42998 (687256), страница 3
Текст из файла (страница 3)
The Predicate
The predicate is the member of a predication containing the mood and tense (or only mood) components of predicativity.
E. g. This dictionary employs a pronunciation that is easy to learn. (Thorndike).
I was thinking that Dinny has probably had no lunch. (Galsworthy).
I should hate to make you cry. (lb.).
The predicate can be a word or a syntactical word-morpheme. When it is a notional word, it is not only the structural but the notional predicate as well.
E. g. A picture often shows the meaning of a word more clearly than a description. (Witty).
When the predicate is a semi-notional verb or a syntactical word-morpheme, it is only a structural predicate and is usually connected with a notional word which makes the notional predicate.
E.g. He was strong enough for that. (Galsworthy). We can assist our oppressed brothers in South Africa in their struggle for freedom. (Daily Worker). Does anyone know of that but me? (Galsworthy).
Syntactically strong, assist and know are complements to the corresponding verbs.
Similarly, if we agree with A.I. Smirnitsky that have in I have friends is a semi-notional verb, we may consider friends as the notional predicate. But syntactically friends is a complement to the verb have.
As we have seen, predicates may be divided morphologically into words and word-morphemes, and semantically intonational, semi-notional and lexically empty (structural).
What is traditionally called a predicate is really the combination of the structural and the notional predicate. If we had a name for the combination, that would enable us to make the traditional analysis^ Let us then call the combination a communicative predicate. We may say then that communicative predicates are in accordance with their structure divided into 'simple' (consisting of one word) and 'compound' (of more than one word). According to their morphological composition they are divided into 'verbal' (must see', is to believe) and 'nominal' (is a student, became angry). As we see, the latter division depends on the complements as well as the division into process and qualifying predicates, which will be discussed in the corresponding chapter
When comparing the predicates in English and in Russian, we must first of all note the absence of syntactical word-morphemes used as predicates and the scarcity of morphological word-morphemes in Russian. So the division into structural and notional (parts of) predicates is not so essential in Russian as it is in English.
Secondly, there are many more sentences without finite verbs in Russian than in English. Он студент. Она больна. Ему холодно.
Thirdly, a Russian predication contains a predicate without a subject much more often than in English.
Complements
The verb in the sentence forms the greatest number of word-combinations. The adjuncts of all these combinations are united by the term complements. But the complements of a verb are so numerous and variegated that it is feasible to subdivide them into several groups correlated with the subclasses of verbs. As we know, verbs divide into notional, semi-notional and structural ones. We shall call the adjuncts of the latter two groups predicative complements (predicatives). Notional verbs are subdivided into objective and subjective. The common adjuncts of both groups will be termed adverbial complements (adverbials), those of objective verbs alone – objective complements (objects).
Conclusion
In the conclusion of my work, I would like to say some words according the done investigation. The main research was written in the main part of my course paper. So here I’ll give content of it with the description of question discussed in each paragraph.
The main part of my work consists of following items:
-
«The Sentence ». Here I gave the definition to the term sentence.
-
«Structure of English Sentence» , in this paragraph I described the structure of English sentence.
-
In the next paragraph «Parts of the Sentence» I described main parts of the sentence (subject and predicate), and secondary parts of the sentence.
Standing on such ground I will add that investigation in the questions dealt sentences in English and their types is not finished yet, so we will continue it while writing our qualification work.
I hope that my course paper will arise the sincere interest of students and teachers to the problem of adjectives in contemporary English.
Bibliography
-
B. Ilyish, The Structure of Modern English.
-
V.N. Zhigadlo, I.P. Ivanova, L.L. Iofik.» Modern English language» (Theoretical course grammar) Moscow, 1956 y.
-
Gordon E.M. The Use of adjectives in modern English.
-
М.М. Галииская. «Иностранные языки в высшей школе», вып. 3, М., 1964.
-
Г.Н. Воронцова. Очерки по грамматике английского языка. М., 1960
-
O. Jespersen. Essentials of English Grammar. N.Y., 1938
-
Иванова И.П., Бурлакова В.В., Почепцов Г.Г. Теоретическая грамматика современного английского языка. – М., 1981. – 285 c.
-
Ch. Barber. Linguistic change in Present-Day English. Edinburgh, 1964
-
The Structure of American English. New York, 1958.
-
World Book Encyclopedia Vol.1 NY. 1993 pp.298–299
-
Internet http://madrasati2010.bravehost.com/adj.htm
-
Internet http://www.vestnik.vsu.ru
-
Internet:http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs/theory.htm
-
Inbternet:http://www.englishlanguage.ru/main/verbs_mood.htm
![](https://s.studizba.com/z.php?f=/templates/si/i/noavatar.png&w=100&h=100&t=1"){kind=avatar}
