Rohsenow W., Hartnett J., Young Cho. Handbook of Heat Transfer (776121), страница 95
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Res., (27): 355-365, 1973.301. S. Kakaq, R. K. Shah, and W. Aung, Handbook of Single-Phase Convective Heat Transfer, WileyInterscience, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1987.CHAPTER 6FORCED CONVECTION,EXTERNAL FLOWSM. W. RubesinRetired, Ames Research CentermNASAM. InouyeRetired, Ames Research CentermNASAR G. ParikhBoeing Commercial Airplane GroupINTRODUCTIONIn the current era of large electronic computers, many complex problems in convection arebeing solved precisely by numerical solution of equations expressing basic principles. Keeninsight into the fine points of such problems, however, requires extensive parametric studiesthat consume computer time, and therefore the numerical approach is usually applied only toa few examples. Further, these numerical programs may occupy so much computer storagespace that their use as subroutines within generalized systems studies becomes impractical.Thus there still exists a need for general formulas and data correlations that can be used inpreliminary design, in systems studies where convection is only one of many inputs, in creativedesign where inventiveness is based on understanding the influences of the variables of aproblem, and in verifying computer codes for convective heat transfer to complex bodies.
Thischapter provides many of these tools for the case of forced convection over simple bodies.Specifically, theoretical equations and correlations of data are presented for evaluating thelocal rate of heat transfer between the surface of a body and an encompassing fluid at different temperatures and in relative motion. Forced convection requires either that the fluid bepumped past the body, as for a model in a wind tunnel, or the body be propelled through thefluid, as an aircraft in the atmosphere. The methods presented apply equally to either situation when velocities are expressed relative to the body. Gravity forces are usually negligibleunder these conditions. Further, the contents of this chapter are confined to those conditionswhere the fluid behaves as a continuum.The evaluation of forced convection to bodies has become a major problem in many aspectsof modern technology.
A few examples of applications include the following: thermally de-icingaircraft surfaces; turbine blade cooling; furnace tube bundles; and protecting high-performanceaircraft, missile nose cones, and reentry bodies from intense aerodynamic heating. Formulas forevaluating convective heat transfer rates are generally established through a combination oftheoretical analysis and experimentation. Analysis is almost universally based on boundary6.16.2CHAPTER SIXlayer theory--the mathematical solution of conservation equations of individual species, overallmass, momentum, and energy that are applicable to the thin region of fluid adjacent to the surfaces of bodies where the effects of shear, heat conduction, and species diffusion are controlling.Separated flows are not considered here.
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