Global problems of the 21st century (1110513), страница 2

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Discuss these questions with a partner. What images spring to mind when you hear the word ‘globalization’? What are the good things and bad things about globalization? Do you think it’s possible to ignore globalization? What will globalization look like fifty years from now? What concept do you think will come after globalization? Could globalization have happened without the Internet? How would your life be different if globalization hadn’t happened? What do you think of the concept of a global village? Do you think globalization could end in a world with just one giant country? What do you think indigenous tribes think about globalization? Do you think globalization will reduce or increase the poverty gap? How has popular culture added to globalization? Are you a globalized shopper?2.

Discuss the impact of globalization up to now on the following:- your own life- your country- the worldText 3PovertyRead the radio interview with Pascal Delrio, an international expert, talking aboutpoverty.Interviewer:Mr Delrio, do you believe we can solve the problem of world poverty?Delrio:I am more optimistic now than before. Millions of people have succeeded inescaping poverty in the last decade, but it is also true that in some regions, more people thanever are living below the poverty line, and we must help these people to lift them out ofpoverty.Interviewer:But how can we achieve that?Delrio:I accept that there is no simple solution.

The widening gulf between rich andpoor in some countries is often due to external forces beyond their control. Some of the mostdeprived regions have large populations living on the margins of society, and it is for thesespecific groups that we can do most.Interviewer:But poverty is not just an issue for developing countries, is it? We havethousands sleeping rough every night in cities like London and New York, and street childrenin a lot of big cities around the world.Delrio:I agree, and I accept that children and adults who live in the streets are indesperate need, and that these social conditions breed crime.

But so much depends on the globaleconomy. Right now, we have a golden opportunity to combat poverty. Perhaps we cannot getrid of it completely, but we certainly can make it less serious, and that is our challenge.Interviewer:Mr Delrio, thank you very much.Learn from itVocabularydeprived (adj) – бедный, живущий в нищете, обездоленный; deprived regions, a deprivedarea, be deprived of …;desperate (adj) – отчаянный; in desperate need, be desperate for …;breed (v) – порождать; breed crime;combat (v) – сражаться с…; combat poverty, mortal combat;challenge (n) – вызов; pose/meet/take up a challenge.Practice1.

Read the text once again and restore the context of the words from Vocabularysection above.2. Work with a partner to make up your own sentences with the words fromVocabulary section.3. Explain the meaning of the following phrases: sleep rough external forces margins of society4. Match to make collocations. Use the collocations in your own sentences.worldexpertgettheir controlan internationalpovertybeyondpoverty linelive belowrid of5. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box.expertbreedchallengesridroughdesperate1. Are western nations ready to meet the enormous environmental ……… that lie ahead?2.

I have a friend who is an ……… in health care.3. We have been campaigning to get ……… of the car tax for 20 years.4. Success tends to ……… success.5. Parts of this school are in ……… need of repair.6. He spent the night sleeping ……… on the streets.6. Translate these sentences into English using Vocabulary.1) Голод — это проблема не только малоразвитых государств.

Даже в США, в странес одним из самых высоких уровней жизни в мире, миллионы людей недоедают идаже голодают.2) Больше всего россиян беспокоит проблема нищеты и большого разрыва междубогатыми и бедными.3) По данным ООН более 2,5 миллиардов человек живут в условиях нищеты на менеечем два доллара США в день.4) Дети и взрослые, которые живут на улицах, находятся в отчаянном положении.Такие условия порождают болезни и преступность.5) Вероятно, никогда не удастся избавиться от проблемы бедности окончательно,однако всеобщими усилиями можно сделать ее менее серьезной.Speak about it1. Answer the following questions.1. What are the reasons of the widening gulf between rich and poor?2.

In your opinion, what “deprived regions” does Mr Delrio mean in his interview? Whatdo you know about these places and people living there? (consult extra sources)3. Is poverty an issue of developing countries only? Why (not)?4. What are the consequences of poverty for individuals and society?5.

Mr Delrio says that “much depends on global economy”. What does he mean by that?2. Work in small groups on one of these projects. Choose a country/region which can be considered struggling with poverty. Makean illustrated report on the current situation there. Work out a plan/strategy on how to effectively deal with the problem of homelesspeople in big cities. Explore the websites of these organizations working to combat poverty. Chooseone of them and prepare a report on its activities.CARE - http://www.care.org/Bread for the World - http://www.bread.org/Opportunity International - http://www.opportunity.org/World Food Programme - http://www.wfp.org/Text 4Problems of urban terrorism in RussiaToday in Russia and in the world, problems of protecting the population, criticallyimportant infrastructure elements, and the environment against natural and technogenicdisasters and terrorist attacks have become some of the most significant priorities.

The mostvulnerable targets for terrorist activities are Russia’s major cities – Moscow, first of all, as wellas the large cities and towns in areas marked by social and political instability and militaryconflict. These cities are the focus of 90-95 per cent of terrorist attacks.During recent years, the scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences and other Russianscientific organizations have carried out important work under the state program of security, ashave Moscow researchers under the program on Moscow’s security. One major result of thiswork has been the development and approval of the Security Principles for Moscow in 2000 bythe Moscow City Government.The Security Principles of Moscow provide the following description of terrorist threats:Terrorism has become one of the most dangerous challenges for the security of society.

Itposes a special hazard for large cities and political, economic and cultural centers. Terrorismhas the opportunity to use the achievements of science and technology for its criminal pursuits.The main threats of terrorism are as follows: Attacks on political and economic entities (seizure, bombing, arson, and so forth) Bombings and other terrorist acts in crowded areas (metro, railway stations andterminals, residential areas) Kidnappings and seizures of hostages Hijackings of airplanes and other means of public transportation Attacks on facilities that are potential threats to the population in an effort to destroythem Disruption of aviation and rail traffic control systems, power supply lines, means ofcommunication, computers and other electronic devices (electromagnetic terrorism) Disruption of the psychophysical state of the population by means of programmingbehavior or activities of large population groups Cyberattacks against the most important computer networks Dissemination of information in the press and on the radio and TV that may distort publicopinion and cause civil commotion Disruption of information networks Dispersion of chemical and radioactive materials in crowded areasContamination of water supply systems and foodsAt present, in Moscow there have been set priorities for developing the program to bringinto life the strategy and corresponding activities against terrorism.

The improvement of theeffectiveness of measures taken against terrorist activities is the chief priority among them.Learn from itVocabularypriority (n) – приоритет; a significant/high/chief priority, give priority to …;target (n) – мишень, цель; a vulnerable target, aim at the target;threat (n) – угроза; be a threat to …, a hidden threat;disruption (n) – разрушение, перебой; disruption of control systems, disruption of networks;distort (v) – искажать; distort public opinion, distort the facts/news/truth;contamination (n) – загрязнение; contamination of water;effectiveness (n) – эффективность, действенность; effectiveness of measures, improvement ofeffectiveness.Practice1.

Read the text once again and restore the context of the words from Vocabularysection above.2. Work with a partner to make up your own sentences with the words fromVocabulary section.3. Match words in the box with their definitions below.seizurebombingarsonkidnappinghostagehijacking a criminal act of deliberately setting fire to property; an action of capturing someone or something using force;cyberattack an attempt by hackers to damage or destroy a computer network or system; an act of dropping or detonating a bomb somewhere; an act of illegally seizing an aircraft, vehicle, or ship while on the move; a person seized or held as security for the fulfillment of a condition; an act of abducting someone and holding them captive.4.

Match to make collocations. Use the collocations in your own sentences.causechemicalssetfacilitiestakecivil commotionposewater/fooddestroypublic opiniondisruptinformationdisseminatea hazarddistortprioritiesdispersemeasurescontaminatecontrol systems5. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box.measurefacilitiesprioritycausingdistortedkidnapped1.

Health insurance will be our top ……….2. The programme presented a ……… picture of her life.3. Does the company offer any ……… for employees with young children?4. A prison librarian held ……… for 13 hours has been freed.5. This is a temporary ……… to stop the problem from getting any worse.6.

Three American journalists have been ……… by political extremists.hostage7. She was charged with ……… death by dangerous driving.Speak about itDiscuss the following questions.1) Has your life changed in any way due to terrorism?2) Do you think news stations are neutral when they report on terrorism?3) What do governments learn from terrorism?4) Do you worry about terrorism?5) When did terrorism first start in the world?6) What countries around the world have terrorist attacks within their borders?7) Is there a difference between a freedom fighter and a terrorist?8) Do you think terror groups will one day get hold of nuclear and chemical weapons?9) What is state sponsored terrorism?10)What do you understand by the term ‘cyber-terrorism’? How dangerous is it?.

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