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Pekel. Using the data of the population census rounds of 1901 and 1946 inFrance, A.Y. Sluka analysed migration links of Paris with other cities.Administrative data was used by Y.G. Saushkin and V.G. Glushkova to studymigration flows in and out of Moscow; population formation of the city ofMoscow and Moscow region was analysed by M.B.

Denisenko, A.V. Stepanovaand K.A. Doronina (Kitova) using the data of the recent population censuses.Population formation of the regions: the impact of migration on thepopulation size dynamics of the Tver Region was covered in the works of L.P.Bogdanova, A.A. Tkachenko, and A.S. Schukina; Y.L.

Motrich studied migration3Otkhodnichestvo is a temporary, seasonal labour migration of rural population in the Russian Empire outside theirusual place of living. Two types of otkhodnichestvo existed – agricultural and non-agricultural. People whotemporarily worked outside their villages were called otkhodniki.6and population size dynamics of the Khabarovsk Region and the Far East; T.N.Uspenskaya devoted a monograph on the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.Inter-district migration flows. Using the data of population census of 1970.R.T.

Tatevosov conducted analysis of the inter-district migration flows in Russia;N.V. Mkrtchyan and L.B. Karachurina studied center-peripheral migration flows inthe inter-census period 1989-2002.Adaptation of the newcomers in the cities of Siberia was analysed byZh.A. Zaionchkovskaya, relationship between duration of stay and adaptation wascovered in the works of V.M. Moiseenko, V.I. Perevedentsev, and L.L.Rybakovsky; K. Land, C. Dustmann and Y. Weiss studied theoretical aspects ofadaptation and return migration and developed their own migration models;adaptation and integration of immigrants of different ethnicity into the Russiansociety was studied by V.I.

Mukomel, Y.F. Florinskaya, G.S. Vitkovskaya, E.A.Pain, K.S. Grigorieva and others.Forced migration in the USSR was covered in works of V.N. Zemskov,P.M. Polyan, S.A. Krasilnikov. Emigration from Russia was analysed by V.M.Kabuzan; emigration of ethnic minorities from Russia (germans and jews) weredescribed by M.S. Savoskul and M.S. Tolts.The works of T.I. Zaslavskaya, O.V. Gorbachev, D.N.

Lukhmanov, N.Y.Pokrovsky, M.A. Shabanova are focused on the issues of resettlement and impactof migration on the population formation in rural areas.Sources of migration data were thoroughly studied by M. Bell, E. CharlesEdwards, S. Muhidin and by Russian researchers such as A.I. Gozulov, A.G.Volkov, B.S.

Khorev, V.N. Chapek, O.S. Chudinovskikh.Although numerous academic works have been devoted to various aspectsof migration processes in Russia, there is still a lack of research on the impact ofmigration on the population formation of the regions of Russia during the lastcentury based on the reliable data sources (such as population census). The presentresearch tries to fill in this knowledge gap by making use of a number of datasources including the old data which became recently available, the latest available7data such as data of population microcensuses conducted in 2002 and 2010, and1994 national microcensus of Russia.Personal contribution of the author into the advancement of theresearch subject and academic novelty- For the first time, the research focused on the formation of population inthe regions of Russia relies on the use of population structure data based on thecriterion of the place of birth starting the first Russia’s population census of 1897and ending the most recent census round of 2010.- The research presents the analysis of lifetime migration of the population(when the place of residence and place of birth are different as of the moment ofthe census) in dynamics: for the period 1897-2010.- The author attempts to link various characteristics of the regions andtransformation of migration processes with demographic changes and, morebroadly, with modernization and urbanization processes.- The author has developed an alternative administrative division of Russia’sterritory into larger districts, making it possible to compare statistical data overtime despite numerous shift of administrative borders of the regions.

Thedissertation includes an original set of cartographic materials.- Using the demographic balance method, the author has calculated naturalincrease and net migration for the population of regions for the inter-censusperiods of 1959-2010 and 1951-1959.- Using the population microcensus data of 2010, the author describes sociodemographic profile of migrants and non-migrants (sex, age, year of birth, maritalstatus and ethnicity) to show the selectivity of migration at the micro-level.- Based on the population miscrocensus data of 1994, the author investigatesdifferentiation of interregional migration directions of different generations ofmigrants.8Methods of the research Descriptive statistics (analysis of the population census data of 1897, 1926,1939, 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989, 2002 and 2010, as well as the microcensus dataof 1994); Cartographic methods and geographic information system (GIS) (to ensurecomparability of the data considering the shifting administrative borders withinthe country during the period under study, and to reveal regional differentiationof migration patterns, аs well as to visualize the research findings); Methods of demographic analysis: Demographic balance (to compare the natural increase, net migration andtotal increase of the population in larger rural and urban regions areas); Standardization of demographic coefficients (to eliminate the influence ofthe age structure of the population on migration patterns in differenthistorical periods); Life table method (to estimate internal migration during the intercensusperiod considering the impact of mortality); Indices of selectivity (to determine the selectivity of migration based onsocio-demographic characteristics of individuals).Theoretical framework of the researchTheoretically, the research relies on the theory of demographic transition, thetheory of mobility transition of V.

Zelinksy (formulated as a part of thedemographic transition) and migration theory of M.I. Kulisсher based on the ideaof relative economic overpopulation. These theories consider the evolution of thesociety as a progress from a sedentary, traditional, agricultural type society tomodernized and urbanized one. In the context of these theories, the model oftransformation of societies with more advanced level of development can beapplied to less developed countries and regions.

Based on these theoreticalassumptions, the most important factors which determine migration patterns in theperiod of modernization are industrialization and transition from rural to urbanlifestyle: pushed by the consequences of the relative overpopulation, people moved9out of rural areas to cities and to unsettled territories, but with completion of thedemographic transition and amid progressing urbanization, the reverse migrationflow of resettlers and their descendants originated from Siberia, Far East, CentralAsia and Transcaucasia. Thus, with transition to low birth rates and low mortalityrates, migration was no longer needed as a solution of the overpopulation problem.However, people continue to migrate, but migration patterns change and becamemore complicated.Theoretical relevance of the research is based on the contribution of theauthor to understanding the role of migration in the population formation of theregions of Russia from the historical perspective of demographic modernization ofthe Russian society.

Additionally, the research makes a methodologicalcontribution to the analysis of the migration processes in the regions of Russiausing the new available sources of data.Practical relevance of the research is based on the applicability of theresearch findings for defining the priorities of regional and migration policy inRussia, aimed at wise territorial development of the country, rethinking the impactof current migration outflow from eastern periphery areas to central and southernparts of Russia, considering the geography of the migration flows in the postSoviet space and the role of migration in population reproduction at differenthistorical stages of the development of the territorial organization of society. Theresults of the dissertation research can be used in teaching practices, - for example,in teaching such disciplines as Demography, Population and Development,Migration Studies, Sociology of Migration, Population Geography, SpatialOrganization of the Society taught in educational institutions, - and in academicpurposes when writing analytical reports and academic papers for publication.Theses for defense:1.Changes in the birth rates and mortality rates, as well as generalincrease of the population size in Russia in 19th-21st centuries, have resulted inthe overpopulation of rural areas.In order to overcome the negativeconsequences of the overpopulation, people from rural areas started working10temporarily outside their usual place of living (so called otkhodnichestvo),wandered across the country in search of new unpopulated areas, and, although farless frequently, emigrated from the country.

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