the ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of india - ccras ( pdfdrive ), страница 10

Observe the following characters in different mounts.Large parenchyma cells containing elliptical, elongated starch grains, up to 50 μ in length,with hilum at one end; broad, short vessel debris, resin cells, fragments of non-lignifiedseptate fibres that show dentation on one wall (Śu´°hī); fragments from hypodermis withgroups of stone cells interspersed among parenchyma tissue from hypodermis, darkcoloured groups of very thick walled polygonal stone cells from testa (Marīca); longuniseriate multicellular fragile trichomes, spindle shaped, large lumened sclerenchymacells, isolated or in small groups (Pippalī); perisperm cells with bulbous projections,packed with minute starch grains aggregates, carrying tiny prisms or clusters of calciumoxalate; large, elongated cells of aril tissue (Sūk¾mailā); fragments of fibres with narrowlumen not over 600 μ long or over 45 μ midwidth, stone cells lignified on three sidesonly, parenchyma cells containing minute acicular crystals of calcium oxalate (Tvak);pieces of leaf epidermis with thick cuticle and sunken stomata, showing stomata and afew unicellular or bicellular short stout trichomes (Tejapatra); crisscross layers of fibres,polygonal cells of epidermis showing slight beading and transverse septa, large stonecells with pits (Harītakī).Thin layer chromatography:Extract 5 g of āvaleha with 75 ml (25 ml x 3) of n-hexane under reflux on a water-bathfor 30 min.

Reflux hexane-extracted marc with 75 ml of chloroform (25 ml x 3), filterand concentrate the combined chloroform extract to 10 ml and carry out the thin layerchromatography. Apply 10 µl of the extract on TLC plate and develop the plate to adistance of 8 cm using toluene : ethyl acetate : formic acid (9.8 : 0.2 : 0.04) as mobilephase.

After development, allow the plate to dry in air and examine under ultravioletlight (366 nm). It shows major spots at Rf 0.36, 0.46 (both blue) and 0.27 (yellow). Spraythe plate with anisaldehyde sulphuric acid reagent and heat it at 1100 for about 10 min.

Itshows major spots at Rf 0.12, 0.18 (both green), 0.36 (blue) and 0.40 (greenish blue)under visible light.Physico-chemical parameters:Loss on drying:2.2.10.Not more than 36.0 per centAppendixTotal ash:Not more than 4.7 per centAppendix 2.2.3.Acid-insoluble ash:2.2.4.Alcoholic-soluble extractive:2.2.7.Water-soluble extractive:2.2.8.pH (1% aqueous solution) :Not more than 1.0 per centAppendixNot less than 21.0 per centAppendixNot less than 67.0 per centAppendix6.4 to 6.6Appendix 3.3.Other requirements:Microbial Limits:Aflatoxins:Appendix 2.4.Appendix 2.7.Storage: Store in a cool place in tightly closed containers, protected from light andmoisture.Therapeutic uses: Gulma (abdominal lump); Udāvarta (upward movement of gases);Pīnasa (Chronic rhinitis/Sinusitis); Kāsa (cough); Svāsa (Dyspnoea); Arśa (Piles);Agnimāndya (loss of appetite), K¾aya (Pthisis); K¨mi (Helminthiasis / worm infestation).Dose: 6 to 12 g daily in divided dose.Anupāna: Warm water.CYAVANAPRĀŚA(AFI, Part-I, 3:11)Definition:Cyavanaprāśa is a semisolid avaleha preparation made with the ingredients in theFormulation composition given below:Formulation composition:1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.Bilva APIAgnimantha APIŚyonāka APIKāśmarī (Gambhārī API)Pā°alā APIBalā APIŚālapar´ī APIP¨śnipar´ī APIMudgapar´ī APIMā¾apar´ī APIPippalī APIŚvada¼¾°rā(Gok¾ura API)B¨hatī APIKa´°akārī APIŚ¨¬gī APITāmalakī (Bhūmyāmalakī API)Drāk¾ā APIJīvantī APIPu¾kara APIAgaru APIAbhayā (Harītakī API)Am¨tā (Gu²ūcī API)§ddhi APIJīvaka APIR¾abhaka APIŚa°ī APIMustā APIPunarnavā (Raktapunarnavā API)Medā APIElā (Sūk¾mailā API)Candana (Śvetacandana API)Utpala APIAegle marmelosPremna integrifoliaOroxylum indicumGmelina arboreaStereospermum suaveolensSida cordifoliaDesmodium gangeticumUraria pictaPhaseolus trilobusTeramnus labialisPiper longumTribulus terrestrisSolanum indicumSolanum surattensePistacia integerrimaPhyllanthus amarusVitis viniferaLeptadenia reticulataInula racemosaAquilaria agallochaTerminalia chebulaTinospora cordifoliaHabenaria intermediaMalaxis acuminataMalaxis musciferaHedychium spicatumCyperus rotundusBoerhaavia diffusaPolygonatum cirrhifoliumElettaria cardamomumSantalum albumNymphaea stellataRt./St.Bk.Rt./St.Bk.Rt./St.Bk.Rt./St.Bk.Rt./St.Bk.Rt.Pl.Pl.Rt.

/PlRt. /PlFr.Pl.Pl.Pl.Gl.Pl.Dr. Fr.Rt.Rt.Ht.Wd.P.St.Sub. Rt. Tr.Pseudo-bulbRt. Tr.Rz.Rt. Tr.Pl.Rt.Tr.Sd.Ht. Wd.Fl.48g48g48g48g48g48g48g48g48g48g48g48g48g48g48g48g48g48g48g48g48g48g48g48g48g48g48g48g48g48g48g48g33.34.35.36.37.Vidārī (Kanda) APIV¨¾amūla (Vāsā API )Kākolī APIKākanāsīkā APIĀmalaka (Āmalakī API)38.39.Jala API for decoctionReduced toGh¨ta API40.41.42.43.Taila (Tila API)Matsya´²ikā (Śarkarā API)Madhu APITugāk¾īrī (Va¼śa API)44.45.46.47.48.Pippalī APITvak APIElā APIPatra ( Tejapatra API)Keśara (Nāgakeśara API)Pueraria tuberosaAdhatoda vasicaLilium polyphyllumMartynia annuaPhyllanthus emblica(Emblica officinalis)WaterRt.

Tr.Rt.Sub. Rt.Fr.P.Clarified butter from cow’smilkSesamum indicumoil.SugarHoneyBambusa bambosSiliceousdepositPiper longumFr.Cinnamomum zeylanciumSt. Bk.Elettaria cardamomumSd.Cinnamomum tamalaLf.Mesua ferreaStmn.Note: Stem bark of the ingredients number 1 to 5 of the formulation composition hasbeen used in place of root.Method of preparation:Take all the ingredients of pharmacopoeial quality.Wash, dry, powder the ingredients numbered 1 to 36 (Kvātha Dravya) of the formulationcomposition and pass through sieve number 44.Wash, dry, powder the ingredients numbered 43 to 48 (Prak¾epa) and pass through sievenumber 85.

Add sufficient amount of water to the Kvātha dravya.Take 5 kg fresh fruits of Āmalak¤, wash and tie them into a bundle using muslin cloth.Immerse the bundle into the Kvātha vessel, heat and remove the bundle from the vesselwhen Āmalak¤ becomes soft. Continue to boiling till water reduces to one fourth andfilter the decoction through a muslin cloth. Keep the filtrate safe for use in theformulation.Prepare Āmalak¤ pi¾°ī by removing the fibres and seeds by rubbing through a piece ofcloth.Fry the pi¾°ī with Gh¨ta and Taila mixed in equal proportions.

Properly fried pi¾°ī wouldrelease the Gh¨ta and Taila.Add Śarkarā to the filtred kvātha, also add fried pi¾°ī and boil to Leha pāka. Final stage ofLeha pāka is assessed by putting 2 to 3 g in a glass of water at room temperature. It will48g48g48g48g5 kg12.29 l3.07 l288 g288 g2.4 kg288 g192 g96 g48g48g48g48gsettle down in the water and will not disperse at least for 5 to 10 min. Then remove thevessel from fire and allow to cool at 500.Add prak¾epa Dravya and mix thoroughly to prepare a homogeneous blend. On cooling atroom temperatures add Madhu.Pack it in tightly closed containers to protect from light and moisture.Description:Semisolid, chocolate brown colored sticky paste, taste sweet with non-specific pleasantodour.Identification:Microscopy:Take about 5 g of the sample, add a defatting solvent to remove Gh¨ta and Taila, repeatthe process till sample is free from greasiness.

Wash the defatted sample in warm watertwice. Reject the warm water, add distilled water and stir. Allow to stand and throw offthe supernatant. Take a few mg of the sediment in iodine solution and mount in glycerine(50 per cent); clear a few mg in chloral hydrate solution, wash in water, and mount inglycerine.

Observe the following characters in the mounts:Fragments of fibres with very narrow lumen, not over 600 m long and not over 45 mbroad; parenchyma cells containing minute acicular crystal of calcium oxalate, stone cellsof varying shape and size with thick internal walls, smaller ones somewhat rectangular,40-60 m in length and larger one upto 300 m in length and 25 to 40 m in width, oil cells,30-50 m in dia (Tvak); groups of slightly wavy parenchymatous cells, each cell contains 1to 3 rosette crystal of calcium oxalate, groups of perisperm cells bulbous in shape, packedwith starch grains, also showing in the middle tiny prismatic crystal of calcium oxalate,epidermal and hypodermal cells crossing each other at right angle (Elā); crushed piecesof anther lobes containing pollen grains, pollen grains tricolporate measuring 25 to 55 min dia, groups of beaded epidermal cells of anther lobe, beaded cells of endothecial layer,unicellular and multicellular uniseriate trichomes, several showing funnel tip or slightbranching (Nāgakeśara); leaf epidermal debris, with thick cuticle, sunken stomata, anduni-or bicellular short stout trichomes (Tamālapatra); large polygonal perisperm cells,isolated or in groups of 2 or 3, packed with simple and compound starch grains measuring2 to 5 m in dia, stone cells measuring 130 to 190 m in dia, with broad lumen in groups of 2to 8 (Pippalī); angular, sharp edged sandy particles, not affected by conc.

sulphuric orhydrochloric acids and do not polarize light (Tugāk¾īrī).Thin layer chromatography:Extract 5 g of Cyavanaprāśa successively with 75 ml each of n-hexane, chloroform andmethanol under reflux on a water-bath for 30 min drying the marc after each extraction.Filter each extract and discard the chloroform extract. Concentrate the other two extractsto 10 ml and carry out thin layer chromatography.

Apply 10 µl each of hexane andmethanol extracts separately on two TLC plates and develop the plates to a distance of 8cm using toluene : ethyl acetate (8.5 : 1.5) as mobile phase for hexane extract and ethylacetate : methanol : water (15 : 1 : 1) for methanol extract. After development, allow theplates to dry in air and examine under ultraviolet light (254 nm). The hexane extractshows major spots at Rf 0.10, 0.16, 0.23 and 0.30; and methanol extract shows majorspots at Rf 0.10, 0.47 and 0.81.Physico-chemical parameters:Loss on drying:2.2.10.Total Ash:2.2.3.Acid-insoluble Ash:2.2.4.Alcohol-soluble extractive:2.2.7.Water-soluble extractive:2.2.8.pH (1% aqueous solution):Not more than 9 per cent,AppendixNot more than 2.0 per cent,AppendixNot more than 1.0 per cent,AppendixNot less than 50.0 per cent,AppendixNot less than 50.0 per cent,Appendix3.82 to 4.23,Appendix 3.3.Assay:The formulation contains not less than 0.5 per cent of gallic acid when assayed by thefollowing method.Estimation of gallic acid: Dissolve, accurately weighed, about 25 mg of gallic acid in 20ml of methanol and make up the volume with methanol to 25 ml in a volumetric flask.From this stock solution, prepare standard solutions containing between 1 to 5 µg ofgallic acid per 10 µl.

Apply 10 µl each of the standard solutions on TLC plates. Developthe plate to a distance of 8 cm using toluene : ethyl acetate : formic acid (5 : 5 : 1) asmobile phase. After development dry the plate in a current of hot air and scan in TLCscanner at a wavelength of 280 nm. Record the area under the curve for a peakcorresponding to gallic acid and prepare the calibration curve by plotting area under thecurve vs amount of gallic acid.Extract, accurately weighed, about 20 mg of Cyavanaprāśa with 2 ml of 50 per centaqueous methanol. Apply 13 ml of the test solution and 8 µl of gallic acid standardsolution on TLC plate. Develop, dry and scan the plate as described in the precedingparagraph for calibration curve of gallic acid.