Language_Leader_Int_Binder (779738), страница 18
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By involving people in localgovernment decisions which affect them, wecan give people more responsibility for theirown local areas.Another new initiative is to establish atelephone support line for drug- and alcoholrelated problems. This service will allowanyone to call for advice at any time of theday or night. The service will be linked topolice community officers who will be able torespond rapidly to problems.These are two examples of work we aredoing in order to achieve our six targets overthe next three years. We all have a part toplay in making this strategy successful. Allthe groups involved in Safe Melchester aswell as every single resident of the city canwork together to create strongercommunities.
This will result in better livesfor everyone.Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education.All rights reserved.www.pearsonlongman.com/languageleader/2 Are the following statements true, false or ‘not given’?1Melchester has a higher crime rate than the average city in the UK.2People who live in Melchester believe it is a safe place to live.3The three-year strategy is part of a bigger plan.4Anti-social behaviour is one of the biggest problems in Melchester.5The strategies used to reduce crime in the past have not been successful.6Local people should help the local government make decisions about issues whichrelate to the community.7The telephone line for advice about alcohol and drugs will be free.8Everyone will have to work together to make the strategy work.3 What do the following numbers refer to in the text?threesix2015Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education.All rights reserved.www.pearsonlongman.com/languageleader/UNIT 12: READINGTEACHER’S NOTESAim:to give practice in identifying text types;to give practice in reading for specific information.This worksheet is designed to be used after Lesson 12.3.Time:20 to 30 minutesMaterials:photocopies of the worksheet for each student1Students select the most appropriate text type.1No.
The constant use of ‘we’ in the text is unlikely to be used in a newspaper report.This is not an investigation or discussion of a topic.No. This is giving information rather than a creative piece of text.Yes. The ‘we’ that is used throughout the article seems to be the voice of the localgovernment. It refers a lot to what ‘we’ are doing and these things seem to involvelots of different areas that local government (or local councils) work in.No. See the explanation for 3. It is unlikely that ‘we’ refers to the police. The policeare given as one example of a group that is involved in this plan.No. It seems to be written for local residents in the city. The focus of the informationis on how this strategy will help the community.23452Students decide if the statements are true, false or if the information is not given inthe text.1 False (para.
2)2 True (para. 2)3 True (para. 3)4 Not given (para. 4). Although it is one of the six targets, we don’t know if it is one of thebiggest problems.5 False (para. 6)6 True (para. 7)7 Not given (para. 8)8 True (para. 9)3three the three-year plan / strategy; statistics in the last three yearssix the plan has six main targets or aims20 the City Council has a plan to improve the city in the next 20 years15 the strategy hopes to reduce crimes of theft by 15% in the next three yearsCopyright © 2008 Pearson Education.All rights reserved.www.pearsonlongman.com/languageleader/Possible follow-up activitiesStudents research on the Internet to find information about local strategies in their homecities.
If none is available, they could look on local government websites of cities in the UK.All local government websites will have information about strategies which are being put inplace to counteract crime.Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education.All rights reserved.www.pearsonlongman.com/languageleader/UNIT 12: STUDY SKILLSSummarising1A good skill to develop is the ability to summarise a text or a section of a text inone or two sentences. If you can do this accurately and in your own words, itgenerally means that you have understood the text well.
The text below is anextract from an article in a political newspaper in the UK. Try to summarise it intwo sentences. Start with ‘According to Heatherstone...’People from many different political parties arestarting to realise that the statistics are hard toignore. It is clear that children in single-parentfamilies are much more likely to becomedependent on financial support from the state inlater life. In fact, statistically, those children wholive with only one parent have a 21.6% chanceof being financially dependent on the state oncethey reach the age of 21. This compares with a4.8% chance for children who grow up in astable family environment with married or cohabiting parents.This link between single-parent families andwelfare support is now understood. However,there is a more worrying link that is nowemerging.
Recent research has demonstratedthat there is a strong link between single-parentchildren and violent crime. Increasingly, peopleare starting to understand that the root of violentcrime may lie in the absence of a strongrelationship between both parents and the child.What other evidence supports these ideas?•In the last 20 years, the number of familiesabandoned by fathers has risen. As aresult1, teenage violent crime has risen.•Some neighbourhoods have large numbersof families which have been abandoned byfathers.
This has led to2 an increase injuvenile crime in these areas.•The increase in the number of singleparent children in certain3neighbourhoods has resulted in anincrease in anti-social behaviour.•The increase in aggressive and violentbehaviour by pre-school age children isthe result of4 increased numbers ofsingle-parent families.•Children from single-parent families aremore likely to form or join gangs. This isbecause5 they often feel alone and find itdifficult to form normal friendships withother children.The truth is that many parents are notproviding the loving and caring environmentthat our children need to become good6citizens. As a consequence , this has anegative effect on children and thecommunities they live in. In other words,many young people lack a sense ofconnection with their neighbourhood and thisis caused by an absence of love andguidance in the home environment.Therefore if we are to deal with the centralcauses of crime, we must stop the increasein single-parent families.By Simon HeatherstoneWriting skills: cause and effect2The phrases in the box are from the text.
These phrases are used to link twoideas in a cause and effect relationship. In what order do they link the ideas?Is it cause followed by effect or effect followed by cause?as a result1this has led to2this is because5as a consequence6cause–effecthas resulted in3is the result of4effect–causeas a resultCopyright © 2008 Pearson Education.All rights reserved.www.pearsonlongman.com/languageleader/UNIT 12: STUDY SKILLSTEACHER’S NOTESAim:Time:Materials:to give further practice in summarising a text;to give further practice in phrases used to express cause and effect;to raise awareness of the order of ideas in cause and effect phrases.This worksheet is designed to be used after Lesson 12.5.30 to 60 minutesphotocopies of the worksheet for each studentSummarising1Students try writing a short summary of the text.
This is an example answer. Thereare a number of possible variations.According to Heatherstone, as well as being more likely to be financially supported by thestate when they are older, children who live with one parent have a higher chance ofbecoming involved in criminal activity. To tackle the breakdown in communities and therise in crime, we must work to keep more families together.Writing skills: cause and effect2It is important to identify the order in which ideas are presented when using phrases toexpress cause and effect relationships. This exercise seeks to raise awareness of thisand give practice in identifying the order of ideas.cause–effecteffect–causeas a resultis the result ofthis has led tothis is becausehas resulted inas a consequencePossible follow-up activities1Brainstorm further phrases of cause and effect and decide whether they are cause–effect or effect–cause.2Set up a discussion activity based on the opinions given in the text.
This is a fairlystrong opinion-based article. As such, it should form a good topic of discussion. It canalso be used to spark a more general discussion about the causes of juvenile crime.Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education.All rights reserved.www.pearsonlongman.com/languageleader/.
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