Е.Р. Фонтанова - Self-Study Book in English Grammar for Junior Students of the Humanities, страница 9

I didn’t remember if you had taken him for a friend of yours.7. I doubted if his assistant would take over (his job) after he retired.8. I wanted to know if you took to new places quickly.9. I asked if the tourists had taken a lot of pictures of the city.10. I wondered if she took care of her pet.11. I didn’t know if he would take to his new teacher.12. I asked if the plane was due to take off in 5 minutes.35.1. I’d like to know when he gave in an application for leave.2. I don’t understand why the supplies gave out.3. I have no idea who gave away my plan.4.

I wonder why he won’t give in.5. Did you know when he had given up smoking?6. You must find out when the plane takes off.7. I wonder if he will take over the firm from his father.8. I wonder why I took the girl for your sister.9. I didn’t know what he had taken up instead of photography.10. He wondered who would take care of that.11. She asked if he had ever gone in for skiing competition.12. Do you know if there is enough coffee to go round?13.

He asked if she would go on working after the baby was born.36.1. His friend advised him not to give in.2. The doctor advised my brother to give up smoking.3. She asked him not to give her away.4. My teacher advised me to take another English course.5. He told me to take no notice of it.6. The doctor told the patient to take a deep breath.7. My friend encouraged me not to give way to despair.8. The producer encouraged the young actor to take the new role.9.

He ordered them to finish the work one way or another.10. He advised her to leave things the way they were.11. He warned me not to stay in the way.37.1. I was surprised to find that he had given in his resignation.2. He told her not to give way to despair and promised to help her.3. They were pleased that the clouds had given way to sunshine.4. She asked which of them had given away the secret.5. I’d like to know how quickly you take to new places.6. I don’t know when the plane takes off.7. He asked how many pictures of the city the tourists had taken.8. I wonder whom she took after.9. He was not sure if he would take over the firm from his father.10.

The police demanded from the hijackers to give in.11. He said that chemical gave off a strange smell.12. He said that he would be very angry with anybody who would give away that secret.44Unit 3ContentModal Verbs•••••Can and its EquivalentMust and its EquivalentsMayShould and Ought toNeedNounsAdjectives-Adverbs-Comparisons•••Regular Forms of ComparisonIrregular Forms of ComparisonTypes of ComparisonSome - Any – No – Not any – EveryMuch – Many – a Lot ofRevisionKey45Modal Verbs.Can and its EquivalentForms and MeaningsPastModal verb/EquivalentPresentcanto be able to …canam able to …is able to …are able to …1.Mental, physical,circumstantial ability2.

Permissionможете + инф.3. Request4. Prohibitionнельзя + инф.couldwas able towere able toFuturewill be able toCan you lift this box?He can solve the most difficult problems.They can get there by bus.You can go now.You can play with the boys here.Can you do me a favour?Could you get me a glass of water?You can’t cross the street here.1. Translate from Russian into English, using the Active vocabulary and can, be able to.Achieve1.

В результате переговоров им удалось добиться полноговзаимопонимания.2. Она может достичь успеха без особых усилий.3. Они делают все, что могут, но улучшений не добились.4. Если вы увидите Джона, вы не могли бы передать ему, что ондобился своей цели.5. Они не смогут добиться повышения зарплаты таким образом.6. Я думаю, что она могла бы осуществить свое желание (ambition)посетить Америку.7. Если вы выступите на конференции, это даст вам чувствоудовлетворения,.ArrangeArrangement8. Я уверен, мы можем прийти к соглашению.9. Вы можете снять деньги с этого счета только по договоренности сбанком.10. У меня будет вечеринка в следующую субботу. Вы можете прийти?– Боюсь ,что не смогу.

Я уже договорился о другой встрече в этотдень.11. Вы можете начать необходимые приготовления к конференции?12. Мы не смогли договориться о том, когда встретиться.13. Вы можете идти и начинать приготовления к семинару.Challenge14. Это действительно интересная, но трудная проблема. Боюсь, что выне сможете решить ее самостоятельно.15.

Спорим (I bet), что вы не сможете выступить по этому вопросу. –Это что, вызов?46AstonishmentНеужелиStrong doubtНе может быть, чтобыCan he know it?Can he be working now?Can he have worked here last year?Can he have been waiting for us all the time?He can’t know English well.He can’t be working now.He can’t have done it.He can’t have been waiting for us all this time.2. Express astonishment and strong doubt about the statements.Example:He knows English well. Can he know Englishwell? He can’t know Englishwell.Example:She knew about it. Can she have knownabout it? She can’t have knownabout it.1.

The company rewards his employees for theirachievements in work.2. His books are neatly arranged in alphabetic order.3. He always achieves his aims without any efforts.4. These sculptures are a recent acquisition of theMuseum.5. They promised to take care of securityarrangements.6. They arranged to have dinner the following month.7. I arranged with him to meet at the cinema.8. They made all the arrangements for the party.9. My sister arranged the flowers so beautifully.10. He acquired the firm in 1978.Must and its EquivalentsForms and meaningsPastFuturehad to… will have to…Modal verb/Equivalent Presentmustmusthave to…have to…has to…be to…am to…was to…is to…were to…are to…“Must” expresses:Obligation, necessity (according to the speakers Well, it’s 10 o’clock, I must go nowopinion)Prohibition (нельзя, запрещается)You mustn’t speak to a prisoner in a foreignlanguage.“Have to” expresses:Obligation or necessity arising out ofI have to get up at 6 every day.

My workingcircumstances (должен = приходится,day begins at 8.вынужден)“Be to” expresses:An agreement or arrangement, part of a plan We were to meet at the entrance of the theatre at(должен)a quarter to 9.Something thought an unavoidableHe went about thinking of his life and what was(предстоит, суждено)to become of him.473. Use must, have to or be to with the infinitive in brackets.1. This is Dora. She (to share) your room.2.

I must leave you now. I (to do) the cooking.3. Who (to meet) you there?4. My feet are wet. I (to change) my socks.5. I’m afraid you (to go) there alone, darling. I’ve such a headache.6. When the lecture (to begin)?7. Two more apartment houses (to be built) here.8. Well, children, who (to do) the dishes tonight?9. Sorry, I’ve got to rush. I (to meet) mother at the metro station at 6 sharp.10.

You (to leave) at 6 to catch the train.11. I (to write) a letter to my sister. I am worried about her.12. She (to wear) glasses as her eyesight is very weak.4. Make the following sentences negative and interrogative.1. Trade union representatives have to achieve increase in payment.2. I had to wear a newly acquired jacket.3. To achieve his aim he had to learn two foreign languages.4. These documents have to be properly arranged.5. We will have to speak to him about security arrangements.5. Translate from Russian into English, using the Active vocabulary.Acquire1.

Он приобрел привычку работать допоздна и вынужден был спать по 3-4часа в сутки.2. Вы должны овладеть навыками программирования.3. По плану этот регион должен приобрести статус свободнойэкономической зоны.4. В отличие от меня ему не надо было посвящать все свое времяприобретению знаний.5. Вам обязательно надо приобретать эту компанию?6. Где должны быть показаны последние (recent) ценные приобретениямузея?Attain7. Мы должны определить лучшие способы достижения наших целей.8.

Если вы хотите добиться желаемой цели (a desired goal), не надо тратитьвремя на пустяки (trifles).9. Мы должны ставить перед собой только достижимые цели.10. Чтобы получить диплом вам придется хорошо потрудиться.11. Мы должны добиться оптимального уровня.“Must” expresses:Probability (должно быть,вероятно)He must be at home.He must be writing about his travels.He must have taken a lot of photos while he was on theislands.They must have been waiting for you for a long time.Notes.

In negative sentences and sentences referring to the future probability is expressed by other means:evidently, probably, be likely.Examples: Evidently, she didn’t know my address. She will probably come tomorrow. She is not likely to come so late.486. Refer the sentences to the past.Examples:They must know him. They must have knownhim then.They must be waiting for you. They must have beenwaiting for you yesterday.1. George must be pleased that he has attained adegree.2.

This medal must be his highest achievement.3. He must acquire extensive knowledge of nationaltraditions traveling all over the world.4. They must have no valuable acquisitions.5. This must be his first attempt at the exam.6. Scientist must be making attempts to develop newforms of energy.7.

Translate from Russian into English using Active vocabulary and must.Attempt1. Они, вероятно, закрыли дорогу в попытке уменьшить движениетранспорта в городе.2. Попытки заблокировать эту дорогу, по-видимому, бесполезны.3. Должно быть, она не обращает внимания на его попыткиприсоединиться к разговору.4. Эти меры, вероятно, являются сознательной попыткой восстановитьравновесие сил.5. Все наши попытки установить связь с доктором Джеймсом, вероятно,не имели успеха.6. Он, наверняка, пытается сделать это как можно лучше.Challenge7.

Поиск решения этой проблемы, вероятно, представляет большуютрудность для ученых.8. Он, должно быть, не дал ей возможности (no opportunity) оспоритьправильность его действий.9. Мальчику, вероятно, нравится преодолевать трудности.10. Это была трудная задача, но он, по-видимому, справился с нею (to riseto the challenge).11. Это, очевидно, было самое трудное время для всех нас.12. Она, вероятно, предпочла более интересную, хотя и трудную, работу.13. Должно быть, он хорошо знает все основные трудности, с которымисталкиваются пожарные каждый день.14. Очевидно, эта проблема заставила их искать новый метод решения.15.