CCNA3_M1_Introduction_Classless_Routing (1130753)

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CCNA – Semester3Module 1Introduction to Classless RoutingObjectives••••Define VLSM and devide major network with VLSMConfigure VLSMDifferences between RIPv1 and RIPv2Configure RIPv2VLSMWhy VLSM?• The addressing crisis• Rapid increase in the size of routing tables• IP address solutions:–––––––Short term extensions to IPv4Subnetting 1985Variable length subnetting 1987Classless Interdomain Routing 1993Private IP addressNetwork Address Translation(NAT)IPv6What is VLSM?• With Variable-Length Subnet Masks (VLSM), anetwork administrator can use a long mask onnetworks with few hosts, and a short mask onsubnets with many hosts• In order to use VLSM, a network administratormust use a routing protocol that supports it:––––––OSPFIS-ISEIGRPRIPv2BGPStatic routingVLSMA waste of space• It has become acceptable practice to use the first andlast subnets in a subnetted network in conjunction withVLSM.• With ip subnet-zero command, network has 8 usablesubnets.Subnetting with VLSMUsing VLSMVLSM PracticeSubnet the networkaddress 192.168.1.0/241.8.612.91192.168.1.0/268120/3192.168.1.132/30192.168.1.64/27192.168.1.96/28192.168.136.0/30192.168.112.0/28Route aggregation with VLSM• When using VLSM, try to keep the subnetworknumbers grouped together in the network toallow for aggregation.• The use of Classless InterDomain Routing(CIDR) and VLSM not only prevents addresswaste, but also promotes route aggregation, orsummarization.Route SummarizationRoute SummarizationRoute Summarization (Super network)Route Summarization Rules•••A router must know in detail the subnetnumbers attached to it.A router does not need to tell other routersabout each individual subnet if the router cansend one aggregate route for a set of routers.A router using aggregate routes would havefewer entries in its routing table.RIP version 2RIPv1 Limitations••••It does not send subnet mask information in its updates.It sends updates as broadcasts on 255.255.255.255.It does not support authentication.It is not able to support VLSM or classless interdomain routing(CIDR).RIPv2• RIP v2 is an improved version of RIP v1 andshares the following features:– It is a distance vector protocol that uses a hop countmetric.– It uses holddown timers to prevent routing loops – defaultis 180 seconds.– It uses split horizon to prevent routing loops.– It uses 16 hops as a metric for infinite distance.RIPv2 vs.

RIPv1Configuring RIP v2• The router command starts the routing process.The network command causes theimplementation of the following three functions:– The routing updates are multicast out an interface.– The routing updates are processed if they enter that sameinterface.– The subnet that is directly connected to that interface isadvertised.Configuring RIP v2Verifying RIP ConfigurationIP Routing TableTroubleshooting RIP v2Debug ip RIP outputSummary• VLSM and the reasons for its use• Subnetting networks of different sizes usingVLSM• Route aggregation and summarization as theyrelate to VLSM• Key features of RIP v1 and RIP v2• Configuration of RIP v2• Verifying and troubleshooting RIP v2 operationLab Topology20 IPs14 IPsCCNA3 – Module1.

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