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fear² v [T] 1 a word meaning to feel frightened or wor­ried that something bad may happen: Fearing another earthquake, local officials ordered an evacuation. \ fear that Einstein feared that other German scientists would build a nuclear bomb first. \ fear to do sth formal (=be afraid to do something) Women feared to go out at night. 2 fear the worst to think that the worst possible thing has happened or might happen: When Tom heard about the accident he immediately feared the worst. 3 to be afraid of someone and what they might do because they are very powerful: The general manager was greatly feared by all his subordinates. 4 fear for to feel worried about someone because you think they might be in dan­ger: fear for sb's safety/life Mary feared for her son's safety. /fear for sb\He feared for his children. 5 I fear formal used when telling someone that you think that something bad has happened or is true: I fear (that) I fear that we may be too late, Holmes. \ I fear so/I fear not: "Is she very ill?" "I fear so." 6 fear not/never fear formal used to tell someone not to worry: Never fear, he'll be with us soon.

fear-ful adj 1 formal frightened that something might happen: [+ of] The defenders are fearful of another attack. \ fearful that fearful that the disease may strike again 2 BrE extremely bad be in a fearful state/condition/mess The room was in a fearful state. 3 old use [only before noun] frightening: fearful shapes in the darkness —fearfulness n [U]

fear-ful-ly adv 1 in a way that shows you are afraid: She glanced fearfully over her shoulder. 2 [+ adj/adv] old-fashioned extremely: She's fearfully clever.

fear-some adj very frightening to look at: a woman of fearsome dimensions (Longman dictionary)

Fear n.

1. 1. A feeling of agitation and anxiety caused by the presence or imminence of danger.

   2. A state or condition marked by this feeling: living in fear.

2. A feeling of disquiet or apprehension: a fear of looking foolish.

3. Extreme reverence or awe, as toward a supreme power.

4. A reason for dread or apprehension: Being alone is my greatest fear.

v. feared, fear·ing, fears v. tr.

1. To be afraid or frightened of.

2. To be uneasy or apprehensive about: feared the test results.

3. To be in awe of; revere.

4. To consider probable; expect: I fear you are wrong. I fear I have bad news for you.

5. Archaic. To feel fear within (oneself).

v. intr.

1. To be afraid.

2. To be uneasy or apprehensive.

[Middle English fer, from Old English f r, danger, sudden calamity.]

fear er n.

Synonyms: fear, fright, dread, terror, horror, panic, alarm, dismay, consternation, trepidation
These nouns denote the agitation and anxiety caused by the presence or imminence of danger. Fear is the most general term: “Fear is the parent of cruelty” (J.A. Froude). Fright is sudden, usually momentary, great fear: In my fright, I forgot to lock the door. Dread is strong fear, especially of what one is powerless to avoid: His dread of strangers kept him from socializing. Terror is intense, overpowering fear: “And now at the dead hour of the night, amid the dreadful silence of that old house, so strange a noise as this excited me to uncontrollable terror” (Edgar Allan Poe). Horror is a combination of fear and aversion or repugnance: Murder arouses widespread horror. Panic is sudden frantic fear, often groundless: The fire caused a panic among the horses. Alarm is fright aroused by the first realization of danger: I watched with alarm as the sky darkened. Dismay robs one of courage or the power to act effectively: The rumor of war caused universal dismay. Consternation is often paralyzing, characterized by confusion and helplessness: Consternation gripped the city as the invaders approached. Trepidation is dread characteristically marked by trembling or hesitancy: “They were... full of trepidation about things that were never likely to happen” (John Morley).

Word History: Old English f r, the ancestor of our word fear, meant “calamity, disaster,” but not the emotion engendered by such an event. This is in line with the meaning of the prehistoric Common Germanic word *f raz, “danger,” which is the source of words with similar senses in other Germanic languages, such as Old Saxon and Old High German f r, “ambush, danger,” and Old Icelandic f r, “treachery, damage.” Scholars have determined the form and meaning of Germanic *f raz by working backward from the forms and the meanings of its descendants. The most important cause of the change of meaning in the word fear was probably the existence in Old English of the related verb f ran, which meant “to terrify, take by surprise.” Fear is first recorded in Middle English with the sense “emotion of fear” in a work composed around 1290.

При просмотре словаря – тезауруса выявился следующий ряд синонимов:

860. FEAR.—'N. fear, timidity, diffidence, apprehensiveness, Tearfulness, solicitude, anxiety, care, apprehension, misgiving, mistrust, suspicion, qualm; hesitation.

trepidation, flutter, fear and trembling, perturbation, tremor, quivering, shaking, trembling, palpitation, nervousness, restless­ness, disquietude, funk [colloq.].

fright, alarm, dread, awe, terror, horror, dismay, consternation, panic, scare; stampede [of horses].

intimidation, bullying; terrorism, reign of terror; terrorist, bully.

V. fear, be afraid, apprehend, dread, distrust; hesitate, falter, funk [colloq.], cower, crouch, skulk, take fright, take alarm; start, wince, flinch, shy, shrink, fly.

tremble, shake, shiver, shudder, flutter, quake, quaver, quiver, quail.

frighten, fright, terrify, inspire (or excite) fear, bulldoze [colloq.], alarm, startle, scare, dismay, astound; awe, strike terror, appall, unman, petrify, horrify.

daunt, intimidate, cow, overawe, abash, deter, discourage; browbeat, bully, threaten, terrorize.

haunt, obsess, beset, besiege; prey (or weigh) on the mind.

Adj. afraid, frightened, alarmed, fearful, timid, timorous, nervous, diffident, fainthearted, tremulous, shaky, afraid of one's shadow, apprehensive; aghast, awe-struck, awe-stricken, horror-stricken, panic-stricken.

dreadful, alarming, redoubtable, perilous, dread, fell, dire, dire­ful, shocking, frightful, terrible, terrific, tremendous; horrid, horrible, ghastly, awful, awe-inspiring, revolting. (Roget’s Pocket thesaurus)

Fear.

N. fear, timidity, diffidence, want of confidence; apprehensiveness, fearfulness &c. adj.; solicitude, anxiety, care, apprehension, misgiving; feeze [obs3][U.S.]; mistrust &c. (doubt) 485; suspicion, qualm; hesitation &c. (irresolution) 605.

nervousness, restlessness &c. adj.; inquietude, disquietude, worry, concern; batophobia[obs3]; heartquake[obs3]; flutter, trepidation, fear and trembling, perturbation, tremor, quivering, shaking, trembling, throbbing heart, palpitation, ague fit, cold sweat; abject fear &c. (cowardice) 862; mortal funk, heartsinking[obs3], despondency; despair &c. 859.

fright; affright, affrightment[obs3]; boof alarm[obs3][U.S.], dread, awe, terror, horror, dismay, consternation, panic, scare, stampede [of horses]. intimidation, terrorism, reign of terror.

[Object of fear] bug bear, bugaboo; scarecrow; hobgoblin &c. (demon) 980; nightmare, Gorgon, mormo[obs3], ogre, Hurlothrumbo[obs3], raw head and bloody bones, fee-faw-fum, bete noire[Fr], enfant terrible[Fr]. alarmist &c. (coward) 862.

V. fear, stand in awe of; be afraid &c. adj.; have qualms &c. n.; apprehend, sit upon thorns, eye askance; distrust &c. (disbelieve) 485.

hesitate &c. (be irresolute) 605; falter, funk, cower, crouch; skulk &c. (cowardice) 862; let " I dare not" wait upon "I would "; take fright, take alarm; start, wince, flinch, shy, shrink; fly &c. (avoid) 623.

tremble, shake; shiver, shiver in one's shoes; shudder, flutter; shake like an aspen leaf, tremble like an aspen leaf, tremble all over; quake, quaver, quiver, quail.
grow pale, turn pale; blench, stand aghast; not dare to say one's soul is one's own.
inspire fear, excite fear, inspire awe, excite awe; raise aprehensions[obs3]; be in a daze, bulldoze [U. S.]; faze, feeze [obs3][U. S.]; give an alarm, raise an alarm, sound an alarm; alarm, startle, scare, cry " wolf," disquiet, dismay; fright, frighten, terrify; astound; fright from one's propriety; fright out of one's senses, fright out of one's wits, fright out of one's seven senses; awe; strike all of a heap, strike an awe into, strike terror; harrow up the soul, appall, unman, petrify, horrify; pile on the agony.

make one's flesh creep, make one's hair stand on end, make one's blood run cold, make one's teeth chatter; take away one's breath, stop one's breath; make one tremble &c.

haunt; prey on the mind, weigh on the mind.

put in fear, put in bodily fear; terrorize, intimidate, cow, daunt, overawe, abash, deter, discourage; browbeat, bully; threaten &c. 909.

Adj. fearing &c. v.; frightened &c. v.; in fear, in a fright &c. n.; haunted with the fear of &c. n.; afeard[obs3].

afraid, fearful; timid, timorous; nervous, diffident, coy, faint- hearted, tremulous, shaky, afraid of one's shadow, apprehensive, restless, fidgety; more frightened than hurt.

aghast; awe-stricken, horror-stricken, terror-stricken, panic- stricken, awestruck, awe-stricken, horror-struck; frightened to death, white as a sheet; pale, pale as a ghost, pale as death, pale as ashes; breathless, in hysterics.

inspiring fear &c. v.; alarming; formidable, redoubtable; perilous &c. (danger) 665; portentous; fearful; dread, dreadful; fell; dire, direful; shocking; terrible, terrific; tremendous; horrid, horrible, horrific; ghastly; awful, awe-inspiring; revolting &c. (painful) 830; Gorgonian.

Adv. in terrorem[Lat].

Int. "angels and ministers of grace defend us!" [Hamlet].

V. desire; wish, wish for; be desirous &c. adj. have a longing &c. n.; hope &c. 858.
Phr. ante tubam trepidat[Latin]; horresco referens[Latin], one's heart failing one, obstupui steteruntque comae et vox faucibus haesit [Lat][Vergil].
"a dagger of the mind " [Macbeth]; expertus metuit [Lat][Horace]; "fain would I climb but that I fear to fall" [Raleigh]; "fear is the parent of cruelty" [Froude]; "Gorgons and hydras and chimeras dire" [Paradise Lost]; omnia tuta timens [Latin][Vergil]; "our fears do make us traitors" <-- p[Macbeth]. 293

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