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to deploy – использовать, употреблять

software – программное обеспечение

crystal clarity – кристальность (стекла, жидкости), абсолютная четкость/ясность изображения

overjoyed – очень довольный, счастливый, вне себя от радости

to pool – объединять в общий фонд

1. Before reading the text answer the questions: 1. When was NASA set up? Why? 2.What field of research does NASA concentrate on?

2. Read the text and find the answer to the questions below.

The Hubble Space Telescope

(Extracts from the journal of DK Munro, Astronomer)

I can hardly wait – tomorrow Hubble comes online and we will move into a new era of astronomy. Ever since Galileo identified the planets in the 17^th century we have looked at the stars and been disappointed. We have spent years looking for the best place to site our telescope, to minimize the distortion caused by the earth’s atmosphere, to find the clearest skies. Though telescopes have improved over the years, stars still appear to twinkle. We know that they don’t, it’s just the way the light comes into atmosphere. Now with a telescope in space we can see stars as they really are.

In a couple of hours, I will be able to see the first images from Hubble. All those years of planning – NASA and the European Space Agency have been working together for almost twenty years, beginning in the 1970s, and have pooled their resources to build this telescope. The space shuttle Discovery was deployed to put Hubble 600 kilometres above the earth. Any time now we can expect the clearest images of the moon, the planets and the stars.

I’ve just had a look at the first of Hubble’s images and all I can say is ‘Oh, dear!’ The pictures are no clearer than the ones taken through a telescope on earth. There seems to be a problem. Have we been wrong all this time and stars really twinkle? I don’t think so. There could be any number of reasons why Hubble’s images are out of focus. The people at NASA are checking the software, but it looks as if the problem is something to do with the mirror.

I’m hoping today will be a good day. The Shuttle arrives at Hubble and the astronauts will spend as much time as they can fixing the mirror. They have to fix the mirror so that it moves in and out to focus accurately. If they can do that, then we can try to look at the stars again and hopefully this time we’ll see them in crystal clarity.

At last, the astronauts have repaired the mirror and looking at images is just like being out there.

I wish Edwin Hubble could see these pictures. He was the scientist who first realized that the universe was expanding and would had been overjoyed to see the stars as clearly as I can see them now. Although Edwin Hubble expanded our outstanding of the universe, the telescope named after him will increase our knowledge of the planets, stars and galaxies we can now see properly.

1. Which project was run jointly by NASA and the European Space agency?

2. What place was chosen to site the Shuttle telescope?

3. What new technologies were deployed by investigators to get images from space?

4. What problem arose with the telescope? How was the problem solved?

5. Why was the telescope named after Edwin Hubble?

6. Could astronomers make new discoveries by using the Hubble telescope?

3. Read the text again and choose the best ending for the sentence.

1. Images of the stars are unclear because …

A of poor quality telescopes.

B stars twinkle.

C of the light coming into the atmosphere.

D the sky isn’t always clear.

2. Hubble was built …

A by the Americans.

B by the Europeans.

C over a 20 year period.

D in space.

3. A space shuttle …

A sent back clear images.

B launched the satellite.

C built the telescope.

D put Hubble into orbit.

4. There was a problem ….

A with Hubble’s mirror.

B with the Space Shuttle program.

C repairing the telescope.

D deploying the telescope.

5.Edwin Hubble was the first to ….

A notice that the universe was getting larger.

B say how old the universe is.

C discover new planets.

D see another universe.

4. Match the words with the definitions.

1 identify a. use something for a specific purpose

2 site b. get bigger

3 pool c. combine or share

4 deploy d. recognize someone or something

5 expand e. put something in a particular place

Writing

5. A New Telescope

Your friend has a new telescope. Write a letter asking him about it.

1. Use these notes to help you.

The new telescope – modern, size, price

What he can see with it stars, planets, the moon

If he can take photographs – camera, connect to computer

Can you use it? – send photos

2. Include some of these words and phrases such as: how much/far, can you, connect to, through, love to, show me.

APPENDIX

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS TO
Module 1 Education, Unit 2, Task 7

tuxedo – смокинг

Text 1

SOCIAL LIFE

In American high schools, there is often much interest in other students as there is in school subjects. You can see this when you look at a typical high school yearbook. It is written once a year by students in the twelfth grade. In the yearbook, there is a picture of each teacher and student. Other photos show teachers and students at football and basketball games, in class, at club meetings, or at school dances.

Choosing leaders is a large part of high school life. The children decide which students should direct school business and lead them in Student Council. This is a group of five or six students who talk to teachers about what happens at school. Once a month, some of the Student Council leaders go to a meeting of PTSA (Parent Teacher Student association). There they work with parents and teachers to make their school better.

For many students in American high schools, the important thing is making friends, being popular, and having a good social life. Many students go out together after school – to fast food restaurants, movies, or dances. One big social event that takes place in high schools is the ‘prom’ or school dance. The students go to the ‘prom’ in couples. The boys wear ‘tuxedos,’ and the girls wear beautiful dresses.

During the high school years, students make strong friendships. They remember high school friends and other students long after they finished school. So every ten years they come together. They have a special party with others from their graduating class. The graduating class is all the students who finished school the same year. At that big class party, students look at old yearbook photos and talk about what happened at school and what has happened since then. They often remember the high school years as the best years of their lives.

Text 2

cheer – одобрительное приветствие, восклицание, аплодисменты

SPORTS IN SCHOOL

Americans learn sports as part of their education. They learn two or more games, such as football or basketball. At high school, they choose groups of boys or girls to make teams. They choose those who are best at sport. These teams compete against teams from other schools. In many schools students learn wrestling, running, tennis, golf and swimming. They have teams for some of these sports, too.

Robert’s high school basketball team is very good. They have won the most games against other high school basketball teams in their state. Robert’s parents, friends, and teachers all travel with the team to other schools to watch them play.

Robert’s team practices often. The team meets every day after school, and two Saturdays a month. Sometimes Robert wishes he had more time to meet with his friends, and he doesn’t like getting up early on Saturdays. But most of the time he is happy to be on the team. He loves basketball, and enjoys playing against other schools.

The games between schools are often exciting. Other students, the ones not on the team, love to watch them. They let everyone know this by shouting and cheering when the team is playing well.

There is a special club of girls and boys (mostly girls) who jump up and down and shout for their football team. They call themselves, cheerleaders, because they lead everyone in shouts and cheers. They wear clothes of a special color – the color of their school’s team. The football players wear that color, too. Each school has a team color and a team name. Cheerleaders call out the team name in their cheers. They practice many hours to learn the special jumping and cheering. cheerleading is almost a sport itself.

Text 3

Pledge of Allegiance – обет/клятва верности/преданности

CEREMONIES IN SCHOOL

Pledge of Allegiance

Every classroom has an American flag in it. From elementary to high school, students start each day by standing up and saluting the flag. They put their hands over their hearts and say the ‘Pledge of Allegiance.’ This is a promise to the country. It was written by people who came to America over 200 years ago. Saluting the flag helps people think about the United States and its freedom.

Homecoming

At many high schools and universities there is a big football game once a year and a parade afterwards. This is called ‘Homecoming.’ Students who graduated from the school like to return for Homecoming to see their old friends and teachers again. In the parade cheerleaders and football players walk together. The school band plays loud music for their fans and team. The parade is full of the school colors.

Awards

In American schools there are ceremonies for students who have done good work in school or who are excellent at sports. At these special ceremonies all the students and teachers come together.

They watch the school director give prizes to the students. Sometimes the prize is money for later university study.

Graduation

When students graduate from high school, each of them gets a prize. The prize they get is the high school diploma, written on nice paper with the name of the student and the school. Afterwards the graduating class has a big party, or ‘prom.’ Everyone wears fine clothes and a band plays dance music. It is a party to remember. Student, teachers and parents have worked hard for each diploma. Graduation is the greatest ceremony of all in American schools.

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS TO Module 3 Cities

TEXT A

NOVOSIBIRSK

1. Read the text and answer the questions a) What are the most important facts about Novosibirsk? b) What does Novosibirsk pride itself on?

2. Look up the underlined words and phrases in the dictionary. Make up sentences with them.

Novosibirsk is a city that prides itself on size: it is the third-largest city in Russia (the biggest city east of the Urals), has the biggest railway station along the trans-Siberian route, the biggest library in Siberia, and the biggest opera/ballet theater in all of Russia - even bigger than Moscow's Bolshoy. The red-brick Cathedral of St. Alexander Nevsky, while not the biggest, is considered one of the finest existing examples of pure Russian Orthodox architecture.

In 1943, the Academy of Sciences opened up its Siberian branch in Novosibirsk, which marked the beginning of the city's transformation into the educational hub of Siberian Russia. While many research institutes are located within Novosibirsk itself, still many more are clustered in Academgorodok, a small city founded in the 1950s by the Academy, 30 km south of Novosibirsk.

At its height, Academgorodok was home to 65,000 scientists and their families, and was a priviliged area to live in, with well-stocked stores and dachas for the academic elite. Gorbachev's perestroika was initially conceived here, by economists who then moved to Moscow to author the economic revolution. In recent years, Academgorodok has fallen on hard times thanks to slashes in government funding, and many of the younger researchers who once populated the town have left.

TEXT B

Vocabulary

5. Read the text about Novosibirsk. Look for events which influenced the decision to turn the town into the capital of Siberia , the third largest city in Russia.

NOVOSIBIRSK

Характеристики

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