Summary of PhD Research ENG (1136534), страница 4
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Also, whereas manyacculturation studies focus on sociocultural adjustment, this study focused more on theeconomic aspects of the adjustment process; more specifically, the index of socioeconomicadaptation that was compiled by the World Bank was used and provided rich informationabout the socioeconomic adjustment of immigrants.The significance of this study that at all desire of immigrants fully to adjust theirsocial and economic life in the host society, they do it is not always possible for severalreasons, sometimes, depending on the specific context, one of these reasons is the relianceto their own ethnic group, or because of neglect or the lack of opportunity for anorientation toward the host society.Part 1.
Study 2. Acculturation preferences, ethnic and religious identification and thesocio-economic adaptation of Russian-speaking immigrants in BelgiumThe study by Grigoryev and Berry (2017) examined a sample of first-generation,highly educated, Russian-speaking immigrants in Belgium. The novelty of the study is anextended individual level model of the socio-economic adaptation of immigrants in whichtheir acculturation preferences are used as a key psychological antecedent of socioeconomic adaptation was used.
Ethnic and religious identification were also considered aspredictors of acculturation preferences. If the previous study used a person-orientedapproach that is holistic, then this study used a variable-oriented approach that is moreanalytical, which allowed to evaluate the relationships of the variables included earlier inthe acculturation profiles. A proposed model in which immigrant socio-economicadaptation can be predicted at the individual level by their acculturation preferences, thelevel of host country language skills and the length of stay in the host country. The modelwas tested using path analysis.It was used a model of the socio-economic adaptation of Russian-speakingimmigrants in Belgium, advancing the following hypotheses.
H1: Acculturationpreferences involving orientations toward the host group (integration and assimilation) arepositively associated with high levels of the socio-economic adaptation. H2: Anacculturation preference involving separation from the host group is negatively associatedwith the socio-economic adaptation. H3: Immigrants with higher levels of host countrylanguage skills and a longer time spent in the host country have higher levels of the socioeconomic adaptation.
H4: Strong ethnic and religious identification prevents theassimilation of immigrants and promotes the choice of the separation preference. H5:Better language skills contribute to preferences that are oriented to the host society(integration preference and assimilation preference). H6: The longer immigrants reside inthe host country, the more they are inclined to focus on integration and less on their ethnicgroup.The significance of this study that a number of psychological factors impactedsocio-economic adaptation.
Most important was the finding that acculturation preferencesof immigrants, regardless of their length of stay in the host country, were associated withthe level of their socio-economic adaptation: integration and assimilation strategies wereassociated with higher socio-economic adaptation, while separation was associated withlower socio-economic adaptation.Part 2. Study 3.
The discrimination of immigrants in the socioeconomic domain: therole of intergroup attitudes of the mainstream populationThe study by Grigoryev (2017), was tested a conceptual model of relationships ofthe discordance between acculturation attitudes of Russian majority group members (i.e.,discrepancies between perceived and desired acculturation attitudes), right-wingauthoritarianism, multicultural ideology, and dealing with immigrants that cover bothpositive and negative intergroup attitudes: willingness to engage in intergroup contact andendorsement of discrimination of immigrants in the socioeconomic domain.The following hypotheses were tested.
H1: Dangerous worldview is positivelyassociated with RWA and competitive worldview is positively associated with SDO. H2:Dangerous and competitive worldviews are negatively associated with the support ofmulticultural ideology and willingness to engage in intergroup contact. H3: RWA and SDOare positively associated with the endorsement of discrimination of immigrants in thesocioeconomic domain and negatively associated with the support of multiculturalideology and willingness to engage in intergroup contact.
H4: Multicultural ideology andwillingness to engage in intergroup contact are negatively associated with the endorsementof discrimination of immigrants in the socioeconomic domain.The novelty of the study is that I referred to the dual process model (Duckitt, 2001;Duckitt & Sibley, 2017) and models of attitudes of natives towards cultural diversity (Berry,2006; Berry & Kalin, 1995; Schalk-Soekar & van de Vijver, 2008) to clarify how muchvariation the models share and to what extent each model adds a unique component to theprediction. The convergence of such models is urgently needed both for the field ofacculturation and intergroup relations (see Ward, Szabo, & Stuart, 2017).
The model wastested by structural equation modeling (SEM) including demonstrated measurement andstructural invariance. The conceptual model was supported that right-wing authoritarianismand multicultural ideology have well-established negative and positive effects onintergroup relations, respectively.Also, the significance of this study that representations of individuals about thesocial world as a dangerous and competitive place, which is formed by individualdifferences originating from the personal experience of socialization and impact of theexisting social environment, may also be negatively associated with the support ofmulticultural ideology and willingness to engage in intergroup contact that in turn to someextent elicit the endorsement of discrimination of immigrants in the socioeconomic domain.Part 2. Study 4.
Acculturation expectation profiles of Russian majority groupmembers and their intergroup attitudesThe study by Grigoryev and van de Vijver (2018) employing a person-orientedapproach to acculturation expectations held by Russian majority group members, wasinvestigated the presence of groups of profiles and relationships between acculturationexpectation profiles and intergroup attitudes. It was expected that more prejudicedindividuals, who have authoritarian attitudes, reject diversity, perceive the socialenvironment as competitive and threatening to security will also have more assimilationtype profiles; furthermore, the profiles themselves will show domain-specificity, whichamounts to a difference in heritage and mainstream expectations across life domains.The novelty of the study is that applying latent profile analysis jointly with thedomain-specific perspective allowed to find three easy-to-interpret acculturationexpectation profiles: biculturalism expectations, alternate-biculturalism expectations (withpublic—private domain differences in preference), and assimilation expectations.
Thesubsequent comparative analysis showed that these profiles mainly differed in the extent ofthe desirability of maintenance of heritage culture, and adoption of the mainstream cultureby immigrants only in private domains of life. The biculturalism expectation profile (23%)contained individuals who support the idea of a multicultural society.
The alternatebiculturalism expectation profile (48%) contained individuals with slightly less emphasison adoption of mainstream acculturation for immigrants, a distinction between preferencesin the public and private domains of life, more focus on public domains, and less rightwing authoritarianism. The assimilation expectation profile (29%) contained individualswith a higher dangerous worldview and endorsement of discrimination, and lower supportof a multicultural ideology, willingness to engage in intergroup contact, and desire ofmaintenance of heritage acculturation for immigrants.The significance of this study that for immigrants for the current conditions,adjustment is very important, notably in the public domain, and that manifestations of theethnic culture will least likely lead to conflicts when applied in the home sphere. A moreambitious and time-consuming solution would be to try to revise expectations by majoritygroup members to more integration-type, since a dominant group has a major influence onthe acculturation process.KEY RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSKey aspects to be defended:1.
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