Cloud Computing (794138), страница 2

Просмтор этого файла доступен только зарегистрированным пользователям. Но у нас супер быстрая регистрация: достаточно только электронной почты!

Текст из файла (страница 2)

Abuse

As with privately purchased hardware, crackers posing as legitimate customers can purchase the services of cloud computing for nefarious purposes. This includes password cracking and launching attacks using the purchased services. In 2009, a banking trojan illegally used the popular Amazon service as a command and control channel that issued software updates and malicious instructions to PCs that were infected by the malware.

Research

Many universities, vendors and government organizations are investing in research around the topic of cloud computing:

• In October 2007 the Academic Cloud Computing Initiative (ACCI) was announced as a multi-university project designed to enhance students' technical knowledge to address the challenges of cloud computing.

• In April 2009, the St Andrews Cloud Computing Co-laboratory was launched, focusing on research in the important new area of cloud computing. Unique in the UK, StACC aims to become an international centre of excellence for research and teaching in cloud computing and will provide advice and information to businesses interested in using cloud-based services.

• In June 2011, the Telecommunications Industry Association developed a Cloud Computing White Paper, to analyze the integration challenges and opportunities between cloud services and traditional U.S. telecommunications standards.

Sources

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing

http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/cloud-computing-good-or-bad-open-source

http://www.firstlinesoftware.com/solutions/cloud/

Summary

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing as a service rather than a product, whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices as a utility over a network.

Cloud computing provides computation, software, data access, and storage services that do not require end-user knowledge of the physical location and configuration of the system that delivers the services.

Most cloud computing infrastructures consist of services delivered through shared data-centers and appearing as a single point of access for consumers' computing needs. Commercial offerings may be required to meet service-level agreements (SLAs), but specific terms are less often negotiated by smaller companies.

Cloud computing exhibits the following key characteristics: agility, application programming interface, cost, device and location independence, multi-tenancy (centralization, peak-load capacity, utilization and efficiency), reliability, scalability and elasticity, performance, security, maintenance.

I would like to explain some of these characteristics:

• Application programming interface (API) provides accessibility to software that enables machines to interact with cloud software in the same way the user interface facilitates interaction between humans and computers.

• Multi-tenancy enables sharing of resources and costs across a large pool of users thus allowing for:

  • Centralization of infrastructure in locations with lower costs (such as real estate, electricity, etc.)

  • Peak-load capacity increases (users need not engineer for highest possible load-levels)

  • Utilization and efficiency improvements for systems that are often only 10–20% utilized.

• Reliability is improved if multiple redundant sites are used, which makes well-designed cloud computing suitable for business continuity and disaster recovery.

• Maintenance of cloud computing applications is easier, because they do not need to be installed on each user's computer. The maintenance is one of the most important parameters of cloud computing, because without this feature nobody will never start to use it.

Once an internet protocol connection is established among several computers, it is possible to share services within any one of the following layers: client, application, platform, infrastructure, server.

• There is four types of deployment models: public cloud, community cloud, hybrid cloud, private cloud. Public cloud describes cloud computing in the traditional mainstream sense.

• Community cloud shares infrastructure between several organizations from a specific community with common concerns (security, compliance, jurisdiction, etc.)

• Private cloud is infrastructure operated solely for a single organization, whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally.

• Hybrid cloud is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together, offering the benefits of multiple deployment models.

Cloud architecture, the systems architecture of the software systems involved in the delivery of cloud computing, typically involves multiple cloud components communicating with each other over a loose coupling mechanism such as a messaging queue.

Cloud computing has many important issues: privacy, open source, open standarts, security. Firstly, the privacy, the cloud model has been criticized by privacy advocates for the greater ease in which the companies hosting the cloud services control, and, thus, can monitor at will, lawfully or unlawfully, the communication and data stored between the user and the host company. Secondly, open-source software has provided the foundation for many cloud computing implementations. Thirdly, most cloud providers expose APIs that are typically well-documented (often under a Creative Commons license) but also unique to their implementation and thus not interoperable. And finally, security, as cloud computing is achieving increased popularity, concerns are being voiced about the security issues introduced through adoption of this new model. The effectiveness and efficiency of traditional protection mechanisms are being reconsidered as the characteristics of this innovative deployment model differ widely from those of traditional architectures.

At last, I would like to say that many universities, vendors and government organizations are investing in research around the topic of cloud computing

Характеристики

Список файлов учебной работы