диссертация (Трансформация культурной идентичности иранской женщины)

MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATIONMOSCOW STATE INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS(UNIVERSITY)ManuscriptKHADEM MAKHSUS HOSSEINI, LeilaTRANSFORMATION OF IRANIAN WOMEN’S CULTURAL IDENTITYSpecialty: 24.00.01 – Theory and history of cultureTHESISFor PhD degree in Cultural StudiesScientific supervisor:Elena V. Voevoda,PhD, Doctor Habilitatus (Education)Moscow – 20182CONTENTSPageINTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………CHAPTER1.THEINFLUENTIALFACTORS3INCONSTRUCTING IRANIAN WOMEN'S CULTURAL IDENTITY141.1. The concept of cultural identity in the cultural and philosophicalaspects ………………………………………………………………...141.2.

A comparative analysis of Judith Butler’s views on identity andAnthony Giddens’ structuration theory…………………….................461.3. The role of Islam in constructing Iranian women's culturalidentity ………………………………………………………………..571.4. Historical changes of social and cultural aspects of Iranianwomen's life …………………………………………………………..79Chapter 1: Findings …………………………………………………..99CHAPTER 2. MANIFESTATION OF TRADITIONAL ANDMODERN CULTURAL IDENTITY OF IRANIAN WOMEN ……1032.1. Iranian Women's Cultural Identity Represented in their Bodies…1032.2.

Veiling and Iranian Women's Cultural Identity ……………….1372.3. Iranian women's cultural identity in relation to their work andleisure time ………………………………………………………….172Chapter 2: Findings …………………………………………………..203CONCLUSIONS ………………………………………………………..205BIBLIOGRAPHY ………………………………………………………2163INTRODUCTIONResearch relevance. In the modern world, women play an increasinglyimportant role in society: they actively participate in the social, economic, politicaland cultural life of their communities shaping the new image of their country. Theissue of change in western women's role and identity during and afterindustrialization (referred to as one of the defining properties of modernity by A.Giddens)1, is examined by many scholars throughout the history.

It is explored incountless historical books, scientific researches, literary works, movies, etc.However, in contrast to the widespread representation of western women'schallenges to question the contexts constructing women's identities, Iranianwomen's social role is usually veiled by those who, under the influence of westernculture and politics, attempt to keep a one-sided perspective of Iranian women asrestricted by boundaries of contextual traditions.

Contrary to this popularmisconception, the role of Iranian women in society has significantly changed inrecent decades, which has subsequently caused alterations in their cultural identity.The inevitable influence of western culture (Internet, cinema, satellite TV, socialmedia) provides for the construction of new cultural identity of the consumers ofthis culture. That includes changes in the life style, the perception of social andgender roles and creation of new social institutions.The early 20th century, along with the movement of constitutionalism in Iran, isa distinctive point in Iranian history when the country experienced notable changesin various areas of economy, politics and culture. Cultural changes included newforms of art, literature, lifestyle and women's dressing.

Amid the oppositions oftraditional and modern culture, Iranian women, who till then were confined to1We should see capitalism and industrialism as two distinct…dimensions involved in the institutions of modernity".Giddens A. The Consequences of Modernity. US: Wiley, 2013. p. 64.4household affairs and were deprived even of education, swept the borders definedby the traditional culture and, by defying the conventions, started to constructidentities beyond the gender roles ascribed to them through the ages.

Thus, in linewith western women's social enterprise Iranian women's exclusive wife-motherrole faded and they began to participate in social affairs. A woman's identity wasnot handed to her by tradition, rather as a member of society she gradually startedto construct her new identity as well as her society. The growing number ofwomen with university education, their desire for social and professional selfrealization, along with the preservation of specific features of the traditionalIranian culture, causes the necessity to reassess their social role in the life of thecountry and acknowledge their new cultural identity. This testifies to the researchrelevance.Literature Review.

Cultural identity in a variety of its aspects has beenexplored by a number of researchers. A. Kistova studied the social andphilosophical foundations of constructing ethnic, cultural and national identity onthe basis of ethnographic approach2. A. Chernoded reflects on manifestations ofethnic identity in clothing and fashion3. The role of culture in ethnic and culturalidentification is represented in the works of I. Apollonov4 and Yu. Oleinikova5.The impact of cultural identity on the process of socialization of youngpeople is the subject matter of the monograph by K. Sergeeva6. Construction ofcultural identity of students is described in the thesis of S.

Voroshin7. A number ofresearchers (S. Turkle8, C.L. Singh9, G. Ruchkina and O. Skorodumova10 and2Кистова А.В. Конструирование этнокультурной и общенациональной идентичностей на основеэтнографического подхода в социальной философии: автореф. дис. ... канд. филос. наук. Красноярск, 2013.3Чернодед А.Б. Формирование этнической идентичности в дискурсе современной моды (XX-XXI вв.): дис.… канд. культурологии. Саратов, 2018.4Аполлонов И.А. Идентичность личности в этнокультурном измерении: дис. ... докт. филос.

наук, Ростов-наДону, 2018.5Олейникова Ю. В. Культурные репрезентации в структуре этнической идентификации: дис. … канд.социол. наук. М, 2008.6Сергеева, К.В. Культурная идентичность как фактор социализации современной российской молодежи. М.,2012.7Ворошин С.Д. Формирование культурной идентичности студенчества в актуальных социокультурныхпрактиках университетов Южного Урала: дис. … канд. культурологии.

М, 2018.8Turkle, S. (1995). Life on the screen: Identity in the age of the Internet. New York, Simon & Schuster.5others) reflect on the impact of information technologies in constructing andreconstructing cultural identity in the age of globalization.Among the recognized experts in the studies of identity are A. Giddens11,author of the structuration theory and J. Butler who developed the theory of genderperformativity12. According to J. Butler, identity is constructed by the discoursebefore the arrival of subject to the scene. However, the subject enjoys agencybecause the sustainability of discourse depends on reiteration of its norms by thesubjects.

As the subject performs the imposed roles through time, theperformances deviate from the originally intended norms, transforming orsubverting the norms. So far, there has been no research studying thetransformation of women's cultural identity from the viewpoint of performativetheory. Neither is there an exploration of dialectic relationship of women and theirsocial structure based on structuration theory, though there might be a state valueamount of researches in the field of Iranian women's studies.In an ethnographical study of Iranian women, an Iranian author, MahsaIzadinia, depicts Iranian society as absolutely patriarchal one where women,against their dreams and desires, are marginalized and silenced with no choice toconstruct their true selves.13 In another work, the same author reflects on howIranian women are oppressed and limited under harsh social and family context.14In their turn, Gousia Mir and G.N.

Khaki write about the changing image of theIranian woman in the age of globalization15.9Singh, C. L. (2010). “New media and cultural identity”. China Media Research. 6 (1): 86.Ручкина Г.Ф., Скородумова О.Б. Национально-культурная идентичность в контексте становленияинформационного общества // Научный вестник Московского государственного технического университетагражданской авиации. 2011. № 166. С. 93-97.11Giddens, Anthony (1991) Modernity and Self-Identity. Self and Society in the Late Modern Age.

Cambridge :Polity.12Butler, Judith (1990). Gender trouble: feminism and the subversion of identity. New York: Routledge.13Izadinai M. Exploring Iranian Women's identity: an ethnographic study. Australian Association for Research inEducation, 2013. [Electronic resource]. — Mode of access:https://www.aare.edu.au/publications-database.php/8226/exploring-iranian-womens-identity-an-ethnographic-study14Izadinia M.