the ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of india - ccras ( pdfdrive ), страница 8

When pulp of the drugs isadded and ghee or oil is present in the preparation, this can be rolled between the fingers.When metals are mentioned, the bhasmas of the metals are used. In case of drugs likeBhallātaka, purification process is to be followed.The Lehya should be kept in glass or porcelain jars. It can also be kept in a metalcontainer which does not react with it.

Normally, Lehyas should be used within one year.¾¯Ā³GĀVALEHAA(AFI, Part-II, 3:1)Definition:A¾°ā¬gāvaleha is a semisolid preparation made with the ingredients in the Formulationcomposition given below.Formulation composition:1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10Ka°phala APIPau¾kara (Pu¾kara API)Ś¨¬gī (Karka°as¨¬gī API)Yamānī (Yavānī API)Kāravī (K¨¾´ajīraka API)Śu´°hī APIMarīca APIPippalī APIMadhu APIĀrdraka API (Svarasa)Myrica nagiInula racemosaPistacia integerrimaTrachyspermum ammiCarum carviZingiber officinalePiper nigrumPiper longumHoneyZingiber officinaleSt Bk.Rt.Gl.Fr.Fr.Rz.Fr.Fr.Fresh juice of Rz.1 part1 part1 part1 part1 part1 part1 part1 part12 partsQ.S. for BhāvanaMethod of preparation:Wash, dry and powder the ingredients 1 to 8 separately and pass through sieve number85.Wash and peel Ārdraka, grind it, squeeze the juice and filter it through a muslin cloth tocollect svarasa.Mix the powdered ingredients 1 to 8 thoroughly, levigate with Ārdraka svarasa and laterdry the mixture.Add honey and stir thoroughly to form an avaleha.Pack it in tightly closed containers to protect from light and moisture.Description:A blackish brown coloured semisolid sticky paste, odour pleasant, taste bitter, astringentand spicy.Identification:Microscopy:Take about 5 g, wash thoroughly with water.

Pour out the water without loss of material;repeat the process, each time rejecting the supernatant and keeping the sediment. Take afew mg of the sediment, stain with iodine solution and mount in 50 per cent glycerin;clarify a few mg with chloral hydrate wash in water and mount in 50 per cent glycerin.Observe the following characters in different mounts.Various types of stone cells solitary or in a group of 12 to 15, with narrow and broadlumen some filled with prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate, pitted fibre sclereids, pittedparenchyma, oil cells, group of parenchymatous cells with prismatic crystals of calciumoxalate, fragments of fibres (Ka°phal); several collapsed epidermal cells, tissuefragments with yellowish brown contents, and large tannin-filled sacs associated withvascular bundles (Karka°aś¨¬gī); elongated or spindle shaped stone cells with broadlumen isolated or in groups of 2 to 8 (Pippalī); fragments of hypodermis in surface view,stone cells varying in sizes, shapes and thickness, mostly present in groups, interspersedamong parenchyma cells (Marica); groups of parenchymatous cells, densely packed withstarch grains, isolated starch grains, simple, oval to rod shaped, measuring 15 to 70 µ inlength, hilum eccentric, lamellae distinct, yellow coloured oleo resin cells, non-lignifiedseptate fibres, some of them bearing marks of adjacent cells pressing against them, 30 to50 µ broad, (Śu´°hī); striated epidermal debris, fragments of vittae in surface viewshowing honey comb like epithelial layers, groups of mesocarpic stone cell layer withpolygonal cells not much longer than broad; transversely much elongated thin walledparenchymatous cell layer, with cells interlocked in a regular V joint with neighbouringcell (K¨¾´ajīraka); prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate, measuring 70 to 100 µ in diaand septate fibres (Pu¾kara); papillose epidermal cells in surface view with puckeredradially striated cuticle, epidermal cells with broken trichome bases, unicellular, smallclub shaped simple trichomes (Yavānī).Thin layer chromatography:Extract 5 g of āvaleha in 75 ml n-hexane under reflux on a water-bath for 30 min.

Filterand concentrate to 10 ml and carry out the thin layer chromatography. Apply 10 µl of theextract on TLC plate and develop the plate to a distance of 8 cm using toluene : ethylacetate (9 : 1) as mobile phase. After development, allow the plate to dry in air andexamine under ultraviolet light (254 nm). It shows major spots at Rf 0.14, 0.22, 0.26,0.34.Physico-chemical parameters:Loss on drying:2.2.10.Total ash:2.2.3.Acid-insoluble ash:2.2.4.Alcohol-soluble extractive:2.2.7.Not more than 32.0 per cent,AppendixNot more than 2.70 per cent,AppendixNot more than 0.50 per cent,AppendixNot less than 51.0 per cent,AppendixWater-soluble extractive:2.2.8.pH (1% aqueous solution):Not less than 47.0 per cent,Appendix6.3 to 6.6,Appendix 3.3.Other requirements:Microbial Limits:Appendix 2.4.Aflatoxins:Appendix 2.7.Storage: Store in a cool place in tightly closed amber coloured containers, protected fromlight and moisture.Therapeutic uses: Vātakaphajvara (fever due to vāta doşa and kapha doşa); Kāsa(cough); Śvāsa (Dyspnoea); Aruci (tastelessness); Chardi (emesis).Dose: 3 to 5 g daily in divided doses.Anupāna: Water.BHALLĀTAKĀDI MODAKA(AFI, Part-I, 3:21)Definition:Bhallātakādi Modaka is a solid preparation made in the form of lumps, with theingredients given in the Formulation composition.Formulation composition:1.2.3.4.Bhallātaka API (Śuddha)Pathyā (Harītakī API )Tila APIGu²a APISemecarpus anacardiumTerminalia chebulaSesamum indicumJaggeryFr.P.Sd.1 part1 part1 part6 partsMethod of preparation:Take all ingredients of pharmacopoeial quality.Treat Bhallātaka to prepare Suddha Bhallātaka (Appendix 6.2.7.7).Powder Śuddha Bhallātakā and Harītakī and pass through sieve no.

85.Pound Gu²a in an iron mortar and add other ingredients. Pound well until it becomes afine homogeneous blend. Roll the above mixture into modaka of approximately 2 geach.Weigh and store in suitable containers, protecting from light and moisture.Description:Black coloured roughly spherical lumps, firm, but crushing under pressure, with thecharacteristic odour of Bhallātakā and bitter, astringent taste.Identification:Microscopy:Weigh 5 g of the sample, and mix with 50 ml of water in a beaker with gentle warming,till the sample gets completely dispersed in water. Centrifuge the mixture and decantsupernatant. Wash the sediment with distilled water and centrifuge again.

Decant thesupernatant. Collect the sediment. Mount a few mg in 50 per cent glycerine and observethe following characters.Fragments of crisscross fibres, epidermal tissue of cells with slightly beaded walls, andoccasionally divided by a thin septa (Pathyā); fragments of epidermis in surface viewwith elongated cells having lignified walls and mesocarp tissue showing oil cavities,(Bhallātaka); cells of endosperm filled with oil globules and aluerone grains,occasionally sectional view of epidermal debris, with palisade like cells (Tila).Thin layer Chromatography:a) Extract 10 g of crushed modaka with 75 ml of methanol under reflux for 30 min. Filter,concentrate to 10 ml and carry out the thin layer chromatography.

Apply 10 µl of theextract on TLC plate and develop the plate to a distance of 8 cm using toluene : ethylacetate : formic acid : methanol (3 : 3 : 0.8 : 0.2 ) as mobile phase. After development,allow the plate to dry in air and spray with anisaldehyde-sulphuric acid reagent followedby heating at 1100 for about 10 min. It shows major spots at Rf 0.12 (blue), 0.32 (blue),0.34 (light brown, gallic acid), 0.45 (blue), 0.52 (light brown), 0.67 (violet), 0.82 (violet)and 0.90 (violet) under visible light.b) Extract 10 g of crushed modaka with 75 ml of n-hexane on a water-bath for 30 min.Filter, concentrate to 10 ml and carry out the thin layer chromatography.

Apply 10 µl onTLC plate and develop the plate to a distance of 8 cm using toluene : ethyl acetate (7 : 3)as mobile phase. After development, allow the plate to dry in air and spray withanisaldehyde-sulphuric acid reagent followed by heating 1100 for about 10 min. It showsmajor spots at Rf 0.47 (purple), 0.69 (dark blue) and 0.7 (purple) under visible light.Physico-chemical parameters:Total Ash:2.2.3.Acid-insoluble ash:2.2.4.Alcohol-soluble extractive:2.2.7.Water-soluble extractive:2.2.8.Reducing sugars:5.1.3.1.Non reducing sugars:5.1.3.3.pH (5% aqueous solution):Total tannins:5.1.2.Not more than 2.5 per cent,AppendixNot more than, 0.25 per cent,AppendixNot less than 65.0 per cent,AppendixNot less than 75.0 per cent,Appendix23 to 24 per cent,Appendix56 to 58 per cent,Appendix4 to 4.5,Not less than 5 per cent,Appendix 3.3.AppendixAssay:The formulation contains not less than 5 per cent gallic acid when assayed by thefollowing method.Estimation of gallic acid: Dissolve 10 mg of gallic acid in 100 ml of methanol in avolumetric flask.