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TBILISI, GEORGIA

Private Sector and Human-resource Development in Georgia

Author: Lasha Martashvili

E-mail: lmg@bk.ru

(18.02.2004)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Government Policies 5

1.1 Government promotion policies of small and medium size enterprises 5

1.2 National Investment Agency of Georgia 5

1.3 Georgian Investment Center 5

1.2.1 Government’s Export Promotion Policy 6

1.2.2 Georgian Export Promotion Agency (GEPA) 9

1.4 Foreign Investment Promotion 14

1.3.1 Government’s Foreign Investment Promotion Policy 14

1.3.2 Foreign Investment Advisory Council (FIAC) 21

1.5 Tax Regime 23

1.3.3 Taxation System and Tax Rates in Georgia 23

1.3.4 Existing Taxation Practices 34

1.3.5 Tax Reform Areas 38

1.6 Legislative Basis for the Operation of the Private Companies 44

1.5.1 Law of Georgia on Entrepreneurs (LoE) (Corporate Law) 44

1.5.2 Law of Georgia on Securities Market (SML) 51

1.5.3 Employment Regulations in Georgia 57

1.5.4 Regulations about Real Estate in Georgia 59

1.7 The Business Environment in Georgia 61

1.8 Institutional Arrangements 64

1.3.1 Securities Industry 64

2. Society 65

2.1 Poverty issues 65

3. Economics 70

3.1 Main economic indicators 70

3.2 Agriculture 77

3.3 Trade 104

3.4 Construction 106

4. Business 110

4.1 Company Registration and Licensing System 110

4.1.1 Company Registration System 110

4.1.2 Company Licensing System 117

4.2 Local Enterprises 119

4.1.3 Joint Stock Companies traded at Georgian Stock Exchange 120

4.1.4 Joint Stock Companies not traded at Georgian Stock Exchange 132

4.3 Human-Resource Development in the Private Sector 134

5. Other Donors’ Activities 138

5.1 The World Bank and IMF 138

5.1.1 List of the Active World Bank Projects in Georgia 138

S – Satisfactory 138

U - Unsatisfactory 138

5.1.2 List of the Closed World Bank Projects in Georgia 139

5.1.3 Description of the Closed World Bank Projects in Georgia 140

5.1.4 The World Bank and IMF Cooperation in Georgia 149

5.1.5 The World Bank Country Assistance Strategy for Georgia 154

5.1.6 The World Bank Partners in Georgia 161

5.2 USAID 162

5.3 EBRD 162

5.4 EU 162

5.5 GTZ 163

5.6 CIDA 163

5.7 DFID 163

5.8 The Government of the Netherlands 163

5.9 IFAD 164

5.10 UNDP 164

5.11 UNICEF 164

Currency

(Exchange rate as of 01 Feb. 2004)

Currency Unit = Georgian Lari (GEL)

1 USD = 2.11 GEL 1.0 GEL = 0.47 USD

1. Government Policies

1. Government promotion policies of small and medium size enterprises

[To be described:] "Small and Medium Enterprise State Support Program for 2002 - 2004 in Georgia"

[To be described:] Law of Georgia "On Promotion of Small and Medium Enterprises"

1. National Investment Agency of Georgia

[To be described:] Law of Georgia "On National Investment Agency of Georgia"

[To be described:] Activities of the National Investment Agency of Georgia

1. Georgian Investment Center

1. [To be described:] Activities of the Georgian Investment CentreGovernment’s Export Promotion Policy

Foreign Trade Regimes. Reforms carried out in recent years in Georgia, including serious legal reforms, are working successfully to create a favourable foreign trade regime in the country. Since 1995 the following major reforms have taken place in Georgian legislation:

• The system of quotas has been eliminated.

• Products included in the nation's export embargo policy include only works of art and antiques and items of national historical importance.

• There is no customs duty for exports in Georgia.

• A fiscal policy aimed at stimulating exports has been introduced whereby all export goods are free of VAT and excise duty;

Export of goods requiring an export license have been reduced to the following classes:

Collections and collectors' pieces of zoological, botanical, mineral, anatomical, historical, archaeological, paleonthological, ethnographic or numismatic interest (HS - 9705);

Wood and timber (4401, 4403, 4404, 4406, 4407);

Seeds of Caucasus Pine (120999100);

Ferrous and non-ferrous metal scrap (7204, 7404, 7602).

The system of compulsory registration of foreign trade contracts was eliminated in November 1997.

The establishment of favourable trade regimes with partner countries through bilateral and multilateral agreements has commenced. During the period 1992 - 1998, Georgia signed trade agreements with 22 countries. Agreements on free trade have been signed with eight CIS countries and Georgia already has working free trade agreements with Russia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. Currently a multilateral agreement on CIS free trade zone is being enforced. According to these agreements signatories to the agreement need not use customs duties and taxes for exports or imports of the goods originated in the territory of one party and destined to the territory of the other party.

Furthermore, Georgia has become a part of several international conventions.

On October 6, 1999 Georgia became a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) which granted Georgia the status of the Most Favoured Nation with 135 WTO member countries. Through the mechanisms of this organisation, Georgia will be protected from discrimination, unfair competition, falsification and unjustified limitations.

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