Ответы к зачёту: Стилистика. Синергия

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“ Her mother is perfectly unbearable. Never met such a Gorgon (O.W.)." is an example of

• antonomasia
• zeugma
• pun
• Epithet

“"Eliza: you are an idiot, waste the treasures of my Miltonic mind by spreading them before you (B.SH.).” is an example of

• oxymoron
• epithet
• simile
• Allusion

“He loved the afterswim salt-and-sunshine smell of her hair. (Jn.B.)” is an example of

• epithet
• metonymy
• metaphor
• Onomatopoeia

“He's a proud, haughty, consequential, turned-nosed peacock (D.)" is an example of

• zeugma
• epithet
• metaphor
• Metonymy

“Her family is one aunt about a thousand years old (Sc.F.)” is an example of

• hyperbole
• epithet
• simile
• Metaphor

“I am thinking an unmentionable thing about your mother. (I.Sh.)” is an example of

• zeugma
• periphrasis
• graphon
• Anaphora

“I do not consult physicians, for I hope to die without their help. (W.T.)” is an example of

• inversion
• repetition
• pun
• Irony

“Mr. Stiggins… took his hat and his leave” is the example of

• pun
• metaphor
• zeugma
• Antonomasia

“Of course it is important. Incredibly, urgently, desperately important (D.Sayers).” is an example of

• chiasmus
• detachment
• parallel constructions
• climax

“She was crazy about you. In the beginning. (R. W.) ” is an example of

• inversion
• detachment
• parallel constructions
• chiasmus

“Some people have much to live on, and little to live for (O.Wilde).” is an example of

• litotes
• metonymy
• antithesis
• Understatement

“Streaked by a quarter moon, the Mediterranean shushed gently into the beach (I.Sh).” is an example of:

• onomatopoeia
• metaphor
• assonance
• Alliteration

“The girls were dressed to kill (J.Br.)" is an example of

• irony
• epithet
• simile
• Hyperbole

“There comes a period in every man's life, but she is just a semicolon in his.” is an example of

• metonymy
• onomatopoeia
• metaphor
• Pun

“There were some bookcases of superbly unreadable books (E.W.)." is an example of

• oxymoron
• epithet
• hyperbole
• Irony

“You have nobody to blame but yourself. The saddest words of tongue or pen.” is an example of

• litotes
• metonymy
• alliteration
• Understatement

A recognized term for a group of words with entirely new meanings imposed on them existing in almost every language, whose aim is to preserve secrecy within one or another social group is

• jargonisms
• barbarisms
• vulgarism
• Professionalisms

Archaism proper are...

• archaic words with the fixed sphere of usage in poetry and elevated prose and with the function of imbuing the work of art with a lofty poetic colouring
• words denoting such concepts and phenomena that have gone out of use in modern times
• antiquated or obsolete words replaced by new ones
• barbarisms and foreign words

Archaisms are…

• words denoting objects, processes, phenomena of science, humanities, technique
• words denoting such concepts and phenomena that have gone out of use in modern times
• barbarisms and foreign words
• words, used by limited groups of people

At the lexical level stylistics studies

• a set of morphological, syntactical, transpositional representations
• tropes
• graphical shapes of texts
• hierarchical system of sounds, words and clauses

Brief news items (newspaper style) are characterized by

• terms (political or economic)
• emotional colouring
• the use of the first person singular
• obsolete words

Dialectal words are:

• normative and devoid of any stylistic meaning in regional dialects, but used outside of them, carry a strong flavour of the locality where they belong
• words denoting such concepts and phenomena that have gone out of use in modern times
• words, used by most speakers in very informal communication, highly emotive and expressive
• words, used by limited groups of people

Expressive means are ...

• abstract in nature
• fixed in dictionaries and grammars
• abstract in nature but fixed in dictionaries
• used in everyday speech

Galperin’s classification of functional styles embraces

• 6 groups
• 7 groups
• 5 groups
• 3 groups

In Great Britain four major dialects are…

• New England, Southern, Northern and Midwestern
• Northern, Southern, Eastern and Western
• Lowland Scotch. Northern, Midland (Central) and Southern
• Highland. Northern, Southern and Western

In the USA the dialectal varieties are…

• New England, Southern and Midwestern (Central, Midland)
• Northern and Southern
• Northern, Southern and Western
• Northern, Southern and Eastern

Intentional violation of the graphical shape of a word (or word combination) used to reflect its authentic pronunciation is true for:

• assonance
• graphon
• onomatopoeia
• Alliteration

Jargonisms are:

• words denoting objects, processes, phenomena of science, humanities, technique
• words denoting such concepts and phenomena that have gone out of use in modern times
• words, used by most speakers in very informal communication, highly emotive and expressive

Lexical stylistic devices are...

• based on the binary opposition of lexical meanings regardless of the syntactical organization of the utterance
• based on the binary opposition of syntactical meanings regardless of their semantics
• based on the binary opposition of lexical meanings accompanied by fixed syntactical organization of employed lexical units
• based on the opposition of meanings of graphical elements of the language

Literary words can be found in

• in authorial speech, descriptions, considerations
• in the types of discourse, simulating (copying) everyday oral communication
• in the dialogue (or interior monologue) of a prose work
• in streets and homes

Morphological or partial archaisms are

• antiquated or obsolete words replaced by new ones
• words denoting such concepts and phenomena that have gone out of use in modern times
• archaic words with the fixed sphere of usage in poetry and elevated prose and with the function of imbuing the work of art with a lofty poetic colouring
• archaic forms of otherwise non-archaic words
• barbarisms and foreign words

Most lexical stylistic devices are based on … .

• a sound arrangement or stress or intonation which impart the utterance additional shades of meaning
• the principles of similarity of objects, their contrast or proximity
• peculiarities of the literary layer of a language
• interaction of the reader and the writer

Obsolete words are the words which:

• have already gone completely out of use but are still recognized by the English-speaking community
• are no longer recognizable in modern English or have become unrecognizable
• are in the beginning of the aging process when the word becomes rarely used
• are generally defined as "a new word or a new meaning for an established word"

One of the branches of stylistics is termed

• decoding
• contextual
• literary
• structural

Poetic and highly literary words belong to…layer

• neutral
• both neutral and literary
• literary
• both colloquial and literary

Poetic words are...

• antiquated or obsolete words replaced by new ones
• words denoting such concepts and phenomena that have gone out of use in modern times
• archaic words with the fixed sphere of usage in poetry and elevated prose and with the function of imbuing the work of art with a lofty poetic colouring
• archaic forms of otherwise non-archaic words

Professionalisms are:

• words denoting objects, processes, phenomena of science, humanities, technique
• words denoting such concepts and phenomena that have gone out of use in modern times
• words, used by most speakers in very informal communication, highly emotive and expressive
• words, used by limited groups of people, united by some kind of production activity or specialty

Slang is…

• words denoting objects, processes, phenomena of science, humanities, technique
• words denoting such concepts and phenomena that have gone out of use in modern times
• words, used by most speakers in very informal communication, highly emotive and expressive
• words, used by limited groups of people

Special literary words are constituted by

• terms and archaisms
• slang and jargonisms
• professionalisms and jargons
• dialectisms and foreignisms

Stanza rhyme is an example of

• phonetical EM
• morphological EM
• lexical EM
• syntactical EM

Syntactical stylistic devices are...

• based on the binary opposition of lexical meanings regardless of the syntactical organization of the utterance
• based on the binary opposition of syntactical meanings regardless of their semantics
• based on the binary opposition of lexical meanings accompanied by fixed syntactical organization of employed lexical units
• based on the opposition of meanings of graphical elements of the language

Terms are…

• words denoting objects, processes, phenomena of science, humanities, technique
• words denoting such concepts and phenomena that have gone out of use in modern times
• archaic words with the fixed sphere of usage in poetry and elevated prose and with the function of imbuing the work of art with a lofty poetic colouring
• archaic forms of otherwise non-archaic words

The actual situation of the communication has evolved … varieties of the language

• monological and dialogical
• gestures and body
• spoken and written
• syntactical and lexical

The aim of the style of official documents is

• to disclose the laws of development and relations between different phenomena
• to reach agreement between two contacting parties
• to comment on certain political, cultural, economic events
• to call aesthetic feelings of pleasure and promote cognitive process

The belles-lettres functional style includes

• the editorials
• the language of essays
• the language of emotive prose
• the language of official letters

The belles-lettres style rests on

• trite imagery
• brevity of expression
• genuine imagery
• neutral vocabulary

The biggest division of vocabulary is made up of

• literary words
• colloquial words
• neutral words
• historical words
• poetic words

The definition "these are expletives and swear words which are of an abusive character, obscene word like "damn", "bloody" etc" is appropriate for

• jargon words
• colloquial coinages
• barbarisms
• vulgar words

The function of the scientific prose style is

• to convince the receiver of information that the interpretation given by the author is the only correct one
• to call aesthetic feelings of pleasure and promote cognitive process
• to give logical progress of some idea
• to inform

The imagery of emotive prose is

• as rich as it is in poetry
• as rich as it is in drama
• not as rich as it is in poetry
• not identified

The main function of the literary language is

• aesthetic
• volitional
• communicative-intellectual
• accumulative

The main source of synonymy and polysemy are considered to be

• colloquial words
• neutral words
• literary words
• neutral, literary and colloquial words

The object of stylistics is…

• the semantic structure of the word and the interrelation (or interplay) of the connotative and denotative meanings of the word
• hierarchical system of sounds, words and clauses
• specific features of a text type or of a specific text
• the stylistic function of the vocabulary

The publicistic functional style includes

• the language of scientific prose
• the language of poetry
• the language of essays
• the language of advertisements and announcements

The sphere of application of the belles-letters style is

• mass media restricted by press
• fiction
• mass media
• oratory speeches

The sphere of application of the publicist style is

• speeches, essays, articles
• mass media restricted by press
• jurisdiction, business
• official requests, letters, documents

The style of official documents is characterized by the use of

• words in their logical dictionary meaning
• words in their logical contextual meaning
• emotiveness
• connotational component of the meaning

The word-stock of any given language can be roughly divided into

• literary, neutral and colloquial vocabulary
• literary and colloquial vocabulary
• neutral and colloquial vocabulary
• neutral, poetic, literary and colloquial

The words of foreign origin which have not been entirely been assimilated into the English language are…

• dialectal words
• vulgarisms
• barbarisms and foreignism
• archaic, obsolescent and obsolete words

Vulgarisms are:

• coarse words with a strong emotive meaning, mostly derogatory, normally avoided in polite conversation
• words denoting objects, processes, phenomena of science, humanities, technique
• words denoting such concepts and phenomena that have gone out of use in modern times
• words, used by most speakers in very informal communication, highly emotive and expressive