Современное развитие экономики Японии и перспективы её развития (1224162), страница 11

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A special territory of advanced development can be created for Japanese investors in the Far East and will be managed by a Japanese company.

An important condition of TAD is export orientation as the market capacity of the Far Eastern federal district is very small and expensive; it isn’t comparable with the market of Asian-Pacific countries.

Earlier the ministry sounded the idea of allowing foreign companies to manage TADs.

Now three TADs are approved in the Far East. Japanese companies participate in two TADs projects in Khabarovsk: the Sojitz Company intends to construct international terminal in the airport of Khabarovsk, and the JGC Company will build a greenhouse complex.

Russian side also suggests Japanese companies to take part in the creation of a free port in Vladivostok.

Some Japanese companies are offered to take part in the implementation of this global project. The territory of free port in Vladivostok will unite 13 municipalities at once, and “a particular legal regime of business and investment activity” will function there.

The project of free port in Vladivostok is submitted for consideration in the government.

There will be presented regimes of free custom zones, there will be introduced only one single tax, there will be visa-free regime and a special simplified procedure for the registration and management of a free port.

The creation of such port will allow not only reducing transport expenses of the companies, but also will help to begin the realization of such large international transport corridors as "Primorye-1" and "Primorye-2".

Conclusion

We will generalize briefly everything stated in this work.

The economic development of the country passed a number of stages differed in conditions of production and deep shifts in social and economic structure.

It is possible to distinguish some stages of economic development of Japan:

- the period after World War II;

- the period of the 40-60th years;

- the period of the 70-80th years;

- modern period.

The public sector of Japanese economy represents a complex of enterprises, organizations, and establishments in state ownership governed by state authorities or people nominated by them.

The central government possesses five unitary enterprises, 13 banks, a network of higher educational institutions and share participation in 73 organizations, mainly noncommercial.

Private sector of economy is a part of national economy which isn't under the control of the state. Private sector is formed by the households and firms belonging to the private capital.

Private sector practically doesn't get direct state support in Japan because of the low share of a defense component in Japanese economy in general and research development in particular. Private sector gets support mainly in the form of tax privileges.

The beginning of the XXI century is a new stage in the development of Japanese economy. The new strategy sets directions for the economic growth of Japan in the coming decades, the main objectives and priorities for economic development.

An important direction is the growth of national welfare in the conditions of population reduction on the basis of technical innovations, growth of labor productivity and use of “Asian dynamism”.

There are five complex spheres in new strategy of Japan which are crucial for the future progress of the country:

- human resources;

- capital;

- money;

- technical innovations;

- knowledge.

Global economic strategy focused on three highlights (joint development of Asia, support of soft force, contribution of Japan to creation of “world values) is aimed at the formation of a new image of Japan as world’s and Asian economic power in the conditions of globalization and information revolution and is some kind of external economic part of a general development strategy of the country for the next decades.

There are mainly scientific and hi-tech productions in the structure of Japanese industry. Japan takes the leading positions in the world’s automobile industry, production of electronics and electrical equipment, steelmaking, and chemical production.

Modern chemical production specializes in Japan is specialized on the production of synthetic rubber, chemical fibers, and plastic.

Mineral resources of Japan are scarce; there are considerable reserves of limestone, native sulfur and coal.

Metallurgical industry of Japan occupies second place in the world in steelmaking after China.

All kinds of activities in services sector, characteristic for the developed countries, are characteristic for Japan: banking, education, health care, recreation and tourism recreation and tourism.

The agriculture of Japan is diversified and based on agronomy. An important role is played by gardening, horticulture, sericulture and animal husbandry. In Japan agriculture includes forest trade, fishery and sea trade.

The institutes forming a basis of financial and credit system of Japan include city banks, banks of long-term crediting, firm of securities, post and savings system, insurance companies and such public institutions as the Ministry of Finance and Bank of Japan. Other financial institutions as, for example, regional banks are of minor importance.

Regulation of foreign economic activity is carried out by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and the industries which main functions are:

- maintenance of purchase’s volumes of raw material and fuel resources;

- assistance of restructuring of industrial branches and of their rational placement;

- help to small and average business;

- protection of intellectual property rights.

As for the Russian-Japanese relations, Japan joined the sanctions policy initiated by the West against Russia.

It is possible to distinguish four basic principles which are the cornerstone of Japanese strategy in the Ukrainian question:

1. Support of the consolidated position with the “Group of seven” and in a broader sense with the western community in general;

2. Close binding of Japanese position to the policy of the USA;

3. Consideration of basic distinctions of the situation in Northeast Asia from the situation in Europe;

4. Carrying out such course which wouldn't block but promoted the realization of a strategic objective of Japanese diplomacy – signing the peace treaty and solution of the territorial problem with Russia.

Russia continued to remain neutral and benevolent in relation to Japan that was especially noticeable in comparison with the other countries of the West. Besides, Russia abstained from criticism of new Japanese course in the field of safety shown in new interpretation of the right for collective self-defense; it also didn't use restrictive measures for import of the food or other goods against Japan.

The aspiration of Russia to establish good neighborly relations with Japan has no tactical character, and reflects Russian long-term strategy, being shown during the period preceding the Ukrainian crisis.

Russia seeks to carry out balanced and weighed policy in the relations with Japan.

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