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One way is to access each subroutine and function by means of the `numberOfFunctions()'and `functions(i)' methods.For example, to print the names of all the subroutinesin the project:Chapter 2: Projects and Files10SgProject *project;.../* from Sage++ demo 'instrument', in function InitFunctionTable()) */for (int i = 0; i < project->numberOfFiles(); i++) {SgFile *f;f = &(project->file(i));int num_routines;num_routines = f->numberOfFunctions();for (int j = 0; j < num_routines; j++){SgStatement *sub;SgSymbol *subsym;sub = f->functions(j);subsym = sub->symbol();}}printf("Function %d's name is %s\n", i*Files+j, subsym->identifier());The other way to traverse a le is to access it in lexical order starting with `firstStatement()':voidtraverseFile(SgFile *f){SgStatement *s;}for (s = f->firstStatement(); s; s = s->lexNext()) {/* Do something to the statement */}Chapter 3: Statements113 StatementsFiles are broken down into statements.

`SgStatement' is the base class for the representationof statements. SgStatement has many derived classes, corresponding to the many dierent kindsof statements in the languages Sage++ can deal with.Each statement has a unique integer identier id, and an integer variant tag which can beused to identify its type. These are available through SgStatement's `id()' and `variant()' member functions. SgStatement's `thebif' member provides access to the low level representation ofstatements, bif nodes.Each statement has a context: it may have a lexical predecessor and a lexical successor, and itmay be nested within a control block of another statement, or in a block structured denition likea C struct. This enclosing statement is called the control parent; it denes the basic structure ofthe parse tree.3.1 SgStatementclass SgStatement {// Discuss about control parent, BIF structure etcpublic:PTR_BFND thebif;SgStatement(int variant);SgStatement(PTR_BFND bif);// info about statementintlineNumber();//intid();//intvariant();//SgExpression * expr(int i); // i = 0,1,2source text line numberunique id;the type of the statementreturns the i-th expression.inthasSymbol(); // returns TRUE if tmt has symbol, FALSE otherwise// returns the symbol field.

Used by loop headers to point to the// loop variable symbol; Used by function and subroutine headers to// point to the function or subroutine name.SgSymbol *symbol();// returns the symbol field.char *fileName();intSgLabel *hasLabel();label();// returns 1 if there is a label on the stmt.// the labelChapter 3: Statements12// modifying the info.voidsetlineNumber(int n); // change the line number infovoidsetId(int n);// cannot change the id infovoidsetVariant(int n);// change the type of the statementvoidsetExpression(int i, SgExpression &e); // change the i-th expressionvoidsetLabel(SgLabel &l); // change the labelvoidsetSymbol(SgSymbol &s); // change the symbol// Control structureSgStatement * lexNext();// the next statement in lexical order.SgStatement * lexPrev();// the previous stmt in lexical order.SgStatement * controlParent(); // the enclosing control statementvoidvoidsetLexNext(SgStatement &s); // change the lexical orderingsetControlParent(SgStatement &s); // change the control parent.// Access statement using the tree structure// Describe BLOB lists here?intintSgStatement *SgStatement *SgStatement *numberOfChildrenList1();numberOfChildrenList2();childList1(int i);childList2(int i);nextInChildList();Chapter 3: Statements13SgStatement * lastDeclaration();SgStatement * lastExecutable();SgStatement * lastNodeOfStmt();SgStatement * nodeBefore();voidinsertStmtBefore(SgStatement &s);voidinsertStmtBefore(SgStatement &s, SgStatement &cp);voidinsertStmtAfter(SgStatement &s);voidinsertStmtAfter(SgStatement &s, SgStatement &cp);SgStatement * extractStmt();SgStatement * extractStmtBody();voidreplaceWithStmt(SgStatement &s);voiddeleteStmt();SgStatement & copy();intisIncludedInStmt(SgStatement &s);voidreplaceSymbByExp(SgSymbol &symb, SgExpression &exp);voidreplaceSymbBySymb(SgSymbol &symb, SgSymbol &newsymb);voidreplaceSymbBySymbSameName(SgSymbol &symb, SgSymbol &newsymb);voidreplaceTypeInStmt(SgType &old, SgType &newtype);char*unparse();voidunparsestdout();voidsunparse(char *buffer); //unparsing functions.char *comments();//preceding comment lines.voidaddComment(char *com);intnumberOfComments(); //number of preceeding comments.inthasAnnotations();//1 if there are annotations; 0 otherwise// These function must be removed.

Doesn't make sense here.intIsSymbolInScope(SgSymbol &symb); // TRUE if symbol is in scopeintIsSymbolReferenced(SgSymbol &symb);SgStatement * getScopeForDeclare(); // return where a variable can be declared;};SgStatement is used in the following places in the example programs: see [Restructure - addStuToProgram], page 135 see hundenedi [Instrument], page hundenedi see [Instrument - InitFunctionTable], page 141 see [Instrument - InsertFCallNode], page 142 see [Instrument - FixLoops], page 143 see [Instrument - FInstrumentSub], page 143 see [Instrument - FInstrument], page 144 see [Instrument - UnparseSub], page 145 see [Instrument - VistaInstrument], page 145 see [Instrument - FAnalyze], page 145 see [Instrument - inMethodOfTheElement], page 149Chapter 3: Statements14see [Instrument - whichFunctionAmI], page 150see [Instrument - isReferenceToCollection], page 150see [Instrument - ListCollections], page 153see [Instrument - ListCollectionInstances], page 153see [Instrument - ListCollectionInvocations], page 153see [Instrument - InsertCCallNode], page 155see [Instrument - CTimingInstrumentSub], page 156see hundenedi [Expand Syntax], page hundenedisee [Expand Syntax - ExpandSyntax], page 162see [Expand Syntax - SearchInExpForCollectionArrayRef], page 162see [Expand Syntax - ReplaceWithGetElemPart], page 163see [Expand Syntax - Init], page 166see [Dump Info - classifyStatements], page 170see [Dump Info - doRoutineHeader], page 176see [Dump Info - doIfStmts], page 176see [Dump Info - doLoopStmts], page 177see [Dump Info - doIOStmts], page 178see [Dump Info - doGoToStmt], page 178see [Dump Info - doVarDecl], page 178Member Functions:SgStatement(int variant)SgStatement(PTR BFND bif)int lineNumber()int id()int variant()SgExpression * expr(int i)There can be up to three expressions associated with any statement.

For example, the C `for'loop is of the form `for(expr_1; expr_2; expr_3)'.int hasSymbol()SgSymbol * symbol()Used for the name of a subroutine in a subroutine header statement and the induction variableof a DO loop.Chapter 3: Statements15char * leName()int hasLabel()SgLabel * label()void setlineNumber(int n)void setId(int n)void setVariant(int n)void setExpression(int i, SgExpression &e)void setLabel(SgLabel &l)void setSymbol(SgSymbol &s)SgStatement * lexNext()SgStatement * lexPrev()SgStatement * controlParent()void setLexNext(SgStatement &s)void setControlParent(SgStatement &s)int numberOfChildrenList1()int numberOfChildrenList2()SgStatement * childList1(int i)SgStatement * childList2(int i)SgStatement * nextInChildList()SgStatement * lastDeclaration()If the statement is not a leaf of the parse tree, this function returns a pointer to the lastdeclaration in the subtree the statement represents.SgStatement * lastExecutable()SgStatement * lastNodeOfStmt()If the statement is not a leaf of the parse tree, this function returns a pointer to the last statementin the subtree it denes.SgStatement * nodeBefore()void insertStmtBefore(SgStatement &s)Chapter 3: Statementsvoid insertStmtBefore(SgStatement &s, SgStatement &cp)void insertStmtAfter(SgStatement &s)void insertStmtAfter(SgStatement &s, SgStatement &cp)SgStatement * extractStmt()SgStatement * extractStmtBody()void replaceWithStmt(SgStatement &s)void deleteStmt()SgStatement & copy()int isIncludedInStmt(SgStatement &s)void replaceSymbByExp(SgSymbol &symb, SgExpression &exp)void replaceSymbBySymb(SgSymbol &symb, SgSymbol &newsymb)void replaceSymbBySymbSameName(SgSymbol &symb, SgSymbol &newsymb)void replaceTypeInStmt(SgType &old, SgType &newtype)char* unparse()void unparsestdout()void sunparse(char *buer)char * comments()Comments preceding or appended on the right of the statement.void addComment(char *com)int numberOfComments()int hasAnnotations()int IsSymbolInScope(SgSymbol &symb)int IsSymbolReferenced(SgSymbol &symb)SgStatement * getScopeForDeclare()16Chapter 3: Statements17SgStatement UsageOnce a statement has been extracted from the parse tree one may make a copy of it with`copy()' and insert the copy or the original in another position: S1.insertStmtAfter(S2) will insertS2 in the lexical position following S1.One may also search a statement and its subexpressions for a symbol and replace all occurrenceswith another symbol or expression.

Similarly, one may replace any reference to a given type withanother type.To illustrate the use of the statement classes consider the following simple example. Supposewe wish to traverse a le and apply the unrolling transformation to all the inner most loops whosebody consists of only assignment statements. The function that accomplishes this is shown below.void UnrollLoops(SgFile *file, int unroll_factor){SgStatement *s = file->firstStatement();SgForStmt *loop;while(s){if(loop = isSgForStmt(s)){if(loop->isAssignLoop()) loop->unrollLoop(unroll_factor);}s = s->lexNext();}}This function illustrates an important aspect of the programming style used in sage++.

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