Summary_Danilova (1136935), страница 5
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Mortality increases while moving from the south to north and from thewest to east. It is true both for total mortality and for its components (by ages and15Andreev E.M. Life expectancy in the USSR: differential analysis / eds. Andreev E., Vishnevski A. // Length of life: Analysis andmodelling. – Moscow: Statistika, 1979; Shkolnikov V.M. Geographical factors of length of life// Izvestiya AN SSSR. GeographicalSeries.
1987. Vol.3. № 12. P. 35–44.causes of death) which were analyzed in the current study. Lower mortality levels areobserved in the southern regions of Russia, while higher mortality is found in theregions of East Siberia and the Far East.Conclusions1. After 2007, the growth of life expectancy in Russia no longer followed thedecline in inter-regional mortality inequality, as had been the case with the previousperiods of life expectancy increase in Russia. This is a result of compensating processesof divergence and convergence at the regional level in Russia.
Mortality decline fromexternal causes at young and middle ages and circulatory diseases at middle ages pushesregions to a convergence in their life expectancy. Mortality decline in the elderly,primarily due to the decrease in cardiovascular mortality, results in their divergence.2. The regions of Russia are at different steps on their path of epidemiologicaltransition. It is expressed both through regional differences in the overall mortalitylevels and through differences in age profiles of mortality and cause-specific mortalitystructures. Some regions of Russia are coping quite successfully with declining excessmortality at working ages, and it seems that some of them are entering the path to thecardiovascular revolution. Meanwhile, some other regions are experiencing the doubleburden of diseases: premature mortality at young and middle ages is still very high inthese regions, and the progress in declining mortality among the elderly is still notprominent.3.
The cities of Moscow and Saint-Petersburg contribute notably to thedivergence in life expectancy across regions. Since the mid-1990s these two cities havehad an accruing advantage in mortality and life expectancy levels compared to most ofthe rest of Russian regions. Today these two regions, together with the North Caucasusrepublics, constitute a cluster that stays quite apart from the other regions of Russia interms of life expectancy.4. Frameworks and strategies seeking to increase life expectancy in Russia shouldtake the differences in regional epidemiological models into account. The decline ininter-regional mortality and life expectancy inequality, the increase of life expectancy inthe regions which lag behind is today no less an important task for Russia than is therise of life expectancy in the country per se.5.
There is a significant spatial autocorrelation in mortality distribution across theterritory of Russia: regions with similar indicators of mortality and life expectancy tendto be clustered on the map.6. Problems with the quality of mortality data and its comparability acrossregions pose a severe limitation for mortality analysis by causes of death, especially atolder ages. It was possible to perform cause-specific mortality analysis only for theaggregated groups of causes of death and only for ages before 80.
There is an urgentneed for the improvement of quality and comparability of mortality data gathered byRussian regions.7. The methodology of the current study can be used for monitoring and analysisof regional differences in mortality and the further examination of the factorsunderlying these differences.AcknowledgmentsI would like to express a deep gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. AnatolyG.Vishnevsky, for setting the goals and the tasks of the study, for his guidancethroughout this thesis, and for his help in preparing the manuscript; to the academicsupervisor of the International Laboratory for Population and Health in the HSE andsenior researcher of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, VladimirM.Shkolnikov, for his critical feedback on all issues related to the study and for fruitfuldiscussions of the results; to the head of the International Laboratory for Population andHealth in the HSE, Evgeny M.Andreev, for providing me with the data for the studyand for his valuable and encouraging advice.PublicationsThe author has published 6 academic papers on the subject of the dissertationresearch, 7.15 author sheets in total (personal contribution of the author is 3.93 authorsheets).
Among them 3 papers were published in academic journals indexed in Scopus(1 is published in the journal indexed in Web of Science), 1 paper was published in thejournal included into the list of academic journals recommended by the NationalResearch Institute Higher School of Economics.Papers published by the author in peer-reviewed academic journals included intothe international scientific databases Web of Science and Scopus:1. Danilova I.A. Problems of the quality of cause-specific mortality statistics atold ages [in Russian] // Advances in Gerontology. 2015.
№3. pp. 409-414.2. Timonin S., Danilova I., Andreev E., Shkolnikov V.M. Recent mortalityreversal in Russia. Are all regions following the same tempo? // European Journal ofPopulation. 2017. Vol.33. №.5. pp. 733-763Publications in the journals recommended by the National Research InstituteHigher School of Economics:1. Danilova I.A. Inter-regional inequality in life expectancy in Russia and itscomponents by ages and causes of death [in Russian] // Social Aspects of PopulationHealth.
2017. №. 5. pp. 1-17.Other publications1. Shkolnikov V.M., Danilova I.A. Mortality in Russia. What is unique? // Russia2016. Annual report of the French-Russian analytic center Observo. Moscow: Observo.2016. pp. 316-3202. Danilova I. About Russia data on causes of death. Human Cause-of-DeathDatabase: background and documentation // Human Cause-of-Death Database. 2016.URL: https://www.causesofdeath.org/Data/RUS/20160121/RUS_bd.pdf.
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