Гурова Г.Г., Николаева Н.С. - Обучение разговорной речи и чтению литературы на английском языке по специальности Сварка (1058938), страница 5
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11. Welders must wear an approved helmet,gloves, and protective clothing.2.9. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attentionto the underlined words.1. Two pass welds up to 5/8-in. thick are made without root opening.2. The joint is backed sufficiently to prevent the welding compositionfrom flowing through the root opening. 3. If the root gap is maintainedconstant for the entire length of the seam, plate up to 3/4-in. can bewelded with square butt joints. 4. The work is then turned over and thefinishing weld is made. 5. A satisfactory method of getting the requiredpenetration of the finishing weld without excessive reinforcement is to26back gouge a groove 1/8 to 5/16-in.
deep in the top of the joint after thebacking weld has been made. 6. When gouging is used, no additionalpreparation or cleaning is needed except to remove any adhering slag.7. A backing weld is made on the reverse side of the joint. 8. The heataffected zone includes that portion of the base metal that has not beenmelted. 9.
However, the structural or mechanical properties of the metalhave been altered by the welding heat. 10. Metal thicknesses up to 76 cmhave been welded with this process.2.10. Match the two halves of the sentence fragments to make logical statements.1.
When the root opening exceeds 1/16-in.a) unless the joint is backed2. When gouging is usedb) using the square groove buttjoint without root openingand with suitable backing3. Two pass welds up to 5/8-in.thickc) plate up to 3/4-in. can bewelded with square butt joints4. The advantage of the squaregroove butt jointd) the opening should be closelyfilled with submerged arcwelding flux ahead of theweld5.
The maximum root openingis approximately 1/8-in.e) is that it requires a minimum of edge preparation yetproduces good quality weldswith adequate penetration6. If the root gap is maintainedconstant for the entire lengthof the seamf) is a backing weld made onthe reverse side of the joint7. Good quality single passwelds up to 5/16-in. thickcan be madeg) because of the difficulty ofrefusing the welding flux atthe base of the first pass weld8. Weld reinforcementh) no additional preparation orcleaning is needed except toremove any adhering slag279. The first weld10.
The maximum permissibleroot opening is 1/32-in.i) are made without root openingj) can be controlled by adjustingthe root opening2.11. Answer the following questions.1. How can good quality single pass welds up to 5/16 inch thickbe made? 2. What limits this dimension and how can we overcome thislimitation? 3.
What parameters limit the thickness of this type of weldto 3/4 inch? 4. Why is it essential that the edges in two-pass weldsbe closely butted? 5. How can we prevent the welding compositionfrom flowing through the root opening? 6. What should be done if theroot opening exceeds 1/16 inch? 7. Why is the maximum root opening limited? 8. How does gouging simplify the process? 9. What is asatisfactory method of getting the required penetration of the finishingweld without excessive reinforcement? 10. What is the advantage of thesquare groove butt joint?2.12.
Make up a summary in English of the text “Square GrooveButt Joint Welds”.2.13. Project Work. Choose several plate thicknesses within theproper range and speak about joining these plates using the informationfrom the text and the Internet. You may simulate this process on yourcomputer (make up a presentation) and demonstrate the results to yourgroup-mates.2.14.
Read the text paying attention to the active vocabulary.Single-V Groove Butt Joint WeldsSingle-V Groove with Root Face is used with non-fusible backingfor single-pass butt welds of 5/16-in. or greater thickness. For mostindustrial applications, the maximum thickness isin the neighbourhood of 1–1/4 to 1–1/2-in. Theroot face has several advantages. The square edgessimplify assembly.Excellent penetration and reinforcement can beobtained and normal practical variations in voltage, current, welding28speed, and edge preparation cause minimum damage to the backing.Relatively small quantities of wire are used because V preparation givesthe desired penetration without excessive current and the volume of theV is considerably less than that required by other welding methods.With non-fusible backing, the root face dimension is 1/8 to 3/16-in.Root gap should not exceed 1/16-in. Fusible metallic backing is alsoused with this preparation with a root gap of at least 1/8-in.
The single-V groove butt joint with root face and without external backingis also used for two pass welds where plate thickness exceeds 5/8-in.The first weld, usually the larger, is the backing weld made in theV side of the joint; the work is then turned over and the finishingweld made on the flat side. The finishing weld penetrates down intoand refuses a portion of the backing weld to ensure complete penetration.The root face is approximately 3/8-in. for all commercially weldedplate thicknesses. The plate edges must be tightly butted (1/32-in.maximum gap) as with the square butt joint. When the welding composition is retained by a support below the joint, slightly greater root gapsare permissible; if the root gap exceeds 1/16-in., submerged arc weldingflux should be tamped into the gap ahead of the weld.The Single-V Groove without Root Face is commonly used fornearly all thicknesses when using submerged arc backing flux.
It is notcommonly used below 3/8-in. thickness since adequate penetration can be obtained for these thicknesses without bevelling. The single-V groove buttjoint without root face must always have weldbacking since the mass of metal at the joint rootis not sufficient to provide weld metal support. Reasonable misalignment in fit-up and variation in root gap can be tolerated when usingsubmerged arc backing flux because the granular material will shift toaccommodate them. Copper backing is not recommended because of thetendency of the weld metal to fuse to the backing piece.
Fusible metallicbacking is acceptable if there is no objection to its remaining as part ofthe completed weld.(2542)From http://www.esabna.com/EUWeb/SA_handbook/585sa2_28.htm292.15. Vocabulary to the text “Single-V Groove Butt Joint Welds”.Try to memorize the following words and word combinations:1) in the neighbourhood [ neıb@hUd] of — приблизительно;2) assembly [@ semblı], n — сборка;3) to cause [kO:z], v — вызывать, быть причиной;4) to turn over, v — переворачивать;5) to retain [rı teın], v — удерживать, сохранять;6) a support [s@ pO:t], n — суппорт; снабжение;7) slightly [ slaıtlı], adv — немного, слегка;8) bevelling — скашивание кромки, разделка кромок;9) reasonable [ ri:z(@)n@bl], adj — обоснованный;10) fit-up, n — сборка, соединение под сварку;11) to tolerate [ tl(@)reıt], v — допускать;12) to accommodate [@ km@deıt], v — приспосабливать(ся);13) to shift, v — передвигать(ся);14) acceptable [@k sept@bl], adj — приемлемый;15) an objection [@b ÃekS(@)n], n — возражение.Word Study2.16.
Read the words correctly. Consult the dictionary if necessary.Neighbourhood, advantages, variations, simplify, voltage, penetration, considerably, fusible, ensure, permissible, bevelling.2.17. Translate the following words into Russian paying attention tothe underlined prefixes.Misalignment, independent, disassembly, refuse, unbend, imperfect,misconnection, indissoluble, non-fusible, unfluxible, disconnection,impermeable, nonconsumable, indiffusible, disassociation, nonhardenable, uncoated, retest, rewelding, imporosity, discontinuity, nonmagnetic,ungrease, restrike, reprecipitation, disintegration, uncombined, removal,impure, unload, inexplosive, nonporous, dissociate, unshielded.2.18.
Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attentionto the underlined words.1. This joint type is to be used with non-fusible backing for singlepass butt welds of 5/16-in. or greater thickness. 2. For most industrialapplications, the maximum thickness is to be in the neighbourhood of1–1/4 to 1–1/2-in. 3. The purpose of the finishing weld is to ensure30a continuous weld structure throughout the plate thickness. 4.
Relatively small quantities of wire are to be used because V preparationgives the desired penetration. 5. Fusible metallic backing is to be usedwith this preparation with a root gap of at least 1/8-in. 6. The weldmetal is to be fused to the backing piece. 7. The backing is to be nonfusible to provide the root face dimension in the range from 1/8 to3/16-in. 8. The mass of metal at the joint root is not sufficient to provide weld metal support.
9. A satisfactory method of getting the requiredpenetration of the finishing weld without excessive reinforcement is toback gouge a groove 1/8 in. deep. 10. Copper backing is not to beused because of the tendency of the weld metal to fuse to the backingpiece.2.19. Fill in the gaps with the necessary prepositions.1. For most industrial applications, the maximumthickness is ... the neighbourhood ... 1–1/4 to1–1/2-in.a) without2. With non-fusible backing, the root face dimensionis 1/8 to 3/16-in.b) since3. the work is turned ... and the finishing weld madeon the flat sidec) as4.
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