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cereuisiae,but 30 timessmaller than that of some plants and amphibians and 200 times smaller thanthat of a species of amoeba. Moreover, because of differences in the amount ofexcessDNA, the genomes of similar organisms (bony fish, for example) can varyseveralhundredfold in their DNA content, even though they contain roughly thesame number of genes.\.Vhateverthe excessDNA may do, it seems clear that itis not a great handicap for a eucaryotic cell to carry a large amount of it.How the genome is divided into chromosomes also differs from one eucaryotic species to the next. For example, compared with 46 for humans, somaticcells from a speciesof small deer contain only 6 chromosomes, while those froma species of carp contain over 100.
Even ciosely related species with similargenome sizes can have very different numbers and sizes of chromosomes (Figure 4-14). Thus, there is no simple relationship between chromosome number,0 5 % o f t h e D N A o f t h e y e a s tg e n o m e3',1 0 , 0 0 0n u c l e o t i d ep a i r sFigure4-1 3 The arrangementof genesin the genome o'fS,cerevisiae.S.cerevisiaeis a budding yeastwidelyusedfor brewingand baking.Thegenomeof this yeastcellis distributedover 16 chromosomes.A smallregionofone chromosomehasbeenarbitrarilyselectedto showthe high densityofgenescharacteristicof this species.Asindicatedby the light redshading,somegenesare transcribedfrom the lowerstrand,whileothersaretranscribedfromthe upperstrand.Thereareabout6300genesin the completegenome,whichcontainssomewhatmorethan12 millionnucleotidepairs.(Forthecloselypackedgenesof a bacteriumwhosegenomeis 4.6millionnucleotideslong,seeFigure1-29).('pl-lsraqs!lqnduellrul)eWurelord paplol @uro4 uolssil,utaoqllM.
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