Пойгина Л.Б., Туринова Л.А. - English for Masters. Management Part 1 (1175658), страница 7

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For example, it took theEast India Company many months to find out whether its trading vessels had arrived safely attheir destination; the modem multinational's headquarters receives such information inseconds.More information and a shorter information float are a mixed blessing. They clearlyincrease the potential for management to make sound, timely decisions by improving thequality of information available for decision making.

Immediate communication of detailedinformation about activities facilitates coordination of physically separated subunits.However, the mountain of information now in circulation makes it increasingly difficult tolocate and segregate that which is needed and relevant. Collapse of the information floatmeans that managers have less time available to get this critical information and use it.Communication productivity is as subject to the output fallacy as manufacturing.More information does not improve productivity — quality information does.

Information isone of the key inputs of productivity. Making effective and efficient use of information isincreasingly crucial to the overall productivity of the organization. Doing so is typical of theneed to consider interactions between technology, people, structure, and the externalenvironment.Communication Technology. The application of technology to information processing hasresulted in productivity gains comparable to those of standardization and assembly lines atthe beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Just as those organizations that continued to useolder methods were unable to compete with those using new manufacturing technologies,organizations that do not use information technology will eventually be unable to compete inan informational society.Communicating with the Environment.

Because of the dependence on external forces,communicating effectively with entities in the environment is needed for productivity. Bycommunicating with customers before even building a new product, a firm helps ensure thatit will meet quality criteria in the true sense. Communicating with suppliers helps maintainquantity and quality of supplies and other key inputs.

Communicating with government canlead to informal accords that make expensive regulation unnecessary. Making organizationalcommunication with the environment as productive as possible has been made even morecritical by the general rate of change and collapse of the information float.Communicating with People. More and more organizations are learning that the best placeto find ideas for productivity improvement is at the task level. To get these ideas and toimplement decisions for productivity improvement, management needs an effective systemfor upward and downward communication. This can be partly accomplished through formaldevices, such as suggestion boxes with rewards for useful ideas and meetings.

But, mostimportant is building an ambience of trust so that subordinates will not be afraid to speak ofproblems that affect their work and will not fear that every innovation is a management plotto eliminate their job.Making formal communication channels and procedures efficient and effective is awell-recognized need. In recent years the role informal communication channels can play inproductivity has become equally appreciated The increasing importance of informalcommunication is party a function of the enormous increase in the quantity of informationbeing generated and the shortening of the time available in which to make effective use of it.Informal communication — both vertically and horizontally — speeds the flow of22 information to where it is needed.

Also, it fills holes in the information system, which isnecessary because even the best-designed cannot satisfy all management's information needsin a changing environment. Informal communication, too, helps organizational leaders createthe sense of high touch needed to get small and informal groups to channel their effortsproductive.(from “Management”by M. H. Mescon, M. Albert, F. Khedonri)2. Scanning exerciseScan the Text 4 to find information on three aspects:a) Definition of productivity by Riggs and Felix;b) Integrated productivity planning:c) Informational society.3. Vocabulary StudyGlossaryto achieve consistent high productivityto be the linking process of communicating, decision making and leadingproductivity-oriented missionintegrated productivity planningtask designlong-term planning for productivityto be stated in terms of quantity and qualityto compete effectively in the global market planto acquire an enormous competitive advantagegroup with responsibility for productivityquality of worklifeto be inquisitive and unwillingto accept things that are not explainedthe organization's traditional motivationsto penalize long-term productivity effortsquality managementto be a form of preliminary control that improves productivity by improving effectivenessinformational societyto get small and informal groups to channel the efforts productivelya) find Russian equivalents for the following;the linking processes of communicating, decision making, and leading; responding in kneejerk fashion to problems; to incorporate productivity throughout the planning process; definemissing in terms of profit; introduction of new technology or procedures; pressure onmanagement to maintain short-term profits; an incentive to dump programs: a future-orientedstatement of mission; tangled communication channels; the concept of specialized division oflabor: the point of diminishing returns; to be both efficient and well suited to the needs of theworkforce; to compete effectively; in the global marketplace; to rigid structures with a highdegree of supervision; high-technology environment; to foster creativity; competitive23 advantage: to increase the revenue side of the productivity equation: to facilitate coordinatingthe activities; the recessionary economy; transcend subunits and level lines; organizationambience; requires commitment and consistency at all levels; short-term negativeconsequences; top-management incentives.b) find Russian equivalents for the following:связь между потребляемыми ресурсами и выпускаемой продукцией; определять своизадачи,учитывая прибыль; включать в себя систематический анализ рынка,конкуренции и относительной силы организации; комплексное планированиепроизводительности; необходимость учета долгосрочной перспективы; мотивироватьна выполнение работы, которая способствует росту производительности; оказыватьвлияние на производительность через отношение численности административноуправленческого персонала к численности остальных работников; получитьзначительные преимущества в конкурентной борьбе; увеличить доходнуюсоставляющую в формуле расчета производительности; включить в группупредставителей различных уровней и подразделений; получить более широкуюинформацию.4.

Discussing exercisea) Discuss how you would measure productivity of the marketing staff.b) How does the definition of productivity apply to the product promotions'? Discuss andgive your reason.c) Write 4 questions that you think an expert might ask about the text.5. Summarizing exercisea) Sum up the main points presented in the text.b) Write the plan of the text in the form of statements. Develop your plan into a summary.6. Precis Writing exerciseWrite a Precis of Text 4 in your own words.7. Translation exercise1. Вместо того, чтобы при помощи инспекции выявить уже возникшие дефекты,передовые японские и американские фирмы обычно полагаются на своих рабочих,которые следят за качеством продукции в ходе производственного процесса.2. В современной динамичной среде высоких технологий те организации, структуракоторых способствует развитию технических начал, иногда могут получитьзначительные преимущества в конкурентной борьбе. Своевременно выйти первым нарынок, - например.

предлагая наиболее современный компьютер - это значит резкоувеличить доходную составляющую в формуле расчет производительности.3. Весьма частое пренебрежение вопросами, касающимися отношения работников кнововведениям или технологии, к вопросу развития трудовых ресурсов организации,является основной причиной низкой производительности труда и экономическойэффективности. Есть определенная связь между качеством продукции,производительностью труда и уровнем жизни.24 4. Всё больше и больше организаций, озабоченных вопросами производительности,создают временные и постоянные специальные подразделения, ответственные заповышения производительности труда. Небольшие группы из представителейразличных уровней работают быстрее и эффективней, чем крупные объединения.5. Как и технология, правильно спроектированная работа является одним изважнейших факторов роста производительности.

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