Гурова Г.Г., Николаева Н.С. - Обучение разговорной речи и чтению литературы на английском языке по специальности Сварка, страница 8

Find in the text the English equivalents for the followingphrases.Соединение сваркой; как подразумевает название; в общей сложности — четыре обычных подтипа; при помощи разделки кромокобеих деталей; чтобы усилить шов; сварочная установка с низкой(высокой) плотностью энергии; благодаря сравнительно малой зонешва; это делает возможным глубокое проплавление; повышеннаясклонность соединения к деформации; перед сваркой; отбортовкав 90◦ ; деталь, которую необходимо сварить.413.9. Scan the text and fill in the table using the information from thetexts.Subtypeof corner jointEnergy sourceor welderQualityof weld3.10.

In pairs discuss the reasons that make corner joints weak?3.11. Make the text retelling using the table from ex. 3.9.3.12. Before reading the text below translate the following sentencespaying attention to the infinitives underlined.1. The parts to be welded are placed together with the outside edgemelted. 2. The method to be applied is fast and reliable, but tends tomake extremely weak joints. 3. The top piece to be placed is thinenough compared with the bottom piece.

4. This type of welds tendsto make extremely weak joints due to the stress angles to be caused bya flange. 5. The edges of the plates to be welded by corner joints maybe machined prior to welding. 6. The method to be chosen for weldingthe pieces depends upon the material, configuration and other reasons.7. T-joints occur when the members to be welded come together at rightangles. 8. A root face is a portion of the prepared edge of a part to bejoined by a groove weld. 9.

Friction welding is a process to be appliedwhere a sufficient volume of similar parts is provided because of theinitial expense for equipment and tooling. 10. The new technology iswidely approved because of its effectiveness and the possibility of theequipment to be adjusted for the new process easily.3.13.

Before reading the text try to recollect what other types ofjoints you know.Other Types of Joints Part 1Edge JointsEdge joints are often used when the members to be welded willnot be subjected to great stresses. Edge joints are not recommendedwhere impact or great stress may occur to one or both of the weldedmembers. An edge joint occurs when the edges of parallel or nearly42parallel members meet and are joined by a weld.

If required, the jointscan be altered by grinding, cutting or machining the edges into a groove.The groove can be a square, beveled, V, J, or U. The main purposeof the groove is to allow proper penetration or depth of fusion. Completejoint penetration refers to weld metal that extends completely throughthe groove and has complete fusion into the base metal.Lap JointsAnother joint design used a great deal in the welding industry isthe lap joint. In order to weld two overlapping pieces of metal, the lapjoint is used by means of connecting fillet, plug, slot, spot, projection,or seam welds.

A single lap joint is welded from one side; however asingle lap joint welded from two sides has a greater strength. The lapjoint is the most common joint used in welding, since they are mostapplicable in welding thin materials.A lap joint has good mechanical properties, especially when weldedon both sides. The type of weld used on a lap joint is generally a filletweld. If a groove weld is called for, it can be applied with a single ordouble bevel.

The groove weld may or may not be followed with a filletweld. The degree of overlap of the members is generally determined bythe thickness of plate. In other words, the thicker the plate, the moreoverlap is required.Fillet WeldsFillet welds are approximately triangular in cross sectional shapeand are made on members whose surfaces or edges are approximately90◦ to each other. Fillet welds can be as strong, or stronger than the basemetal if the weld is the correct size and the proper welding techniquesare used. When discussing the size of fillet welds, weld contour mustfirst be determined.

Contour is the shape of the face of the weld.There are three types of fillet weld contours: flat, convex, and concave depending upon a cross section profile.T-JointsA T-joint occurs when the surfaces of two members come togetherat approximately right angles, or 90◦ , and take the shape of a “T”. Onthis particular type of joint, a fillet weld is used. T-joints possess good43mechanical strength, especially when welded from both sides. They generally require little or no joint preparation and are easily welded whenthe correct parameters are used. The edges of the T-joint may be leftsquare if only a fillet weld is required.

For groove welding they may bealtered by thermal cutting, machining or grinding.(2700)From Joining Technologies | Newgate International Business Center | (slightlyabridged).3.14. Vocabulary to the text “Other Types of Joints. Part 1”.Try to memorize the following words and word combinations:1) an edge joint — стыковое соединение;2) grinding [ graındı ], n — шлифование;3) machining, n — обработка (на станке);4) a Т-joint, tee joint — тавровое соединение;5) a fillet weld — сварной шов угловой;6) a lap joint — соединение внахлестку;7) to overlap, v — перекрывать, частично покрывать, заходитьодин на другой;8) a fillet, n — кромка, желобок, углубление;9) a plug [plg], n — пробка, заглушка, втулка;10) a slot, n — щель, прорезь;11) a spot, n — небольшой участок, пятнышко;12) a projection, n — выступ, выступающая часть;13) a seam weld — роликовый шов;14) to call for, v — требовать;15) flat, adj — плоский;16) convex [ kn vex], adj — выпуклый;17) concave [k keıv], adj — вогнутый.3.15.

In pairs discuss mechanical properties of each type of joints.3.16. Make up and practise short situations with the following wordsand word combinations:1) corner joint, four sub types, low energy density welder, high energy density welder;2) edge joints, subjected to great stresses, groove, penetration ordepth of fusion;3) t-joint, right angle, fillet weld, little or no joint preparation;444) lap joint, good mechanical properties, single or double bevel,thickness of the plate;5) fillet weld, triangular shape, base material, cross section profile.3.17. Make up questions with the words and word combinationsfrom the previous exercise, and ask your partner.3.18.

Find in the text the English equivalents for the followingphrases.Быть подверженным большим напряжениям; сделать возможным необходимое проплавление; широко используемый; требуетсястыковой шов; односторонний скос кромки; двойной скос кромки;чем толще пластина; тем больше требуется нахлест; в зависимостиот профиля поперечного сечения; элементы соединяются под приблизительно прямым углом; приобретают форму буквы T.3.19.

Define key words for each paragraph of the text “Other Typesof Joints. Part 1”.3.20. Using the key words defined in the previous exercise shortlydescribe each type of joints.3.21. Translate the first paragraph of the following text in writtenform without using a dictionary.3.22. Scan the whole text and find additional information aboutT-joints compared to the information from the text above. Work witha partner.Other Types of Joints. Part 2T-jointsTee joints are used when one part must be joined to the center ofanother part forming a T.

Like the other types of weld, there are severalways that this joint can be prepared and welded, each with their ownbenefits and disadvantages. Most methods of welding tee joints involvewelding the two joints between the parts, with either a high or low energy density beam. Like the other weld types, there are fundamentaldifferences in the processes used with these two types of weld. When atee joint is welded with either a high or low energy density system, theprocess usually involves first placing and clamping (clamp — скреплять)45the parts in the necessary configuration.

If necessary, the parts may betack welded (tack weld — соединять прихваточным швом) together tomake welding the final joint easer. This can, however, case complications in the final weld, which will be elaborated (elaborate — тщательнообработать) on later.In the case of low energy density welding, the joint is made bymaking a weld bead on one, or usually both, sides of the vertical plate.This is usually done with filler wire, and forms a very strong weld,usually with minimal distortion.

However, it is not nearly as strong asthe base metal. In this case, there are relatively few problems associatedwith spot welding before the final weld.There are more options for welding tee joints with high energy density devices, such as the laser and electron beam. One option is to weldin a manner similar to that used in low energy density processes, alongthe joint. However, rather than simply welding on the surface, the beampenetrates deep into the piece, making a weld that can be comparable instrength to the base metal, Unfortunately, this method tends to case moredistortion of the workpiece than low energy density methods. Weldingboth sides of the joint can help to correct this distortion, as well asstrengthen the weld.The second option when welding tee joints with a high energydensity beam is to weld through the top of the “T” and into the perpendicular.