Диссертация (Процессы ионизации при взаимодействии быстрых частиц с веществом), страница 14
Описание файла
Файл "Диссертация" внутри архива находится в папке "Процессы ионизации при взаимодействии быстрых частиц с веществом". PDF-файл из архива "Процессы ионизации при взаимодействии быстрых частиц с веществом", который расположен в категории "". Всё это находится в предмете "физико-математические науки" из Аспирантура и докторантура, которые можно найти в файловом архиве МГУ им. Ломоносова. Не смотря на прямую связь этого архива с МГУ им. Ломоносова, его также можно найти и в других разделах. , а ещё этот архив представляет собой докторскую диссертацию, поэтому ещё представлен в разделе всех диссертаций на соискание учёной степени доктора физико-математических наук.
Просмотр PDF-файла онлайн
Текст 14 страницы из PDF
E !=>2# 4 {fRfTkW | p nVXXQWTZ VW TjQ TjQVU\ Vw ZY[QUSVWiYSTkhkT\ aa oYVhV nkXQWTV!=>2 {VR 0 e 2"4$2>0# " kSy p n sjQ QhfRYfTkVW Vw TjQ SVRRkZkVW XfTUk aa ej\Z dQh !=> {VR 2 e #/2$#0## > dQkWQUT mE okSVRf\ pE MRTWQU QT fR uxZQUhfTkVW Vw f nO Z[QSTUfR wYWSTkVWkW f SVWhQWTkVWfR ZY[QUSVWiYSTVU x\ [jVTVQRQSTUVW Z[QSTUVZSV[\ aa ej\Z dQhlQTT # {VR 2> e 4=4 $4=44# / QUfyifU |E ~RfU q nkUSYRfU ikSjUVkZX kW iVYxRQ [jVTVkVWkfTkVW aa ej\ZdQh lQTT !==# {VR /= e !!0>$!!00# 0 QUfyifU |E ~RfU q njkUfR XYRTk.QRQSTUVW QXkZZkVW aa ej\Z dQ[ # ! {VR4" e "04$># # 2 mQfgkW | N nkUSYRfU ikSjUVkZX kW [jVTV.ZkWgRQ.kVWkfTkVW Vw YWVUkQWTQifTVXZ aa ej\Z dQh lQTT # # {VR 22 e "4 ! ]" [fgQZ^# = rZTVXkW c E NfWfyVh o lE NQUQXkfWkW c {E OTfUfSQ c m oVWik[VRQQQSTZ kW TjQ TUk[R\ ikQUQWTkfR SUVZZ ZQSTkVW wVU iVYxRQ [jVTVkVWkfTkVW Vw qQ aaej\Z dQh c # " {VR 0! e >#0 # ]# [fgQZ^#4>#! VRVgWQZk eE mQ\QU {E ~jQkwQTZ c QT fR ejVTViVYxRQ kVWkfTkVW Vw qQ zkTjSkUSYRfUR\ [VRfUkQi Z\WSjUVTUVW UfikfTkVWC SVX[RQTQ Q [QUkXQWT fWi i\WfXkSWViQZ aa | ej\Z C cT NVR u[T ej\Z # 2 {VR "! e >! 4 ]/ [fgQZ^#!! - , : %%' - %6 5 %: @-' 85) aa B # 2 !02 !#"4$!#0!#!# qfURkWgQW | {fW ejfZQ.ZQWZkTkhQ TQZTZ Vw TjQ Z\XXQTU\ Vw TjQ [fkUkWg ZTfTQkW TjQ jkgj.TQX[QUfTYUQ ZY[QUSVWiYSTVUZPMhkiQWSQ wVU d Z\XXQTU\ aadQh NVi ej\Z !==> {VR /0 e >!>$>4>#!4 Qk | sE Qj o.nE Ok E tk t t uxZQUhfTkVW Vw QUV.xkfZ TYWWQRkWgSVWiYSTfWSQ [Qfy kW YWiQUiV[Qi lf OU nYu aa ej\ZkSf # {VR#2"$#22 e =04$=0"#!" og s.~E {fUXf n N M [QUkXQWTfR ZkgWfTYUQZ Vw TkXQ.UQhQUZfR.hkVRfTkWg ZY@[QUSVWiYSTVUZ aa ej\Z dQh # " {VR 0 e >">!" ]" [fgQZ^#!> lfYgjRkW d NfgWQTkS kWiYSTkVW Vw d + id VUiQU kW jkgj.T ZY[QUSVW@iYSTVUZ aa ej\Z dQh lQTT !==2 {VR 2 e >!22$>!=!#!/ cjfUVWVh E VjX OkgWkSfWSQ Vw QRQSTUVXfgWQTkS [VTQWTkfRZ kW YfWTYXTjQVU\ aa ej\Z dQh !=>= {VR !!> e "2>$"=!#!0 NQkZZWQU E uSjZQWwQRi d MkW WQYQU MQyT xQk MkWTUkTT iQU OY[UfRQkT@wfjkgyQkT aa ofTYUzkZZQWZSjfwTQW !=44 {VR #! e 020$022#!2 jY |.tE fWg OY[QUSYUUQWT iQTQUXkWQi wUVX TjQ cjfUVWVh.VjXQQST kW XQZVZSV[kS ZY[QUSVWiYSTkWg UkWgZ aa ej\Z dQh !==" {VR > e 0# 0$0#! #!= H - %6 %55 5 C E !=/2## fgzQRR e m nUkTkSfR SYUUQWT Vw f VWQ.ikXQWZkVWfR ZY[QUSVWiYSTVU aa ej\ZdQh !==" {VR "= e /2"!$/2"/##! - ' %& % ?5' rr aa B !=/0 =4 "=>$>!=### okQhQZ | m MRQSTUVXfgWQTkS [UV[QUTkQZ Vw NfVUfWf WQYTUkWVZ aa ej\Z dQh !=2# {VR #/ e 4!>#$4!>2x2 −y 22−xxx2 −y 24−δxyc#4/##4 ~f\ZQU NfVUfWf WQYTUkWVZ fWi TjQkU QRQSTUVXfgWQTkS [UV[QUTkQZ aa ej\ZdQh !=2# {VR #/ e !//#$!/0 ##" ~f\ZQU nesE neE fWi n [jfZQZE fWi TjQkU QQSTZE kW NfVUfWf.[fUTkSRQ[UVSQZZQZ aa ej\Z dQh !=2" {VR 4 e ! #4$! 44##> eQTSVh O s sjQ [UVSQZZQZ μ → e + γ E μ → e + e + ēE ν → ν + γ kW TjQQkWxQUg.OfRfX XViQR zkTj WQYTUkWV Xk kWg aa OVh | oYSR ej\Z !=00{VR #> e 4" ##/ mYkyfzf ~E OjUVSy d NfgWQTkS XVXQWT Vw f XfZZkhQ WQYTUkWV fWi WQYTUk@WV.Z[kW UVTfTkVW aa ej\Z dQh lQTT !=2 {VR "> e =/4$=//##0 efR e E VRwQWZTQkW l dfikfTkhQ iQSf\Z Vw XfZZkhQ WQYTUkWVZ aa ej\Z dQh !=2# {VR #> e 0//$004##2 OjUVSy d M MRQSTUVXfgWQTkS [UV[QUTkQZ fWi iQSf\Z Vw kUfS fWi NfVUfWfWQYTUkWVZ kW f gQWQUfR SRfZZ Vw gfYgQ TjQVUkQZ aa oYSR ej\Z !=2# {VR # /e 4>=$40=##= QfSVX | mE {VgQR e oQYTUkWV XfgWQTkS XVXQWTZE fhVU Xk kWgE fWi TjQOY[QU.~fXkVyfWiQ ZVRfU ifTf aa ej\Z dQh lQTT !=== {VR 24 e >###$>##>#4 QRR o mE nkUkgRkfWV {E dfXZQ\.NYZVRw N | QT fR qVz XfgWQTkS kZ TjQ kUfSWQYTUkWV aa ej\Z dQh lQTT # > {VR => e !>!2 # ]" [fgQZ^#4! QRR o mE pVUSjTQkW NE dfXZQ\.NYZVRw N | QT fR NViQR kWiQ[QWiQWTxVYWiZ VW XfgWQTkS XVXQWTZ Vw NfVUfWf WQYTUkWVZ aa ej\Z lQTT # /{VR /"# e 400$424#4# E 3 7 B 57: )-, %' 5% C 1?%)-%E !=20#44 nfURZVW | mE u[[QWjQkXQU | d sjQ kX[fSTZ Vw wfZT QRQSTUVWZ fWi XfgWQTkSWQYTUVWZ aa ej\Z dQh !=4# {VR "! e 0/4$0=##4" QTjQ q rVWkfTkVW [VzQU Vw f WQYTUkWV zkTj XfgWQTkS XVXQWT aa NfTj eUVSnfXxUkigQ !=4> {VR 4! e ! 2$!!>#4> ~\YRikQh c { OQfUSjkWg wVU QQSTZ Vw WQYTUkWV XfgWQTkS XVXQWTZ fT UQfSTVUZfWi fSSQRQUfTVUZ aa oYSR ej\Z !=2" {VR #"4 e 420$4=0#40#4/ VXVgfTZy\ pE ofiQjkW NViQUW TjQVU\ Vw ZTfU QhVRYTkVW fWi Q [QUkXQWTZVw m dQkWQZ VW fWTk ν .ZSfTTQUkWg iQTQSTkVW aa OVh | oYSR ej\Z !=0! {VR !#e /02#40 nVzfW n lE dQkWQZ m oQYTUkWV XfgWQTkS XVXQWT Y[[QU RkXkT aa ej\Z dQh!=>0 {VR ! 0 e >#2$>4 #42 nVzfW n lE dQkWQZ mE qfUUkZVW m }[[QU RkXkT VW TjQ WQYTUkWV XfgWQTkSXVXQWT aa ej\Z dQh !=>" {VR =/ e !#="$!#="#4= {VgQR eE MWgQR | oQYTUkWV QRQSTUVXfgWQTkS wVUX wfSTVUZ aa ej\Z dQh !=2= {VR 4= e 4402$4424#" NVjf[fTUf d oE efR e NfZZkhQ oQYTUkWVZ kW ej\ZkSZ fWi cZTUV[j\ZkSZdkhQU MigQE o|E }OcC VURi OSkQWTkSE # " {VR 0# Vw lQSTYUQ oVTQZ kWej\ZkSZ#"! pf[VWVh Y {E VxU\WkW Y lE skyjVWVh { o oQYTUkWV fWi fWTkWQYTUkWVZSfTTQUkWg VW f j\iUVgQW.RkyQ fTVX aa OVh | oYSR ej\Z !=0> {VR ## e !0 #"# VxUQTZVh { YE VxUVTZhQTVh c E mf\fWZ O c rWQRfZTkS WQYTUkWV ZSfTTQU@kWg x\ fTVXkS QRQSTUVWZ aa OVh | oYSR ej\Z !==# {VR >> e !!2 #"4 mf\fWZ O cE VxUQTZVh { YE VxUVTZhQTVh c MQST Vw fTVXkS xkWikWgVW kWQRfZTkS ν Q ZSfTTQUkWg aa ej\Z lQTT !==# {VR #=! e !$/#"" ~V[QkykW { rE NkyfQR\fW l cE OkWQh { {E mf\fWZ O c OSfTTQUkWg Vw UQfSTVUfWTkWQYTUkWVZ x\ QRQSTUVWZ aa ej\Z cT oYSR !==0 {VR / e !2>=$!2/"#"> mf\fWZ O cE NkyfQR\fW l cE OkWQh { { Qfy fWi XfgWQTkS kWQRfZTkS ZSfT@TQUkWg Vw fWTkWQYTUkWVZ VW fTVXkS QRQSTUVWZ aa ej\Z cT oYSR # ! {VR /"e !"0>$!"2 #"/ pVYWfUkZ p |E efZSjVZ McE eVUw\UkfikZ e r sjQ kVWkfTkVW Vw qE qQ VU oQfTVXZ YZkWg WQYTUkWVZ VU fWTkWQYTUkWVZ fT yQ{ QWQUgkQZ aa ej\Z lQTT # #{VR >#> e /4$0 #"0 ~V[QkykW { rE NkyfQR\fW l cE OkWQh { { rWQRfZTkS ZSfTTQUkWg Vw TUkTkYX@ZVYUSQ fWTkWQYTUkWVZ VW QRQSTUVWZ Vw gQUXfWkYX fTVXZ aa ej\Z cT oYSR # 4{VR // e 0 0$0!!e#42#"2 VWg q sE lk q E lkW O s MWjfWSQi ZQWZkTkhkTkQZ wVU TjQ ZQfUSjQZ VwWQYTUkWV XfgWQTkS XVXQWTZ TjUVYgj fTVXkS kVWkfTkVW aa ej\Z dQh lQTT# ! {VR ! > e /!2 ! ]" [fgQZ^#"= {VRVZjkW N oQYTUkWV ZSfTTQUkWg VW fTVXkS QRQSTUVWZ kW ZQfUSjQZ wVU TjQ WQYTUkWVXfgWQTkS XVXQWT aa ej\Z dQh lQTT # ! {VR ! > e # !2 ! ]" [fgQZ^#> VWg q sE lk q E lkW O s MWjfWSQi ZQWZkTkhkTkQZ wVU TjQ ZQfUSjQZ VwWQYTUkWV XfgWQTkS XVXQWTZ TjUVYgj fTVXkS kVWkfTkVW aa cUtkhVUg Q.[UkWTfUSjkhQ # !# fUtkhCjQ[.[ja! !# 0"h4#>! NfUTQX\fWVh { eE sZkWVQh { p rVWkfTkVW Vw jQRkYX fTVXZ YWiQU TjQ Qw@wQST Vw TjQ fWTkWQYTUkWV XfgWQTkS XVXQWT aa ej\Z cT oYSR # !! {VR 0"e !/0!$!/0>#># qVhQ l {fW nVUUQRfTkVWZ kW Z[fSQ fWi TkXQ fWi VUW f[[UV kXfTkVW ZSfTTQUkWgkW Z\ZTQXZ Vw kWTQUfSTkWg [fUTkSRQZ aa ej\Z dQh !=>" {VR => e #"=$#/##>4 QRykS VYWi.wUQQ WVW.UQRfTkhkZTkS TUfWZkTkVW wVUX wfSTVUZ kW fTVXkS j\iUV@gQW aa | ej\Z C cT NVR ej\Z !=2! {VR !" e != 0$!=!"#>" qVRT c d NfTUk QRQXQWTZ wVU xVYWi.wUQQ TUfWZkTkVWZ kW fTVXkS j\iUVgQW aa| ej\Z C cT NVR ej\Z !=/= {VR # e !# =$!#!4#>> ) E 3 %<, 3 %' 95%- CE !=2!#>/ njQW |.E njk q.nE qYfWg ~.o QT fR cTVXkS kVWkfTkVW Vw gQUXfWkYXx\ WQYTUkWVZ wUVX fW fx kWkTkV f[[UVfSj aa ej\Z lQTT # !" {VR 04!e !>=$!/##>0 ~VYfyVh ~ cE f\TZQh O cE eV[Vh Y {E sfyfjfZjk N OkWgR\ kVWkkWg! .NQ{afXY n +qQ SVRRkZkVWZ zkTj ZXfRR XVXQWTYX TUfWZwQU aa ej\Z dQhc # !# {VR 2/ e 4#0! ]2 [fgQZ^#>2 pUfWT r e dQRfTkhkZTkS ZQRw.SVWZkZTQWT QRiZ aa eUVS dV\fR OVSkQT\ c !=/!{VR #/# e >>>$>0/#>= pUfWT r e dQRfTkhkZTkS ZQRw.SVWZkZTQWT QRiZ aa eUVS ej\Z OVSkQT\ !=/>{VR 2/ e >#4$>#06+#4=#/ NVUYk { lE |fWfy | mE kRRkfXZ c d nfRSYRfTQi MRQSTUVWkS eUV[QUTkQZVw NQTfRZ u wVUiE }~C eQUgfXVWE !=02#/! qYfWg ~.oE |VjWZVW d NYRTkSVWgYUfTkVW UQRfTkhkZTkS UfWiVX.[jfZQ f[@[UV kXfTkVW sjQVU\ aa ej\Z dQh c !=2# {VR #> e /4"$/"=#/# qYfWg ~.o dQRfTkhkZTkS XfW\.xVi\ TjQVU\ Vw fTVXkS TUfWZkTkVWZ sjQ UQRfTkhkZ@TkS QYfTkVW.Vw.XVTkVW f[[UVfSj aa ej\Z dQh c !=2# {VR #/ e 04"$04=#/4 |øUgQWZQW e NVRQSYRfU fWi fTVXkS f[[RkSfTkVWZ Vw TkXQ.iQ[QWiQWT qfUTUQQ@mVSy TjQVU\ aa cWW dQh ej\Z njQX !=0> {VR #/ e 4>=$42 #/" cXYZkf N fE njQUQ[yVh o c NfW\.xVi\ QRQSTUVW SVUUQRfTkVWZ kW ZSfTTQUkWg[UVSQZZQZ aa nfZQ OTYikQZ cT ej\Z !=0> {VR > e "0$!0=#/> lkW l pfYgQ [UV[QUTkQZ Vw TjQ qfUTUQQ.mVSy fWi UfWiVX.[jfZQ f[[UV kXf@TkVWZ aa ej\Z dQh c !=00 {VR !/ e / $/ >#// qYfWg ~.oE njk q.nE njVY q.O sjQ Nnddec TjQVU\ fWi kTZ f[[RkSfTkVWZTV [jVTVQ SkTfTkVW fWi [jVTVkVWkfTkVW aa njkWQZQ | ej\Z !==> {VR 44e >/>$/""#/0 QZSRfY | e c XYRTkSVWgYUfTkVW UQRfTkhkZTkS rdcn.mun~ [UVgUfX aanVX[YT ej\Z nVXXYW !=0> {VR = e 4!$">#/2 mUQQiXfW nVjQUQWT QQSTZ Vw f zQfy WQYTUfR SYUUQWT aa ej\Z dQh !=0" {VR = e !42=$!4=##/= UYykQU cE OTViVRZy\ l eUkWSk[RQZ fWi f[[RkSfTkVWZ Vw f WQYTUfR.SYUUQWT iQ@TQSTVU wVU WQYTUkWV [j\ZkSZ fWi fZTUVWVX\ aa ej\Z dQh !=2" {VR 4 e ##=>$#4 =#0 OSjVRxQUg ~ eUVZ[QSTZ wVU XQfZYUkWg SVjQUQWT WQYTUkWV.WYSRQYZ QRfZTkS ZSfTTQU@kWg fT f ZTV[[Qi.[kVW WQYTUkWV ZVYUSQ aa ej\Z dQh # / {VR 04 e 44 >]= [fgQZ^#0! fUUfWSV |E NkUfWif u pE dfZjxf s r eUVxkWg WQz [j\ZkSZ zkTj SVjQUQWTWQYTUkWV ZSfTTQUkWg V WYSRQk aa | qkgj MWQUg\ ej\Z # > {VR # e #!]!" [fgQZ^#0# fUUfWSV |E NkUfWif u pE dfZjxf s r OQWZkTkhkT\ Vw RVz QWQUg\ WQYTUkWV#"Q [QUkXQWTZ TV [j\ZkSZ xQ\VWi TjQ ZTfWifUi XViQR aa ej\Z dQh # 0{VR 0/ e 04 2 ]= [fgQZ^#04 fhkiZVW OE eQñf.pfUf\ nE dkYZ oE OfWTfXfUkf c eUQZQWT fWi wYTYUQ xVYWiZVW WVW.ZTfWifUi WQYTUkWV kWTQUfSTkVWZ aa | qkgj MWQUg\ ej\Z # 4 {VR 4e !! ]4" [fgQZ^#0" pf[VWVh Y {E skyjVWVh { o MRfZTkS ZSfTTQUkWg Vw RVz.QWQUg\ WQYTUkWVZ x\fTVXkS Z\ZTQXZ aa OVh | oYSR ej\Z !=00 {VR #/ e 4!"#0> OQjgfR l NE fWWkWgQU N cTVXkS QQSTZ kW SVjQUQWT WQYTUkWV ZSfTTQUkWg aaej\Z lQTT !=2/ {VR !0! e ! 0$!!##0/ cYgYZTkW |E NYRRQU E pUQkWQU NfgWQTkS WQYTUkWV ZSfTTQUkWg x\ SU\ZTfRZ aaej\Z dQh !== {VR "! e !/24$!/2/#00 mVUXfggkV | cE mkgYQUVf.mQRkSkfWV ME cWiQUZVW c | OTQUkRQ WQYTUkWVZE SVjQU@QWT ZSfTTQUkWgE fWi VZSkRRVXQTU\ XQfZYUQXQWTZ zkTj RVz.TQX[QUfTYUQ xVRVXQ@TQUZ aa ej\Z dQh # !# {VR 2> e !4 = ]!" [fgQZ^#02 lQzkW | E OXkTj d m dQhkQz Vw XfTjQXfTkSZE WYXQUkSfR wfSTVUZE fWi SVUUQS@TkVWZ wVU ifUy XfTTQU Q [QUkXQWTZ xfZQi VW QRfZTkS WYSRQfU UQSVkR aa cZTUV[fUTej\Z !==/ {VR / e 20$!!##0= QWVkT cE QUgQU lE RYXQU | QT fR NQfZYUQXQWT Vw TjQ UQZ[VWZQ VwjQfT.fWi.kVWkfTkVW gQUXfWkYX iQTQSTVUZ TV WYSRQfU UQSVkRZ aa oYSR rWZTUNQTj c # 0 {VR >00 e >>2$>/2#2 njQW |.E njk q.nE lk q.E sMtuou nVWZTUfkWTZ VW XkRRkSjfUgQi WQY@TUkWVZ hkf fWfR\ZkZ Vw ifTf wUVX fTVXkS kVWkfTkVWZ zkTj gQUXfWkYX iQTQSTVUZfT ZYx.yQ{ ZQWZkTkhkTkQZ aa ej\Z dQh # !" {VR = e !!4 ! ]> [fgQZ^#2! OQfj N eE QWSj c YfWTkTfTkhQ QRQSTUVW Z[QSTUVZSV[\ Vw ZYUwfSQZC cZTfWifUi ifTf xfZQ wVU QRQSTUVW kWQRfZTkS XQfW wUQQ [fTjZ kW ZVRkiZ aa OYUwrWTQUwfSQ cWfR !=0= {VR ! e #$!!#2# OQfj N e fTf SVX[kRfTkVWZC TjQkU YZQ TV kX[UVhQ XQfZYUQXQWT SQUTfkWT\ kWZYUwfSQ fWfR\ZkZ x\ fQZ fWi [Z aa OYUw rWTQUwfSQ cWfR !=2/ {VR = e 2>$=2.
