A.J. Bard, L.R. Faulkner - Electrochemical methods - Fundamentals and Applications (794273), страница 12
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References to the older literature can be found in these and in the first edition.Monographs and reviews on particular subjects are listed in the appropriate chapter.We also list the journals in which papers relating to electrochemical methods arepublished regularly.1.6.1 Books and Monographs(a) General ElectrochemistryAlbery, W. J., "Electrode Kinetics," Clarendon, Oxford, 1975.Bockris, J. O'M., and A.
K. N. Reddy, "Modern Electrochemistry," Plenum, New York, 1970(2 volumes); 2nd ed., (Vol. 1) 1998.Christensen, P. A., and A. Hamnett, "Techniques and Mechanisms in Electrochemistry,"Blackie Academic and Professional, New York, 1994.Conway, В. Е., "Theory and Principles of Electrode Processes," Ronald, New York, 1965.Gileadi, E., "Electrode Kinetics for Chemists, Chemical Engineers, and Materials Scientists,"VCH, New York, 1993.Goodisman, J., "Electrochemistry: Theoretical Foundations, Quantum and Statistical Mechanics, Thermodynamics, the Solid State," Wiley, New York, 1987.Hamann, C. H., A.
Hamnett, and W. Vielstich, "Electrochemistry," Wiley-VCH, Weinheim,Germany, 1997.Koryta, J., J., Dvorak, and L. Kavan, "Principles of Electrochemistry," 2nd ed, Wiley, NewYork, 1993.Maclnnes, D. A., "The Principles of Electrochemistry," Dover, New York, 1961 (Correctedversion of 1947 edition).Newman, J. S., "Electrochemical Systems," 2nd ed., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ,1991.Oldham, К. В., and J. C.
Myland, "Fundamentals of Electrochemical Science," Academic,New York, 1994.Rieger, P. H., "Electrochemistry," 2nd ed., Chapman and Hall, New York, 1994.40 • Chapter 1. Introduction and Overview of Electrode ProcessesRubinstein, I., Ed., "Physical Electrochemistry: Principles, Methods, and Applications," Marcel Dekker, New York, 1995.Schmickler, W., "Interfacial Electrochemistry," Oxford University Press, New York, 1996.(b) ElectrochemicalMethodologyAdams, R. N., "Electrochemistry at Solid Electrodes," Marcel Dekker, New York, 1969.Delahay, P., "New Instrumental Methods in Electrochemistry," Interscience, New York,1954.Galus, Z., "Fundamentals of Electrochemical Analysis," 2nd ed, Wiley, New York, 1994.Gileadi, E., E. Kirowa-Eisner, and J.
Penciner, "Interfacial Electrochemistry—An Experimental Approach," Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1975.Kissinger, P. Т., and W. R. Heineman, Eds., "Laboratory Techniques in ElectroanalyticalChemistry," 2nd ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1996.Lingane, J. J., "Electroanalytical Chemistry," 2nd ed., Interscience, New York, 1958.Macdonald, D. D., "Transient Techniques in Electrochemistry," Plenum, New York, 1977.Sawyer, D. Т., A. Sobkowiak, and J. L. Roberts, Jr., "Electrochemistry for Chemists," 2nd ed.,Wiley, New York, 1995.Southampton Electrochemistry Group, "Instrumental Methods in Electrochemistry," Ellis Horwood, Chichester, UK, 1985.Vany sek, P., Ed., "Modern Techniques in Electroanalysis," Wiley, New York, 1996.(c) DescriptiveElectrochemistryBard, A.
J., and H. Lund, Eds., "Encyclopedia of the Electrochemistry of the Elements," Marcel Dekker, New York, 1973-1986, (16 volumes).Lund, H., and M. M. Baizer, "Organic Electrochemistry: an Introduction and Guide," 3rd ed.,Marcel Dekker, New York, 1991.Mann, С. К., and К. К. Barnes, "Electrochemical Reactions in Nonaqueous Systems," MarcelDekker, New York, 1970.(d) Compilations of Electrochemical DataBard, A.
J., R. Parsons, and J. Jordan, Eds., "Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solutions," Marcel Dekker, New York, 1985.Conway, В. Е., "Electrochemical Data," Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1952.Horvath, A. L., "Handbook of Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions: Physical Properties, Estimation,and Correlation Methods," Ellis Horwood, Chichester, UK, 1985.Janz, G. J., and R. P. T. Tomkins, "Nonaqueous Electrolytes Handbook," Academic, NewYork, 1972 (2 volumes).Meites, L., and P. Zuman, "Electrochemical Data," Wiley, New York, 1974.Meites, L., and P.
Zuman et al., "CRC Handbook Series in Organic Electrochemistry," (6 volumes) CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1977-1983.Meites, L., and P. Zuman et al., "CRC Handbook Series in Inorganic Electrochemistry," (8volumes), CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1980-1988.Parsons, R., "Handbook of Electrochemical Data," Butterworths, London, 1959.Zemaitis, J. F., D. M. Clark, M. Rafal, and N. C. Scrivner, "Handbook of Aqueous ElectrolyteThermodynamics: Theory and Applications," Design Institute for Physical Property Data (for theAmerican Institute of Chemical Engineers), New York, 1986.1.6 The Literature of Electrochemistry ^ 411.6.2Review SeriesA number of review series dealing with electrochemistry and related areas exist.
Volumes are published every year or few years and contain chapters written by authorities in particular subject15areas.Bard, A. J., Ed., (from Vol. 19 with I. Rubinstein), "Electroanalytical Chemistry," MarcelDekker, New York, 1966-1998, (20 volumes).Bockris, J.
O'M., and В. Е. Conway, et al., Eds., "Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry,"Plenum, New York, 1954-1997, (31 volumes).Delahay, P., and С W. Tobias (from Vol. 10, H. Gerischer and C. W. Tobias), Eds., "Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering," Wiley, New York, 1961-1984, (13volumes).Gerischer, H., C.W. Tobias, et al., Eds., "Advances in Electrochemical Science and Engineering," Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1990-1997, (5 volumes).Specialist Periodical Reports, "Electrochemistry," G. J. Hills (Vols. 1-3), H.
R. Thirsk (Vols.4-7), and D. Pletcher (Vols. 8-10) Senior Reporters, The Chemical Society, London, 1971-1985,(10 volumes).Steckhan, E., Ed., "Electrochemistry (Topics in Current Chemistry)," Springer, New York,1987-1997, (6 volumes).Yeager, E., J. O'M. Bockris, B. E. Conway, et al., Eds., "Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry," Plenum, New York, 1984, (10 volumes).Yeager, E., and A. J. Salkind, Eds., "Techniques of Electrochemistry," Wiley-Interscience,New York, 1972-1978, (3 volumes).Reviews on electrochemical topics also appear from time to time in the following:Accounts of Chemical Research, The American Chemical Society, Washington.Analytical Chemistry (Annual Reviews), The American Chemical Society, Washington.Annual Reviews of Physical Chemistry, Annual Reviews, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, from 1950.Chemical Reviews, The American Chemical Society, Washington.1.6.3JournalsThe following journals are primarily devoted to electrochemistry:Electroanalysis (1989-).Electrochimica Acta (1959-).Electrochemical and Solid State Letters (1998-)Electrochemistry Communications (1999-)Journal of Applied Electrochemistry (1971-).Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry (1959-).Journal of the Electrochemical Society (1902-).Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry (1997-).15Articles in the first three series listed below are cited in this book, and often elsewhere in the literature, injournal reference format with the abbreviations Electroanal.
С hem., Mod. Asp. Electrochem., and Adv.Electrochem. Electrochem. Engr., repectively. Note that the first should not be confused with /. ElectroanalChem.42 • Chapter 1. Introduction and Overview of Electrode Processes1.6.4World Wide WebA number of web pages contain bibliographies of books and chapters on electrochemical topics,simulation programs, information about societies, and meetings in the area of electrochemistry.Links to these pages, and other information of interest to readers of this book will be maintained athttp://www.wiley.com/college/bard.1.7 REFERENCES1.
L. R.Faulkner,/. Chem.Educ, 60,262(1983).2. L. R. Faulkner in "Physical Methods in ModernChemical Analysis," Vol. 3, T. Kuwana, Ed.,Academic, New York, 1983, pp. 137-248.3. P. Delahay, "New Instrumental Methods in Electrochemistry," Wiley-Interscience, New York,1954, p. 92 ff.4. See, for example, G. J. Hoytink, J. VanSchooten, E. de Boer, and W.
Aalbersberg, Rec.Trav- С him., 73, 355 (1954), for an applicationo f t h i s tvP e o f method to the study of reactionsC0Uled t 0 t h e r e d u c t i o n o f a r o m a t i cPhydrocarons*1.8 PROBLEMS1.1 Consider each of the following electrode-solution interfaces, and write the equation for the electrode reaction that occurs first when the potential is moved in (1) a negative direction and (2) a positive direction from the open-circuit potential. Next to each reaction write the approximate potentialfor the reaction in V vs. SCE (assuming the reaction is reversible).(a) Pt/Cu2+(0.01 M), Cd 2+ (0.01 M), H 2 SO 4 (1 M)(b) Pt/Sn2+(0.01 M), Sn 4+ (0.01 M), HC1(1 M)(c) Hg/Cd2+(0.01 M), Zn 2 + (0.01 M), HC1(1 M)1.2 For a rotating disk electrode, the treatment of steady-state, mass-transfer-controlled electrode reactions applies, where the mass-transfer coefficient is mo = 0.62DQ O)XI2 J>~ 1 / 6 .
Here, Do is the diffusion coefficient (cm2/s), со is the angular velocity of the disk (s" 1 ) (a) = 2irf, where/is thefrequency of rotation in revolutions per second), and v is the kinematic viscosity (v = r]/d, r\ = viscosity, and d = density; for aqueous solutions v ~ 0.010 cm2/s). A rotating disk electrode of area0.30 cm 2 is used for the reduction of 0.010 M F e 3 + to F e 2 + in 1 M H 2 SO 4 .
Given Do for F e 3 + at 5.2X 10~6 cm2/s, calculate the limiting current for the reduction for a disk rotation rate of 10 r/s. Include units on variables during calculation and give units of current in the answer.1.3 A solution of volume 50 cm 3 contains 2.0 X 10~3 M F e 3 + and 1.0 X 10" 3 M Sn 4 + in 1 M HC1.This solution is examined by voltammetry at a rotating platinum disk electrode of area 0.30 cm 2 . Atthe rotation rate employed, both F e 3 + and Sn 4 + have mass-transfer coefficients, m, of 10~2 cm/s.(a) Calculate the limiting current for the reduction of F e 3 + under these conditions, (b) A currentpotential scan is taken from +1.3 to -0.40 V vs. NHE.
Make a labeled, quantitatively correct,sketch of the i-E curve that would be obtained. Assume that no changes in the bulk concentrationsof F e 3 + and Sn 4 + occur during this scan and that all electrode reactions are nernstian.1.4 The conductivity of a 0.1 M KC1 solution is 0.013 fl~lcm~l at 25°C. (a) Calculate the solution resistance between two parallel planar platinum electrodes of 0.1 cm 2 area placed 3 cm apart in thissolution, (b) A reference electrode with a Luggin capillary is placed the following distances from aplanar platinum working electrode (A = 0.1 cm2) in 0.1 M KC1: 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 cm. What is Ru ineach case? (c) Repeat the calculations in part (b) for a spherical working electrode of the same area.[In parts (b) and (c) it is assumed that a large counter electrode is employed.]1.5 A 0.1 cm 2 electrode with Сд = 20 /xF/cm2 is subjected to a potential step under conditions where Rsis 1, 10, or 100 ft.
In each case, what is the time constant, and what is the time required for the double-layer charging to be 95% complete?1.8 Problems431.6 For the electrode in Problem 1.5, what nonfaradaic current will flow (neglecting any transients)when the electrode is subjected to linear sweeps at 0.02, 1, 20 V/s?1.7 Consider the nernstian half-reaction:A 3 + + 2e «± A +£° A 3+ / A + = -0.500 V vs. NHEThe i-E curve for a solution at 25°C containing 2.00 mM A 3 + and 1.00 mM A + in excess electrolyteshows //>c = 4.00 fJiA and //>a = -2.40 fiA.
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