43537 (571825), страница 2
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Завдання 12
Put the verbs in brackets into the Gerund or Infinitive
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I am looking forward to see you.
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We arrange meeting them here.
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I wish to see the manager.
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It’s no use to wait.
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Don’t forget to lock the door before going to bed.
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My mother told me not to speak to anyone about it.
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He tried to explain but she refused to listen.
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I’m beginning to understand what you mean.
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Most people prefer spending money to earning it.
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The boys like to play games but they hate to do lessons.
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I know my hair wants being out but I never have time to go to the hairdresser’s.
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After having heard the conditions I decided not to enter for the competition.
c)
1. If I had a map, I would have been all right.
2. If I had realized that the traffic lights were red, I should have stopped.
3. If I had been ready when he called, he would have taken me with him.
4. If you had arrived a little earlier, you would have found me there.
5. If you had prepared for the exam more thouroughly, you would have get a better mark.
6. The man would have been killed if the train hadn’t stopped quickly.
7. If I had been in your place, I should not have said this.
8. If he had known that the river was dangerous, he wouldn’t have tried to swim across it.
9. If he hadn’t lost his spectacles, he would have been able to finish this work in time.
10. I should have called you up yesterday if I had been in town.
d)
1. You’ll get pneumonia if you don’t change your wet clothes.
2. If she hadn’t changed so much, I should have recognized her.
3. If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which would you choose?
4. If you had read the instructions carefully, you wouldn’t have answered the wrong question.
5. If I had been ready when he called, he would have taken me with him.
6. If I had been you, I should have appologised to her.
7. We should have stayed at home if we had known he was coming.
8. They wouldn’t believe me if I told them this.
Завдання 13
The third factor of production is capital – the tools, equipment and factories used in production of goods and services. It is a produced factor of production, a durable input which is itself an output of the economy. For example, we build a textile factory and use it to produce shirts, or assemble a computer and then employ it in educating students.
As noted earlier, such items are also called capital goods. This is to distinguish them from financial capital, the money used to buy the tools and equipment used in production.
Capital is unique in that, it is the result of production. A bulldozer may be an example of capital goods used in construction. At the same time, it was manufactured in a factory which makes it the result of earlier production.
When the three inputs – land, labour and capital – are present, production or the process of creating goods and services, can take place. Even the production of the service called education requires the presence of land, labour and capital.
Entrepreneurship, the managerial or organizational skills needed by most firms to produce goods and services, is the fourth factor of production. The entrepreneur brings together the other three factors of production – land, labour and capital. When they are successful, entrepreneurs earn profits, the return or reward for the risks, innovative ideas and efforts put into the business. When they are not successful, they suffer losses.
Переклад
Третім фактором виробництва є капітал - інструменти, обладнання і фактори, що використовуються для виробництва товарів і послуг. Це виробничий фактор, тривале використання якого створює продукт економіки. Наприклад, ми будуємо текстильну фабрику з метою виробництва сорочок, або збираємо комп’ютер, а потім використовуємо його для навчання студентів.
На основі цього можна сказати, що такі фактори ми називаємо виробничим капіталом. Це відрізняє їх від фінансового капіталу, грошей, використаних для покупки інструментів та обладнання, що використовуються у виробництві.
Капітал унікальний тим, що він є результатом виробництва. Бульдозер може бути прикладом виробничого капіталу, що використовуються у виробництві. У той же час, він був виготовлений на фабриці, що робить його результатом попереднього виробництва.
Коли три фактори - земля, праця і капітал використовуються, виникає процес виробництва чи створення товарів та послуг. Навіть надання послуг вимагає використання землі, праці і капіталу.
Підприємницькі, управлінські чи організаційні здібності є необхідними на більшості підприємствах для того щоб виробляти товари чи надавати послуги, і вони є четвертим фактором виробництва. Підприємець об’єднує три фактори виробництва – землю, працю, капітал. Коли це поєднання є успішним, підприємці отримують прибуток, винагорода за ризик, інноваційні ідеї та зусилля, вкладені у бізнес. Коли це поєднання не є успішним, вони зазнають збитків.
Література
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Гапон Ю.А. Business English. Англійська мова для ділового спілкування. Інтенсивний курс. Навчальний посібник з англійської мови. – К.: Видавництво Європ. університету, 2004-230с.
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Богацкий И. С., Дюканова Н. М. Бизнес-курс английского языка. – 5-е изд., испр. – К.: «Логос», 2001. – 352 с.
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