25715-1 (661474), страница 4
Текст из файла (страница 4)
This work was supported in part by a grant from the Russian Humanities Research Foundation, grant no 96-03-04089, and by a grant from the American Council of Teachers of Russian (ACTR). The sponsors bear no responsibility for the views expressed in this article.
Notes
-
Biopolitics-related subjects (particularly sociobiology) had been extensively discussed in Soviet papers (for instance, by R. S. Karpinskaya) before 1987. The word "biopolitics" was briefly mentioned in a paper by Karimsky published before 1987.
-
2 The staff members of this department are familiar with biopolitics, which was briefly described in one of the articles of the Political Science Dictionary published by them in 1994.
-
3 According to the legend, King Hiram employed a number of architects and construction workers to construct a new temple. The workers were classified by him into "novices", "helpers", and "masters", but this subdivision was neither profession-based, nor strictly hierarchical. They all had similar (as we would say, "overlapping") jobs, and the only reliable distinctive criterion was the specific secret password each of the worker types had. This password system, introduced by King Hiram, finally cost him his life, according to the legend. Three "helpers" decided to extort the "master" password from him without success. Then the three men inflicted severe injuries on him with their measuring tools (they struck him with a ruler, then with a compass, and finally with an iron triangle). The king died, and was glorified as a martyr by mystical thinkers, including masons.
References
-
Anderson, W. T. (1987). To Govern Evolution: Further Adventures of the Political Animal. Boston: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
-
Burgoon, M., Herton, J. K., and McCroskey, J. (1974). Small Group Communication: A Functional Approach. N. Y., Chicago, and San Francisco: Holt, Rinehard, and Winston.
-
Caldwell, L. K. (1964). "Biopolitics: Science, Ethics, and Public Policy". The Yale Review 54: 1-16.
-
Corning, P. A. (1983). The Synergism Hypothesis: A Theory of Progressive Evolution. N. Y.: McGraw-Hill.
-
Corning, P. A. (1987). "Evolution and Political Control: A Synopsis of General Theory of Politics". In Evolutionary Theory in Social Science. Dodercht et al., pp.127-170.
-
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. und Haas, H. (1985). "Sozialer Wohnbau und Umstrukturierung der Stadte aus biologischer Sicht. In Stadt und Lebensqualitat. Wien, pp.49-84.
-
Degler, C. (1991). In Search of Human Nature. New York: Oxford University Press.
-
Flohr, H. (1986). "Unsere biokulturelle Natur: fur die Beachtung der Biologie bei der Erklarung menschlichen Sozialverhaltens". In Menschliches Handeln und Sozialstrukturen. Opladen, pp. 43-65.
-
Flohr, H. and Tonnesmann, W. (1983). "Selbstverstandnis und Grundlagen der Biopolitics". In Biologie und Politik. Berlin und Hamburg: Paul Parey-Verlag, pp. 11-31.
-
Gruter, M. (1991). Law and the Mind. Biological Origins of Human Behavior. Newbury Park, L., and New Delhi: SAGE Publ.
-
Gusev, M. V. (1991) "On the Problem of Anthropocentrism and Biocentrism" In A. Vlavianos-Arvanitis, ed. Biopolitics -The Bio-Environment. Athens: B.I.O. vol.3, pp.391-394.
-
Gusev, M. V. (1994) "A Unitary Concept of Biological Education for Everyone". Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Ser. 16 (Biol.) No.3: 60-65.
-
Gusev, M. V., Oleskin, A. V., and Samuilov, V. D. (1991). Supraorganismic Structures in the Biopolitical Viewpoint. In A. Vlavianos-Arvanitis, ed. Biopolitics - The Bio-Environment . Athens: B.I.O., vol.3, pp.67-71.
-
Holzmann, M. E. (1984). "Social Dominance and Social Stimulation: Specific Problems and General Principles". In Systems Principles and Ethological Approaches in Population Research. Puschino, pp.108-134.
-
Kropotkin, P.A. (1918). Mutual Aid as a Factor of Evolution. Moscow.
-
Levine, J. H. (1984). Levine's Atlas of Corporate Interlocks. Hanover, N.H.: Worldnet.
-
Lorenz, K. (1966). On Aggression. L.: Methuen.
-
Maryanski, A. and Turner, J. H. (1992). The Social Cage. Human Nature and the Evolution of Society. Stanford (Calif.): Stanford University Press.
-
Masters, R. D. (1983). "The Biological Nature of the State". World Politics 35: 161-193.
-
Masters, R. D. (1989). The Nature of Politics. New Haven and L.: Yale University Press.
-
Masters, R. D. (1991) "Political Science" In M. Maxwell, ed. The Sociobiological
-
Imagination. Albany, N.Y.: SUNY Press, pp.141-156.
-
Masters, R. D., (1993). "Evolutionary Biology and the New Russia". J. Soc. Evol. Sys. 16: 243-246.
-
McGuire, M. T. (1982). "Social Dominance Relationships in Male Vervet Monkeys. A Possible Model for the Study of Dominance Relationships in Human Political Systems". Int. Polit. Sci. Rev. 3: 11-82.
-
Meyer, P. (1987) "Basic Structures in Human Action. On the Relevance of Biosocial Categories for Social Theory". In Evolutionary Theory in Social Science. Dodrecht et al., pp.1-22.
-
Nichols, T. (1996). "Russian Democracy and the Social Capital". Social Science Information. 35: 629-642.
-
Oleskin, A. V. (1993) "Supraorganismic-Level Interactions in Microbial Populations" Mikrobiologiya 63: 389-405.
-
Oleskin, A. V. (1994a). "Understanding Bios through Ourselves. New Concepts of Life". Rivista di Biologia 87: 105-111.
-
Oleskin, A. V. (1994b). "Social Behaviour of Microbial Populations". J. Basic. Microbiol. 34: 425-439.
-
Oleskin, A. V. (1994c). "Biopolitics. Part 1-3". Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Series 16 (Biol.). No. 2-4 (series of papers).
-
Oleskin, A. V. (1996). Making a New Case for Fission-Fusion Structures in Human Society. Social Science Information. 35: 619-627.
-
Peterson, S. (1991). "Human Ethology and Political Hierarchy: Is Democracy Feasible?" In A. Somit and R. Wildenmann, eds. Hierarchy and Democracy. Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, pp.63-78.
-
Schubert, G. (1983). "Evolutionary Politics". Western Polit. Quarterly 36: 175-193.
-
Schubert, G. (1986). "Primate Politics". Social Sci. Inform. 25: 647-686.
-
Schubert, G. and Masters, R. D., eds. (1994). Primate Politics. Lanham, N. Y., and L.
-
Schubert, J. (1991). "Hierarchy, Democracy, and Decision-Making in Small Groups". In A. Somit and R. Wildenmann, eds. Hierarchy and Democracy. Carbondale and Edwardswille: Southern Illinois University Press, pp.79-102.
-
Smith, B. and Danilenko, G., Eds. (1993). Law and Democracy in the New Russia. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
-
Somit, A. (1968). "Toward a More Biologically Oriented Political Science". Midwest J. Polit. Sci. 12: 550-567.
-
Somit, A. (1972). "Biopolitics". British J. Polit. Sci. 2: 209-238.
-
Somit, A. and Peterson, S. A. (1992). The Dynamics of Evolution: The Punctuated Equilibrium Debate in the Natural and Social Sciences. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
-
Somit, A. und Slagter, R. (1983). "Biopolitics: Heutiger Stand und weitere Entwicklung". In Politik und Biologie. Berlin und Hamburg: Paul Parey-Verlag, S.31-37.
-
Stander, P. E. (1992). "Cooperative Hunting in Lions: the Role of the Individuals". Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 22: 445-447.
-
Steinberg, J. (1976). Why Switzerland? Cambridge et al.: Cambridge University Press.
-
Vlavianos-Arvanitis, A. (1985). Biopolitics - Dimensions of Biology. Athens: B.I.O.
-
Vlavianos-Arvanitis, A. (1991). "Biopolitics International Organisation. Inter-national University for the Bio-Environment". Marine Pollution Bull. 23: 803-805.
-
Vlavianos-Arvanitis, A. and Oleskin, A. V. (1992). Biopolitics. The Bio-Environment. A Bio-Syllabus. Athens: B.I.O.
-
Wahlke, J. (1979) "Prebehavioralism in Political Science". American Political Science Review 73: 9-32.
-
Yergin, D. and Gustafson, T.(1993). Russia 2010. N. Y. Random House.
-
Zakharov, A. A. (1991). Community Organization in Ants. Moscow.: Nauka Publ. Co.
-
Zub, A. T. (1987). "Biopolitics: The Methodology of Social Biologism in Political Science". In The 8th International Congress on Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science. Moscow, vol.3, pp.114-148.
-
Zub, A. T. (1989) "Sociobiological Approaches to Some Problems of Social Theory" In Western Theoretical Sociology in the 80's. Moscow: INION AN SSSR, pp.96-124.
-
Zub, A. T. (1995) The Philosophical and Methodological Foundations of Biopolitics. Doctor of Science Dissertation. Moscow: Moscow State University.
-
Zub, A. T. and L'vov, I. G. (1992) "Power as Reflected in the Biopolitical Mirror". In Faces of Power. Moscow, pp.68-102.