Van Eyk, Dunn - Proteomic and Genomic Analysis of Cardiovascular Disease - 2003 (522919), страница 49
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However, it wasnot until 1995, that the term ‘proteome’, defined as the PROTEin complement ofa genOME, was first coined by Wilkins working as part of a collaborative team atMacquarie (Australia) and Sydney Universities (Australia) [4, 5].With the advent of rapid gene sequencing techniques, the genomes from nearly100 species have been completed at the time of writing and a total of more than600 genome sequencing projects are in progress (GOLD, Genomics Online Database, http://igweb.integratedgenomics.com/GOLD/). However, genomic information, though a powerful resource, does not attribute function to genes.
Althoughgenomic approaches provide information on all of the possible ways in which anorganism may express its genes, it does not provide insights into the ways inwhich an organism may modify its pattern of gene expression in response to particular conditions. In addition it is now apparent that one gene does not encode asingle protein, because of processes such as alternative mRNA splicing, RNA editing and post-translational protein modification. Therefore the functional complexity of an organism far exceeds that indicated by its genome sequence alone.To overcome this problem, gene expression can be studied directly either at themRNA level or at the protein level. Powerful techniques such as cDNA and oligonucleotide micro-arrays and serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) make rapidscreening of mRNA expression possible.
However, there is often a poor correlation between mRNA abundance and the quantity of the corresponding functionalprotein present within a cell [6, 7]. In addition concomitant co- and post-translational modification (PTM) events can result in a diversity of protein productsfrom a single open reading frame. These modifications can include phosphorylation, sulphation, glycosylation, hydroxylation, N-methylation, carboxymethylation,acetylation, prenylation and N-myristolation.Proteomic and Genomic Analysis of Cardiovascular Disease.Edited by Jennifer E.
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