Diplom (652224), страница 6
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2.6 Cooperating in the field of a uranium industry
Annually Kazakhstan extracts and sells about 3 % (1,5 thousand tons) from it Whole World of production. Production of the National company “Казатомпром” consumes Russia, USA, Western Europe, Southern Korea and other countries.
The company “Казатомпром” combines investigation, production and manufacture of uranium, and also accompanying rarely of elements. Into its structure go into: joint-stock company “Volkovgoelogy” one of highly professional in all CIS of the geological enterprises, joint-stock company “Stepgeology”. Three ore management “Central”, “Steppe”, “Sixth”.
The basic manufacturer of uranium fuel in Kazakhstan - Ulbinski a metal works. This versatile enterprise specializing on issue rarely metal and super conducting production, and also special material, used in an atomic industry, electron technology, instrument making, space engineering. The raw material - enriched uranium - is made in Kazakhstan or is delivered from Siberia, on Ulba make of it tablets and deliver them on the Russian factories, where make ready heat distributor of assembly for atomic power plants. Ulbinski the metal works occupies the important place in a nuclear-fuel cycle of Russia and Kazakhstan.
In the near past the nuclear -fuel complex of Russia and Kazakhstan made a single unit. To tear this line-up was it does not pay Russians, Kazakhstan.
Last years the Kazakhstan raw material in basic went on export, and the fuel tablets on Ulbinski factory were manufactured from the Russian raw material. Besides is acute there was a problem solvency. Russia paid for services by the consumer goods. An exit from the folded situation became the offer of the Kazakhstan side to the partners from Russian "«fuel element" of start-up of a new uranium line-up. As a result of the enterprise deliver each other necessary components, in particular from Kazakhstan in Russia - fuel tablets. The financial accounts between the countries are made at the end of a line-up in accordance with sale of products higher remake in the exterior market.
Within the framework of this cooperating, with the purposes of an ascertaining of the greater confidence the National company “Kazatomprom”, releases the gold share, which is transferred and gives it the right to superimpose the veto on such decisions of Kazakhstan,
As, for example, refusal to work in one nuclear-fuel cycle to not produce fuel tablets for Russian Atomic Electric Station or other irrational variations in the strategy and tactics of behavior in the market. In turn, Russia has given us assurances of a reliability and long term of the orders. It concerns uranium, but also tantalum raw material, beryllium etc. Durability of strategic interests of the sides by the plans on interchanging the shares Ulbinski factory on the similar shares of the enterprises of a nuclear -fuel cycle of Russia.
In October, 2000 the long-term contract for manufacture CJSC Ulbinski factory of dusts of uranium and fuel tablets for AES with their further annual delivering in Russian Federation up to 200 т of a dust and 300 т of tablets, on a period till 2005 inclusively is made.
Besides the arrangement on creation of the share enterprise on production of uranium on deposits “Zarechni and “Budenovski” in Southern Kazakhstan is reached.
Considering problems of integration of Russia and Kazakhstan, it is possible to conclude, that the activation of economic links between the countries directly depends on the decision of legal, political, economic and ecological problems precluding their more effective activity. The opportunities by wider attract in a long-term perspective appreciably depend on those political courses, which will be selected by both countries. According to our reckoning, the creation of the common market of Kazakhstan and Russia will allow to support steady solvency demand for production of real sectors of economy of the countries on the basis of the long-term target and selective contracts.
Thus, the necessity of effective economic interaction between the countries stipulates necessity of the further decision of existing problems and uses of every possible redundancy of premises of rise of manufacture.
3. involvement in international organizations, kazakhstan and russia
For anybody not a secret, that creation and the operation of regional systems of safety in Central Asia was called by the following basic reasons:
First, inability of the states becoming in plants of aggressive plans of the international terrorist architectures, appearing under Islamic by the slogans and using financial support international extremism of architectures to give them effective defense;
Secondly, double standards of the conducting countries of West, including USA, Great Britain, in a ratio of operations of a series of terrorist architectures considered by them as battle groups national fight for freedom of driving. By characteristic development of double standards was, for example, the refusal of the American authorities to satisfy the request Ministry of Foreign Affairs Peoples Republic Of China about output gripped in captivities in Afghanistan of hits - citizens of Peoples Republic of China Uygur of a nationality. A motivation: the Washington does not consider Driving for independence East Turkestan as terrorist architecture;
Thirdly, the anti Soviet moods, cultivated in West by decades, in a defined measure were transformed in anti Russian, especially to first half 90 years. Therefore warnings of Russia, states of Central Asia, closely face with operations of the international terrorist gangs in Chechnya, in Batken, about real consequences of their activity were not heard.
It would be possible to explain creation of military-aerial basses of USA in Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tadjikistan, Uzbekistan still by war against a condition taliban. But there is a question, why these basses began to be established as a matter of fact after completion of an active military phase of rout taliban of a condition. Moreover, arranging of basses air force of USA not only in Afghanistan, but also in Kyrgyzstan, and also Tajikistan bordering with China, on defined reflections. In particular, involuntarily there is an idea: whether can these basses hypothetically and in a defined situation to be used as basis of a dual purpose - not only against hits in Afghanistan, but also against China or even against Russia.
After September 11 and especially after an overthrow reactionary taliban of a condition in Afghanistan and ascertaining of the American military presence in Central Asia basic; in essence there is a consideration of an opportunity of cooperating of these architectures from USA, for, without the account of policy of Russia, China and USA and understanding of principles of a guard by these states of the national interests, it is impossible to explain a situation in sphere of a safety in region.
Whether such script of a development of events in next China is necessary to Kazakhstan and other countries of region.
Uniquely - is not present. The consequences of disorder USSR, as is known, have done without in tens thousand life and millions refugees.
The important element of regional cooperating is the effective military-engineering cooperating between the countries by the members DKNB. Today any country of Central Asia is not capable in the nearest perspective to refuse from former Soviet, so, present Russian weapon and military engineering. Hence, the key role of Russia in this direction will be saved.
The important element of regional cooperating is the effective military-engineering cooperating between the countries - members DKNB Today any country of Central Asia is not capable in the nearest perspective to refuse from former Soviet, so, presents Russian weapon and military engineering. Hence, the key role of Russia in this direction will be saved. Though other points of view take place also:
a) In opinion of the Uzbek experts, principal reason of an exit of Tashkent from DKNB was ostensibly refusal of the Russian side to sell to Uzbekistan necessary arms and military engineering, when the country has exposed to attacks of gangs of the international terrorists.
In these conditions of Uzbekistan forced to convert to active cooperating from USA;
b) In mass - media the hearings, on the one hand, are persistently spreader that Russia ostensibly is not interested in maintenance vehicle launching of Baikonur, recognizing schedule to transfer all rocket start-ups on vehicle launching or to realize start-ups from tropics, and with another - that vehicle launching of Baikonur to Kazakhstan anything, except for harm, does not bring.
Tragedy of September 11 and military action, which has followed behind it, of USA in Afghanistan by a radical image, have changed a situation in our region. In this connection experts of Kazakhstan Contract, being the member, of collective safety, expected, that the states the members DKNB will consult among themselves on all questions of the international safety, including regional, but, unfortunately, such has not taken place also it once again speaks that one of the reasons of an inefficiency DKNB is an existing level of ratios between Russia and other sides of the Contract. On my sight, on the one hand, Russia till now is not ready to equal in rights partner to ratios with the new independent states, and, with another - in the countries FSU of space the suspiciousness and uncertainty is still saved in what policy Russia will realize further.
Therefore, on my sight, the special urgency is acquired now by necessity of amplification of mutual confidence, openness, knowledge, first of all, between Kazakhstan and Russia having on FSU space the special level of ratios and the best premises for creation of allied ratios.
Thus, at folding geopolitical the structure of regional systems of safety is necessary different level. In particular, Kazakhstan and Russia should not wait of operations on the part of other countries of region, by a phantom of the dollar help, and actively be shaded slide on a path not only economic integration in frameworks EAEU (Euro-Asian Economic Union), but also development of systems of safety in frameworks DKNB.
Similar situation in a ratio of cooperating with China within the framework of the Shanghai architecture of cooperating in a direction of struggle with terrorism, extremism and separatism
Appearing on January 25 this year at the extended meeting of the principals of the executive authority Republic Of Kazakhstan, the President N.Nazarbayev has formulated seven tasks facing to government, including in the field of exterior policy.
January 25, 2002 in Almaty the third session Integration of committee EAEU (Euro-Asian Economic Union) has passed, on which 28 questions were considered, from which on 27 the decision is accepted. The totals of operation of this session, unfortunately, have appeared unfavorable:
a) The participants still were not defined, in what direction it is necessary to explicate cooperating;
b) Each participant wants first of all to defend the interests, instead of interests of the partners. Therefore, in particular, customs duties till now are not strip-chart unified to establish a condition of preference for mutual trade;
c) The countries EAEU (Euro-Asian Economic Union) tend in WTO, supposing already others, and very rigid, condition, not having matched the positions.
Nevertheless of Kazakhstan appears for a development EAEU (Euro-Asian Economic Union), and also others (organization structures with participation of Russia, as such policy in finished the score answers interests without dangerous of our country.
3.1 The Eurasian Union: Realities and Perspectives
For five years already Kazakhstan, Russia, and other post-Soviet states, most of which are united in the Commonwealth of Independent States, have developed in the situation of a new political reality as equal agents of the world order. But the process of the formation of new independent states and open democratic social systems has just begun.
Without going into detailed critique of the CIS, let us note that all its activities and all the bilateral and multilateral efforts of its member states clearly show that the time has come for a more effective, deep, and diverse integration of the countries involved - the kind of integration that would achieve a stabilization of the situation in the economy and ensure its development on a qualitatively new basis. This applies above all to the economies of Kazakhstan and Russia, which might become the engines of future integrative processes in the post-Soviet space. There are also quite a few issues pertaining to cooperation in the military-political, scientific-technological, humanitarian, and other spheres, which are awaiting their solution in the framework of a more effective integration model. The idea of the formation of the Eurasian union of states proposed by President Nazarbayev is precisely such a model; it organically combines both the existing realities and the objective needs of today and tomorrow.
Taking into account the differences between our countries in the levels of development of market economy, in the democratization of political processes, we propose to establish an additional integrative structure, the Eurasian Union, whose activities would be combined with those of the CIS. In doing so, the member states will take into account the diversity of integration scenarios and differences in the rate, form, and direction of CIS states’ development. Thus there is an urgent need for the formation of a new economic order in the CIS.
It can thus be said that the draft project for the formation of the EAU is in keeping with the natural aspirations of the peoples living in the post-Soviet space, the idea of new integration. The project has not only acquired a great many supporters but has also proved that it is realistic, urgent, and vital.
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