Reading Essentials for Biology Glencoe (794133), страница 14
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exotic speciesWater Pollution Water pollution degrades, or damages, habitatsin streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans. Many different kinds of pollutants can harm the living things in these habitats. Examplesinclude detergents, fertilizers, and industrial chemicals that endup in streams and rivers.Land Pollution Land pollution comes in many forms. One formis chemicals used to kill plant pests. Many years ago DDT wasoften sprayed on food crops to control insects. Birds that ate theinsects, plants, or fish exposed to DDT had high levels of DDTin their bodies. The DDT passed from the birds to the predatorsthat ate them. Some of the predators, such as the bald eagle, laideggs with very thin shells because of the DDT in their bodies.The thin shells cracked easily and many of the eagle chicks died.The use of DDT was banned in the United States in 1972.Exotic Species Sometimes people bring new plants or animals toan ecosystem where these organisms have not lived before.
Inother words, these species are not native to the area. Such speciesare called exotic species. When they begin to live in a new area,they can upset the biodiversity in that ecosystem. For example,many years ago, goats were taken to Catalina Island off the coastof California.
There had never been goats on the island. As thegoats multiplied, they ate more and more of the plants on theisland. Eventually, 48 kinds of plants that used to be on the islandwere gone. They disappeared because the goats had eaten all ofthem. When exotic species are taken to a new area they can multiply quickly because they do not have natural predators in thenew area.◗ After You ReadMini Glossaryacid precipitation: rain, snow, sleet, or fog witha low pH, which causes damage to forests,lakes, statues, and buildingsbiodiversity: the variety of species in a particularareaedge effects: different environmental conditionsthat occur along the boundaries of a habitatendangered species: a species in which the number of individuals becomes so low thatextinction is possibleextinction: the disappearance of a species whenthe last of its members dieshabitat degradation: damage to a habitat by air,water, and land pollutionhabitat fragmentation: the separation of wilderness areas from other wilderness areasozone layer: a region of Earth’s atmospherebetween 15 km and 35 km altitudethreatened species: a species that is likely tobecome endangeredexotic species: species that are not native to anarea48Chapter 5READING ESSENTIALSCopyright © by Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.5.1NameDateClassSection5.1Vanishing Species, continued1.
Review the terms and their definitions in the Mini Glossary on page 48. Circle the termsthat refer to things that pose a threat to the biodiversity of an area.2. Use the outline to help you review this section. Use the question clues below and the headings in Read to Learn to fill in the blanks.I. Biological DiversityA. (What is it?) ________________________________________________________________________B.
(How is it measured?) _______________________________________________________________C. (Where is the highest biodiversity?) __________________________________________________II. Importance of BiodiversityA. (What is true of all living things?) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________B. (What can biodiversity bring to an ecosystem?) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________C.
(What benefit might preserving biodiversity bring humans in the future?) _________________________________________________________________________________________________III. ______________________________________________________________________________________Copyright © by Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.A. Extinction can occurB. Species can become endangered or threatenedIV.______________________________________________________________________________________A.
Habitat fragmentationB. Habitat degradation3. In Column 1 are some new concepts you learned about in this section. Column 2 gives oneexample of each concept. Write the letter from Column 2 on the line next to the conceptthat matches the example.Column 1Column 2_____1. habitat fragmentation_____2.
biodiversity_____3. extinct speciesd. a road splitting a forest in half_____4. land pollutione. triceratops dinosaurs_____5. habitat degradationa. all the species in an area of rain forestb. DDTc. acid precipitationVisit the Glencoe Science Web site at science.glencoe.com to findyour biology book and learn more about vanishing species.READING ESSENTIALSChapter 549NameDateClassSection5.2 Conservation of BiodiversitySC.D.2.4.1 The student understands the interconnectedness of the systems on Earth and the quality of life.SC.G.1.4.1 The student knows of the great diversity and interdependence of living things.◗ Before You ReadThis section discusses ways to keep plants and animals and their environments safe and healthy.
Onthe lines below, list things you do to keep a favorite plant or animal safe and healthy.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________◗ Read to LearnRestate theMain Point Highlight themain point in each paragraph.State each main point in yourown words.1.
What is conservationbiology?________________________________________________________________________50Chapter 5Conservation biology is the study and carrying out of ways toprotect biodiversity. Conservation biology develops ways to conserve, or save, species and natural resources. Natural resourcesare the parts of the environment that are needed by or useful toliving organisms. Sunlight, water, air, and plants and animals areall natural resources.
These must be thought of when any conservation activity is planned.Protecting Species and Habitats In the United States and inmany other countries, laws have been made to protect endangeredand threatened species.Habitats, the place where a species lives, must be protected,too. Many habitats have been protected by the creation of naturalpreserves and national parks. The United States has many nationalparks. Some examples are Yellowstone, Crater Lake, and BigBend National Parks.Habitat Corridors In some areas, habitat corridors are createdto connect wilderness areas that are separated from one another.Habitat corridors are protected strips of land that allow organisms to move from one wilderness area to another.
Research hasshown that these can help both animal and plant species toremain strong and be able to reproduce.READING ESSENTIALSCopyright © by Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Conservation BiologyNameDateClassSection5.2Conservation of Biodiversity, continuedHow do sustainable use programs protectecosystems and benefit people?Plants and animals that live in national parks must still be protected from harm. National parks in the United States and othercountries hire rangers to help protect all species in the parks.Some parks allow sustainable use of the natural resources in theparks. Sustainable use lets people use the natural resources inways that will benefit them and maintain the ecosystem.
Forexample, in some rain forests, people are allowed to harvest cropslike Brazil nuts that grow naturally. The people are able to sellthe nuts to make money while the ecosystem is maintained.Copyright © by Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.How do reintroduction programs work?Reintroduction programs can help save organisms that are indanger.
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