Цайтлер И.В., Курчаткина Г.П. Обучение чтению литературы по специальности Системы автоматического управления (2006) (Цайтлер И.В., Курчаткина Г.П. Обучение чтению литературы по специальности "Системы автоматического управления" (2006)), страница 6

Repeat from step 1 if necessary.10. Choose hardware and software and implement the controller.11. Tune the controller on-line if necessary.TASK 21. Translate the text with a dictionary.TEXT 3C. Design of an X-Y PlotterMany physical phenomena are characterized by parameters that aretransient or slowly varying. If these changes can be recorded, they canbe examined at leisure and stored for future reference or comparison.

Toaccomplish this recording, a number of electro-mechanical instrumentshave been developed, among them the X-Y recorder. In this instrument,the displacement along the X-axis represents a variable of interest ortime, and the displacement along the Y-axis varies as a function of yetanother variable.Such recorders can be found in many laboratories recording experimental data such as changes in temperature, variations in transduceroutput levels, and stress versus applied strain, to name just a few.The purpose of a plotter is to accurately follow the input signal as itvaries.

We will consider the design of the movement of one axis, sincethe movement dynamics of both axes are identical. Thus we will strive30to control very accurately the position and the movement of the pen asit follows the input signal.In order to get accurate results, our goal is to achieve: 1) a step response with an overshoot of less than five percent and a settling timeless than 0.5 second; 2) a percentage steady-state error for a step equalto zero.

If we achieve these specifications, we will have a fast and accurate response.Since we wish to move the pen, we select a dc motor as the actuator. The feedback sensor will be a 500-line optical encoder. By detecting all state changes of the two-channel quadrature output of the encoder, 2000 encoder counts per revolution of the motor shaft can bedetected. This yields an encoder resolution of 0.001 inch at the pen tip.The encoder is mounted on the shaft of the motor. Since the encoderprovides digital data, it is compared with the input signal by using amicroprocessor. Next, we propose to use the difference signal calculated by the microprocessor as the error signal, and then use the microprocessor to calculate the necessary algorithm to obtain the designedcompensator. The output of the compensator is then converted to ananalog signal which will drive the motor.A minute for restI think and think, for months, for years, ninety-nine times the conclusion is false.

The hundredth time I am right. (Al. Einstein)Do you love life? Then don't waste time for that is the stuff life ismade of. (B. Franklin)Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. (Th. A. Edison)Experience is the name everyone gives to their mistakes. (O. Wilde)Essential Vocabularyactuatorn - исполнительный/приводной механизмadjust v - приспосабливать; регулировать; настраиватьto be inherent- быть присущим, неотъемлемымchallenge п — сложная задача, проблемаconceive v — понимать, представлять себеcontent п — содержание; содержимоеcontrolled variable - регулируемая величинаcontroller п - управляющее устройство; регуляторdepend on v - зависеть от31design specifications - технические нормы на проектированиеdifference signal - разностный сигналembody v - воплощать, осуществлятьemergence п - выход; появлениеengineering design — техническое проектированиеevaluate v - оцениватьexplicitly adv - ясно, точно, определенноgap п - расхождение, разницаimpose v - налагатьintermediate adj - промежуточныйintrinsic adj - присущий, свойственныйiterative-повторяющийсяiterative loop - итерационный циклlinear adj - линейныйto make a judgement - делать вывод, судитьovershoot n - перерегулированиеplotter n - графопостроитель, построитель кривыхresponses - выходной сигнал; реакция; откликsensor п - датчикsettling time - время установления сигналаspecifications п - технические условия/характеристики; требованияsteady-state error - статическая ошибкаtradeoff и - компромисс; выбор; альтернативаtradeoff v - поступиться чем-либоultimatelyadv- в конечном счете, в конце концовuncertainty п - неопределенность, неясностьunintended consequence- неожиданное последствиеСПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫАгабекян И.П., Коваленко П.И.

Английский для техническихвузов. Ростов-на-Дону: Феникс, 2005.Большой англо-русский политехнический словарь / Сост.: СМ.Баринов, А.Б. Борковский, В.А. Владимиров и др. М.: РУССО, 2006.Рубцова М.Г. Чтение и перевод английской научно-техническойлитературы: Лексико-граммат. справочник.

М.: Аст-рель; ACT, 2002.Кио B.C. Automatic Control Systems. 7th ed., New Jersey: PrenticeHall; Englewood Cliffs, 1995.Learn to read Science: Курс английского языка для аспирантов.Учеб. пособие. М.: Флинта; Наука, 2005.Levine W.S. The Control Handbook. Florida CRC Press; Boca Raton,1996.CONTENTSПредисловие ....................................................................................... 3UNIT1Text 1A. History of Automatic Control (Part I) .................................. 4Text IB.

History of Automatic Control (Part II) .................................. 7Text 1С. Control systems ...................................................................... 10A minute for rest ................................................................................... 11Essential Vocabulary ........................................................................... 12UNIT 2Text2A. Control Engineering Practice ................................................ 13Text 2B. Examples of Modern Control Systems .................................. 17Text 2C.

Automation ........................................................................... 20A minute for rest ................................................................................... 20Essential Vocabulary ........................................................................... 21UNIT3Text ЗА. Engineering Design .............................................................. 23Text3B.

Control Systems Design ........................................................ 27Text 3C. Design of an X -Y Plotter ..................................................... 30A minute for rest .................................................................................. 31Essential Vocabulary ...........................................................................

31Список литературы ............................................................................ 33.