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Monk – монах;

Cave – печера;

Medieval – середньовічний;

Craftsman – майстер, ремісник;

Treasure – скарб;

To raze – зруйнувати вщент;

Decline – занепад;

To wage wars – вести війни, воювати;

Warrior – воїн;

Community – об'єднання;

Tartar – татарин;

To obey – слухатися;

To remain – залишатися;

Independence – незалежність;

Embassy – посольство, місія;

To convoke – скликати;

Tsar – цар;

Participant – учасник;

To vow fidelity – присягати на вірність;

Consent – згода;

Treaty – угода.

4. Questions

1. When did Ukraine appear on the map of the world?

2. When did the ancestors of Ukrainians choose this land to live?

3. Which lands did Kyivska Rus include?

4. When did a cave monastery spring up?

5. When did the Tatar-Mongols capture Kyiv?

6. What did Cossack armies do to liberate Ukraine?

7. Who was Kyivo-Mohylyanska Academy founded by?

8. Who was the first President of Ukraine?

9. What does the word «Cossack» mean?

10. Where did they live?

11. Who was the leader of Cossacks?

12. Were the Cossacks brilliant horsemen?

13. Are there any Cossack regiments now?

14. When was the war of independence of the Ukrainians?

15. Who appealed to Russia for help?

16. Who headed Russian embassy?

17. What can you tell about March articles?

5. Answer the Questions

1. Ukraine appeared on the map of the world in 1991.

2. The ancestors of Ukrainians chose this land to live during the Trypilsky period several thousand years ago.

3. Kyivska Rus included Kyiv, Novgorod, Chernihov, Galich, Polotsk, Smolensk, Rostov, Suzdal and later Moscow.

4. Two monks settled in the caves under Kyiv hills in the 11th century. Soon a cave monastery sprang up there.

5. The Tatar-Mongols captured Kyiv in 1240.

6. In 1648 – 1654 Cossack armies, headed by Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky waged wars to liberate Ukraine.

7. Kyivo-Mohylyanska Academy founded by the Metropolitan Petro Mohyla in the 17th century.

8. Mykhaylo Hrushevsky was the 1st President of Ukraine.

9. The word «cossack» means a «free warrior».

10. Cossacks live in the southern steppes of Russia and in Ukraine, particularly near the great rivers Don and Dnipro.

11. Ataman was the leader of Cossacks. They followed and obeyed him so long as he remained a strong leader and led them to victory. He might not be able to read or write, but he must be a good fighter.

12. The Cossacks were brilliant horsemen as the Tartars were, and they learned many tricks of riding from their enemies.

13. Now, the Cossack regiments have been formed again, but they are no longer the free warrior of earlier times.

14. The war of independence took place in 1648 – 1654.

15. Bohdan Khmelnytsky appealed to Russia with the request to admit Ukraine as a part of Russia.

16. Russian embassy headed by boyarin Buturlin.

17. Political and judical status, of Ukraine was determined by the terms of the treaty — so called March articles.

6. List of Books

1. Andrushchenko V.L., Fedosov V.M. “Zaporozhian Sich as Ukrainian phenomenon”. – Kyiv, 1995.

2. Veruga V. “Essays from history of Ukraine (VIII – IX)”. – Lviv, 1996.

3. Grushevsky M. “History of Ukraine”. – Kyiv, 1998.

4. Doroshenko D. “History of Ukraine in persons (IX - XVIII)”. – Kyiv, 1993.

5. Golobutsky V. “Zaporozhian the cossacks”. – Kyiv, 1994.

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