М.А. Амелина - Конспект лекций по курсу - Компьютерный анализ и синтез электронных устройств, страница 13

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ȺɄɈ (A Kind Of) ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɫɵɥɤɚ ɧɚ ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɚ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ. Ɍɢɩ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ <ɢɦɟɧɟɦ ɬɢɩɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ>, ɤɚɤ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 2.4.Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.4. Ɍɢɩ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɂɦɹ ɬɢɩɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢRES50Ɍɢɩ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚȻɨɛɦɩɞɩɝɶɠ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭɶɊɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɆ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɦɟɥɢɧɚ03.03.2006ɫɬɪ. 51 ɢɡ 135ɋȺɊCOREINDDGASFETIGBTNPNPNPLPNPNJFPJFNMOSPMOSTRNVSWITCHISWITCHɈɊȺ*PUL*SIN*ɄɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɆɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚɂɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶȾɢɨɞȺɪɫɟɧɢɞ-ɝɚɥɥɢɟɜɵɣ ɩɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɫ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɦ n-ɬɢɩɚȻɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɫ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɨɦȻɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɣ n–ɪ–n-ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪȻɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɪ–n–p-ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪȻɨɤɨɜɨɣ ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɪ–n–p-ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɉɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɫ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɦ n-ɬɢɩɚɉɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɫ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɦ ɪ-ɬɢɩɚɆɈɉ-ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɫ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɦ n-ɬɢɩɚɆɈɉ-ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɫ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɦ ɪ-ɬɢɩɚɅɢɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢɄɥɸɱ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦɄɥɸɱ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɬɨɤɨɦɈɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚɎɬɭɫɩɤɬɭɝɛ ɣɨɭɠɫɯɠɤɬɛDINPUTȺɧɚɥɨɝɨ-ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫDOUTPUTɐɢɮɪɨɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɑɣɯɫɩɝɶɠ ɮɬɭɫɩɤɬɭɝɛUADCȺɧɚɥɨɝɨ-ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶUDACɐɢɮɪɨɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶUIOɆɨɞɟɥɶ ɜɯɨɞɚ/ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚUGATEɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶUTGATEȼɟɧɬɢɥɶ ɫ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɦɢUBTGȾɜɭɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶUEFFɌɪɢɝɝɟɪ ɫ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦUGFFɌɪɢɝɝɟɪ ɫ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦUDLYɐɢɮɪɨɜɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢUPLDɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ* ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɜɨɞɟ ɫɯɟɦȼ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɟ .MODEL ɜ ɤɪɭɝɥɵɯ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɯ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ (ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨɬ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢɥɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ, ɬɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ).

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɷɬɨɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ:.MODEL RLOAD RES (R=1.5 TC1=0.2 TC2=.005).MODEL D104D(IS=1E-10).MODEL KT315V NPN (IS=1E-11 BF=50 DEV=5% LOT=20%).MODEL CK CAP (C=1 DEV=0.1).MODEL KT315G AKO:KT315A NPN (BF=130).MODEL M1 NMOS (Level=3 VTO=2.5 LOT=30% DEV=1%)Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɡɚɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ:DEV — ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ;51D:\Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ MC8\MC8_V1_2.DOCLOT — ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɛɪɨɫɚ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɜ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚɯ. Ɍɢɩ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ — ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ — ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɵ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɟ.OPTIONS TNOM.

ȼ ɟɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ TNOM, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɦɭ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ Global Settings (ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ 27° ɋ). Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɨ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɟ TEMP (ɜ ɟɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ TNOM..NODESET — ɢɛɟɛɨɣɠ ɨɛɲɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɜɦɣɡɠɨɣɺ ɫɠɡɣɧɛ ɪɩ ɪɩɬɭɩɺɨɨɩɧɮ ɭɩɥɮɎɨɪɦɚɬ (ɞɥɹ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ SPICE ɢɥɢ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɫɯɟɦ):.NODESET <V(ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɭɡɟɥ)=ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ_ɗȾɋ>*+ <D(ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ)=ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ_ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ>*ɉɨ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɟ .NODESET ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɭɡɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɫɯɟɦɵɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ.

ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ .IC ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɨɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ. ɗɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɫ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɦɢ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɨɜ) ɢ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɞɥɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ. ȿɫɥɢ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɟ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ .NODESET ɢ .IC, ɬɨ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚ .NODESET ɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ.ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ:.NODESET V(12)=3.1 V(34)=1.7V.NODESET V(7)=5 D(H1)=1.PARAMETERS — ɢɛɟɛɨɣɠ ɪɛɫɛɧɠɭɫɩɝ ɬɰɠɧɎɨɪɦɚɬ (ɞɥɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɫɯɟɦ):.PARAMETERS(<ɢɦɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ 1>[,<ɢɦɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ>]*)Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɞɟɥɶ. ɗɬɚ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ. ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɜɫɟ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɟɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ .DEFINE.ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ:.parameters(GBW,Slew,ISC).PARAMETERS(Gain)3.3.1.ɇɩɟɠɦɣ ɛɨɛɦɩɞɩɝɶɰ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭɩɝɉɜɴɣɠ ɬɝɠɟɠɨɣɺ ɩ ɧɩɟɠɦɺɰ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭɩɝȼɫɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ (ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ), ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ, ɢɦɟɸɬ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ:1.

ȼɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ, ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɵ, ɞɢɨɞɵ, ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ, ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ, ɜɟɧɬɢɥɢ ɢ ɞɪ.,52Ɇ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɦɟɥɢɧɚ03.03.2006ɫɬɪ. 53 ɢɡ 135ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɵ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ; ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ;2. Ɇɚɤɪɨɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɸ ɢɡ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ.ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ:• ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɦɚɥɵɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ – ɬɪɟɦɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɧɟɜɢɞɢɦɵɦɢ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɡɚɝɪɨɦɨɠɞɚɬɶ ɱɟɪɬɟɠ);• ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɡɚɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ 52 ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ).ȼ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ MC8 ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɨɹɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ: ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɚ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ SPICE.

Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɢɯ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ ɢ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɫɯɟɦɟ — ɬɚɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɦɢ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ ɫɯɟɦ. Ɉɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜ .MODEL ɢ .SUBCKT ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ SPICE — ɢɯ ɬɚɤ ɢɛɭɞɟɦ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɦɢ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ SPICE.

ȼ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ MC8 ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ, ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɨɜ, ɥɢɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ SPICE. ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɢɯ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ (ɩɪɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɦ. [4]), ɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ ɫɯɟɦ MC8 ɨɩɢɲɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ.3.2.Ɋɛɬɬɣɝɨɶɠ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭɶ (Passive components)ȼ ɦɟɧɸ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ (Passive components) ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ, ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɵ, ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɥɢɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɵ,ɜɡɚɢɦɧɵɟ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɢɨɞɵ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɬɪɨɧɵ.Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɦ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɟɦɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɦ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɭɡɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ, ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɡɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɜɟɬɜɟɣ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ (ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ PSpice ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ, ɡɞɟɫɶ MicroCAP ɹɜɧɨɥɢɞɢɪɭɟɬ).3.2.1.ɋɠɢɣɬɭɩɫ (Resistor)Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ ɆIɋROCAP-7:Ⱥɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ>;ɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟȺɬɪɢɛɭɬ VALUE: <ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ> [Ɍɋ=<Ɍɋ1>[,<Ɍɋ2>]];ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹȺɬɪɢɛɭɬ MODEL: [ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ]Ⱥɬɪɢɛɭɬ FREQ: [<ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ>] — ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ 10*f*v(10), ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ FREQɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ VALUE ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢȺɋ-ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (ɡɞɟɫɶ f — ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ), ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɪɚɜɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ VALUE;53D:\Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ MC8\MC8_V1_2.DOCSLIDER_MIN — ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɠɢɦɟ Dynamic DC ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɜɢɠɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ;SLIDER_MAX — ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɠɢɦɟ Dynamic DC ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɜɢɠɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ;ɋɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɨɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ <ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ>, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɱɢɫɥɨɦɢɥɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɦ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ100+V(10)*2.

ɗɬɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. ȼɪɟɠɢɦɟ Ⱥɋ ɷɬɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭɬɨɤɭ.Ɋɢɫ. 3.1. Ɉɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ, ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɜ MicroCAP-8, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 3.1.Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3.1. ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɈɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟRɍɌ1ɍɌ254ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɆɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɣɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹɅɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹɄɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹɊɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɁɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ—1° C-10° C-20Ɇ.Ⱥ. ȺɦɟɥɢɧɚɍɌɀNMT_MEASUREDT_ABST_REL_GLOBALT_REL_LOCAL03.03.2006ɫɬɪ. 55 ɢɡ 135ɗɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹɆɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɭɦɚɌɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹȺɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɈɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɊɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ-ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɚ%/° C0—1°C°C°C———°C—ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ <ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ> ɨɩɭɳɟɧɨ, ɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɭ <ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ> ɜ Ɉɦɚɯ.

ȿɫɥɢ <ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ> ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɟ .MODEL ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ Ɍɋȿ, ɬɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɪɚɜɟɧTF = 1 + Ɍɋ1⋅ (Ɍ – TNOM)+TC2⋅ (T – TNOM)2;ɟɫɥɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ Ɍɋȿ ɭɤɚɡɚɧ, ɬɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɪɚɜɟɧTF =1,01TCE(T-TNOM) .Ɂɞɟɫɶ Ɍ — ɬɟɤɭɳɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ (ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɟ .TEMP); TNOM =27 °ɋ — ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ (ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ Global Settings).ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ <ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ> ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɧɭɥɸ. ɋɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ:<ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ>*R*ɌF*ɆF,ɝɞɟ ɆF=1±<ɪɚɡɛɪɨɫ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚɯ, DEV ɢɥɢ LOT>/100.ɋɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ɇɚɣɤɜɢɫɬɚ:Si(f)=4kT/<ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ>*NM.Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ ɫ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ɛɟɪɟɬɫɹ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ.3.2.2.Ʌɩɨɟɠɨɬɛɭɩɫ (Capacitor)Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ ɆIɋROCAP:Ⱥɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ>Ⱥɬɪɢɛɭɬ VALUE: <ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ> [IC=< ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ>]Ⱥɬɪɢɛɭɬ MODEL: [ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ]Ⱥɬɪɢɛɭɬ FREQ: [<ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ>] — ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ 10*SQRT(f), ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚFREQ ɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ VALUE ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ Ⱥɋ-ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (ɡɞɟɫɶ f — ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ), ɩɪɢɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ VALUE.ȿɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ <ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ>, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɢɥɢɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɟ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ100+V(10)*0.002*TIME.

ɗɬɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. ȼ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ Ⱥɋ ɷɬɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɩɨɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ.55D:\Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ MC8\MC8_V1_2.DOCɊɢɫ. 3.2. Ɉɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 3.2.Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3.2. ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚɈɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɌVC1VC2Ɇɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɣ ɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɶ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɅɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹɄɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹɅɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɄɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɌɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹȺɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɈɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɊɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ-ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɚɍɌ1ɍɌ2T_MEASUREDT_ABST_REL_GLOBALT_REL_LOCALɊɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ—ȼ–1ȼ–2Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ100° ɋ–10° ɋ–20°ɋ°ɋ°ɋ———°ɋ—ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ <ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ> ɨɩɭɳɟɧɨ, ɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɭ<ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ> ɜ ɮɚɪɚɞɚɯ, ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ<ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ>⋅ ɋ⋅ (1 +VC⋅ V+VC2⋅ V2)[1 +TC1⋅ (T-TNOM)+TC2⋅ (T-TNOM)2].56Ɇ.Ⱥ.