Wiley.Developing.Software.for.Symbian.OS.2nd.Edition.Dec.2007 (779887), страница 6
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This was important inthe beginning; the idea was for smartphone manufacturers to choosea reference platform that most closely matched their phone’s hardwarecharacteristics, and use that as a starting point for their own customizedUI layer. This indeed is what happened, and these reference platformswere the origin of the main flavors of Symbian OS you see today – S60,UIQ, and Series 80.Symbian OS no longer supports the original user interface referenceplatforms and the smartphone programmer has no contact with these atall.
Instead, the developer uses the software development kit (SDK) for theend platform supported by the phone. Also, there is no generic SymbianOS SDK for the developer – all core functionality is also included in theparticular platform SDK.Here are the major platforms for Symbian OS:Nokia S60The Nokia S60 (originally known as Series 60) user interface platformwas originally designed for lower-end smartphones with small displays(176 × 208) and limited user input, such as a numeric-style keyboardused to enter text.
This has changed in that S60 devices are gettingmore sophisticated, having larger displays, and even full keyboards.Nokia based S60 on the Symbian reference design known as Pearl,although Nokia did make significant modifications to it. S60 is apopular Symbian user interface. S60 is the most shipped platformfor Nokia smartphones. At the time of writing, over 100 million S60smartphones have been shipped.The Nokia E61, Nokia E90 Communicator, Nokia N76, Nokia N93and Nokia N95 are examples of phones that run S60 3rd Edition.Earlier S60 phones include the Nokia 6680, Nokia 7610 (which areS60 2nd Edition platforms) and Nokia 3650 (which is a S60 1st Editionplatform). At the time of going to press, the latest S60 smartphone tobe announced is the Nokia N81.Nokia also licenses the S60 platform to other manufacturers such asLenovo, LG, Panasonic, Samsung, and Siemens.
At the time of writing,SYMBIAN OS SMARTPHONES15the most recently announced S60 smartphone from a licensee is theSamsung SGH-i400.Nokia Series 80Series 80 is designed for Nokia phones known as communicators.These phones have a half VGA, landscape screen, a foldout keyboard,and hard buttons along the right side of the screen that have dynamicfunctions as defined by the application.
Series 80 is based on aSymbian OS reference design called Crystal. The Nokia 9210/9290and 9500/9300/9300i communicator devices use the Series 80 userinterface.Nokia is discontinuing Series 80; it will not use it in any new phonesgoing forward. Nokia now includes support for the communicatordevice form factor in the S60 3rd Edition platform. The Nokia E90 isthe first communicator device to use this S60 platform.UIQUIQ originated from a Symbian reference design known as Quartz.UIQ is owned, developed, maintained, and licensed by UIQ Technology AB. UIQ is designed for pen-based (i.e., touchscreen) smartphoneswith quarter VGA display and no keyboard.
A virtual screen keyboardand handwriting recognition is provided for user input.The Sony Ericsson P1i, W960i, W950i, P990i and M600i, and theMotorola MOTORIZR Z8, are examples of UIQ phones. These phonesare based on UIQ version 3, the newest UIQ version at the time ofthis writing. Earlier UIQ version 2 phones include the Sony EricssonP800/P900 and Motorola A920, A925, and A1000 smartphones.Note that originally, S60 was designed for one-handed operation,and UIQ for two-handed operation. This distinction has been blurred,however, since higher-end S60 phones now have full keyboards, andsome UIQ phones are now geared toward one-handed operation (e.g.,the MOTORIZR Z8).As mentioned, Symbian OS no longer supports or maintains theoriginal Pearl, Crystal, and Quartz reference platforms; however, theydo maintain an internal platform known as Techview. This UI isused and maintained internally by Symbian to validate development,and is the basis of Symbian’s Training SDKs.
Unlike the other UIs,the Training SDK does not support building for any target phonehardware.1.6 Symbian OS SmartphonesA large variety of Symbian smartphones are on the market today. Thesedevices have various feature sets so that users have a choice of whichsmartphones to buy based on what features are important to them – andwithin the price range they are willing to pay.16SMARTPHONES AND SYMBIAN OSFor example, there are smartphones that target music lovers, emphasizing high-quality audio playback and large storage capability for songsin addition to other smartphone functionality. There are also smartphonesthat target video enthusiasts, which include high-resolution cameras andvideo capture.
There are enterprise phones that contain large displaysand keyboards that are well suited for the business person on the go.Another example is TV-oriented smartphones that support DVB-H capability for high-quality video service. And of course, there many other,more general phones that contain a combination of these and otherfeatures.While Symbian OS powers many high- and medium-end smartphonemodels, another important – and big – market is the low-end, low-costphone market. Symbian has been concentrating on getting more into thismarket in recent years. For example, in 2006 Symbian announced newscalable pricing options for phone manufacturers that lower the cost oflicensing Symbian OS for high-volume smartphones.This section introduces three Symbian OS-based smartphones: theSony Ericsson P990i, Nokia N95, and Nokia 9300i Communicator.These phones are not necessarily representative of all Symbian OSsmartphones, since they are more on the high-end, but they showa good sampling of some of the features we have discussed in thischapter, as well as representing the different UI platforms describedin the last section.
To see a complete list of Symbian OS smartphones, reference the Symbian phones section of Symbian’s website(http://www.symbian.com/phones).1.6.1 Sony Ericsson P990iThe Sony Ericsson P990i (shown in Figure 1.1) is a pen-based smartphonethat uses the UIQ user interface. It has a 262K color, 240 × 320 pixeldisplay with touchscreen, and a small keyboard that flips out. The phonehas handwriting recognition, along with many pre-packaged organizerand game applications. The device plugs into a cradle that is connectedto a PC via USB for downloading applications and syncing user data.IR and Bluetooth technology are also supported.
The P990i has anintegrated 2 megapixel camera, and will record video also. The phonecontains a combination WAP/HTML browser, audio and video playback,email and SMS, as well as MMS. The device has 60 MB of internalmemory for storage and supports an external memory card to expandthis (a 64 MB memory card comes with the phone, but you can expandup to 4 GB).The P990i supports UMTS, making it a 3G phone. But note that dueto it using 2100 MHz for this, 3G for the P990i will not work in theUSA since the UTMS there is typically 850/1900 MHz.
The P990i alsosupports Wi-Fi and GSM 900, 1800, 1900 MHz and GPRS.SYMBIAN OS SMARTPHONESFigure 1.11.6.217The Sony Ericsson P990iNokia N95The Nokia N95 (shown in Figure 1.2) is a S60-based phone with a320 × 240 pixel, 16M color screen. Following the S60 model, this devicehas no touchscreen and two softkeys.The Nokia N95 is part of Nokia’s Nseries smartphone line, which areclassified as multimedia devices.
The phone has a high-resolution camera(5 megapixels), capable of taking both still pictures and video. The devicehas a high-quality audio player with stereo speakers capable of 3D soundeffects.The Nokia N95 also has GPS hardware built in, as well as maps.The device has maximum user storage of 160 MB and supports mini-SDmemory cards. The built-in software includes a combination WAP/HTMLbrowser and a media player, and it supports email, SMS and MMS, as wellas voice-over-IP. Connectivity to other devices is supported via Wi-Fi,Bluetooth technology, and IR, as well as USB.The Nokia N95 is a 3G phone that supports UMTS (2100 MHz) aswell as GPRS and EDGE. It supports GSM 850, 900, 1800, and 1900 aswell as Wi-Fi.18SMARTPHONES AND SYMBIAN OSFigure 1.2Nokia N95An example of a lower-end Nokia Nseries phone is the Nokia N75,released in the United States for AT&T.
The phone is a 3G flip-style phonewith many of the same features as the Nokia N95, but with no GPS orWi-Fi. Furthermore, its camera is a 2 megapixel camera instead of 5, andit has less memory. However, this phone is still powerful for the price.1.6.3 Nokia 9300i CommunicatorThe Nokia 9300i (shown in Figure 1.3) is one of the latest in Nokia’s highend series of phones, known as communicators. Communicators look liketraditional (although a bit heavier) cell phones, except that the case opensup into an easy-to-read landscape display and a QWERTY keyboard.
Thismakes them good for enterprise use. Communicators use the S80 SymbianOS user interface. They have a 640 × 200 pixel screen with 4K colors (nota touchscreen). The devices include a WAP and HTML browser as wellas email and SMS and MMS support. User input is via the hard keyboardand soft-labeled keys along the right side of the display.SYMBIAN OS SMARTPHONES19Figure 1.3 Nokia 9300iThe Nokia 9300i Communicator supports Wi-Fi as well as GPRS,EDGE, and HSCSD. It supports GSM 900/1800/1900. The Nokia 9300 isa version of the 9300i that does not have Wi-Fi.As mentioned earlier, Series 80 is discontinued, and the platform forcommunicators going forward is S60.
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