Т.В. Артеменко, Е.В. Кривощекова, Е.В. Кравченко, Н.Е. Николаева - Reader in Language and Culture - Part II (1110506), страница 12
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Many fans interested inultra-violence wear the same checked Burberry clothing — an extremelyexpensive American brand. Other hooligans are members of the shadowyCombat 18 neo-nazi organisation that has provoked huge race-riots in thenorth of England.Myth number 2:Football hooligans follow a favourite team and especially their nationalteam.Fact:Hooligans often don't even watch the match of the team they are supposed to be following. They are more interested in 'having a go' at supporters of the opposing team.
They travel large distances in order to attack anyone in the vicinity of the ground, or the town centre. Sometimes they evenfight their own supporters. Unfortunately this is especially true of theEngland fans. At the Turkey-England Euro2004 qualifier in Sunderland allthe fighting was between rival England supporters — in particular betweenclub supporters of Sunderland and Newcastle: two towns about 15kilometres from each other, both premier division teams with an intensehatred and rivalry.Myth number 3:64Football violence is unorganised and spontaneous.Fact:The police and the Home Office have tried to deal with hooliganstravelling to England matches abroad by confiscating the passports ofknown hooligans and by monitoring ports and airports carefully.
Groups ofhooligans have recently gone as far as travelling through third countries.For example: if there is a match in Holland, then to avoid getting caught,hooligans have flown to Spain and caught trains to Holland to escapedetection.Once near the football ground, rival groups of hooligans even telephoneeach other by mobile to organise massive fights and to avoid the police.One English club side has even begun to employ former hooligans assecurity specialists, but this seems to have backfired, as the club in questionstill has some of the worst violence and racism in the country.Myth number 4:Football violence is an English problem.It is true that a lot of club violence takes place in England rather than onthe Continent.
But much of the time it is limited in scope and ferocity. At aUEFA match in Turkey between Galtasarai and Leeds, two peaceful Leedssupporters were stabbed to death in the city centre.Of course, 99% of supporters who travel to games are completelypeaceful. 99% of supporters are not racist or neo-nazis. Unlike manyEuropean countries, families including women and children make up a largeproportion of supporters who travel to games. Hopefully,. this kind oftendency will improve the game and discourage hooligans. Hooliganism isnot an English problem alone. It is just that English hooligans are perhapsthe most visible (partly because of the effective British police campaignsagainst them).
Football will continue to be the 'beautiful game', the biggestspectator sport in the world. And Britain will always be the birthplace ofthis most English game. As the supporters of England like to sing: 'It's65coming home, it's coming home, it's coming. Football's coming home!'Hopefully, with an improved reputation, England will sometime soon host amajor championship again.Questions.I.1.
What fundamental reasons underlie football violence?2. Why does the violence come from the richer supporters?3. Why do hooligans often even don’t watch the team’s matches?4. How do hooligans get organized?5. Is their hope that positive tendencies in football supporting willoutweigh negative ones?II.1.Are there many hooligans among Russian football fans?2.Are you a fan? How do you usually express your emotions?WHEN IN BRITAIN1.Visitors to Britain are often surprised by the strange behaviour ofits inhabitants. The British like forming queues. In fact, queuing is supposedto be their national characteristic. 'An Englishman, even if he is alone,forms an orderly queue of one,' joked George Mikes.2.So one of the worst mistakes is to get on a bus without waitingyour turn in the queue.
British are very sensitive to such behaviour and theymay get really annoyed with queue-jumpers — people who don't wait theirturn in the queue.3.The British, especially the English, are more reserved than thepeople of many other countries. They don't like to show their emotions.They usually don't easily get into conversation with strangers. They don'tlike personal questions (for example, 'How much money do you earn?',66'How much do you weigh?' or 'Why aren't you married?').
They take moretime to make friends. They would like to know you better before they askyou home. So don't be upset if your English friends don't invite you home.It doesn't mean they don't like you!4.If you are invited to a party, it is considered polite to call and sayif you can or cannot come. Most parties are informal these days, so youdon't have to worry about what to wear — anything from jeans to suits willdo.5.If you are told to 'help yourself to something, it doesn't mean thatyour host is rude — he or she is showing that you are completely acceptedand just like 'one of the family'.6.If you enjoyed the evening, call your hostess the next day, or writeher a short 'thank you' letter. Perhaps it seems funny to you, but Britishpeople say 'thank you, thank you, thank you' all the time! They say 'thankyou' even if they give money to a shop assistant.7.These days most people in Britain do not wear very formalclothes.
Of course, when they are 'on duty' they have to obey certain rules.You cannot imagine a bank employee without a suit or a tie. But when he isno longer 'at work" he can put on an old sweater and jeans, sometimes withholes in them.8.If you go out to enjoy yourself, you can wear almost anything. It isno longer a requirement of theatres that the audience should wear eveningdress. So what you wear depends, perhaps, on how much you paid for yourticket. At the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, for example, spectatorsin the stalls, the circle and the boxes are usually dressed formally, whilstthose peering down from the amphitheatre may well be in jeans.
People do,however, tend to dress more formally for ballet and opera than for thetheatre and concerts.9.In recent years smoking has received a lot of bad publicity, andfewer people now smoke. There is no more smoking on the London67Underground, in cinemas and theatres and most buses. Many companieshave banned smoking from their offices and canteens. And non-smokerscan be rude to smokers who break the rule and smoke in public places.10.Pubs are an important part of British life.
People, especially men,go to the pub to relax, meet friends, and sometimes to do business.11.At one time, it was unusual for women to go to pubs. These days,however, there are only a few pubs where it is surprising for a woman towalk in.12.Children under the age of 14 are still not allowed into some pubs.13.Pub food is cheaper than most restaurant food, and you don't haveto leave a tip. But you do have to go to the bar to get your food and drink.There are no waiters in pubs.14.In some countries it is considered bad manners to eat in the street.In Britain it is quite common to see people having a snack while walkingdown the road, especially at lunchtime. On the other hand, the British maybe surprised to see young children in restaurants in the evenings becausechildren are not usually taken out to restaurants late at night and, if theymake a noise in public or in a restaurant, it is considered very rude.
InVictorian times it used to be said that 'Children should be seen and notheard', since children did not participate at all in public life. In recent yearschildren are playing a more active role and they are now accepted in manypubs and restaurants.15.Good and bad manners make up the social rules of a country andare not always easy to learn because they are often not written down inbooks! The British have an expression for following these 'unwritten rules':'When in Rome, do as the Romans do.'I.1. What did you learn from the text about the British ways and rules ofbehaviuour? What did you already learn from other sources?682.
How do the British show their friendliness?3. Do the British observe a dress-code? When is it strict or lax?4. How do smokers and non-smokers coexist in Britain?5. Finish the expression “When in Britain…” and comment on it.II.1.If you were to compile a manuel for foreign visitors to Russia,what recommendations would you give?2.Which rules of social behaviuour are similar for Russians and theBritish and which are different?3.How does globalization effect social behaviuor ? Give examples.Why are the British mad about Harry?1.Who has the most recognized face in Britain at the moment? No,it's not the Queen, nor is it thePrime Minister it's not even RobbieWilliams! The most recognised face belongs to a young man calledDaniel Radcliffe. Although he is not generally known to the public asDaniel Radcliffe.
In fact, some people don't even know that his name isDaniel Radcliffe, they only know his face as being that of his alter ego,Harry Potter. Daniel Radcliffe is the actor who plays Harry Potter on filmand whose face looks out from a thousand posters across the nation. Theimage of Harry Potter is so familiar that even people who haven't read anyof the books or seen any of the films know exactly who he is and exactlywhat he looks like.2.The phenomenal success of JK Rowling's Harry Potter books hasbeen one of the most talked about and unexpectedsuccess stories in thebook world. The big surprise has been how many children have beendrawn to the books, often with little encouragement from either teachers orparents.
The subsequent success of the films and the merchandise that goes69with them is far less surprising, but the fact that thousands of children haveactually read the original books has been seen as almost incredible. It hasto be said that many parents and teachershavebeenas impressed bythe books as the children and libraries and bookshops across Britain havehad to deal with a great demand for the Harry Potter series.3.Since the 1960s Britain has seen a steady decline in the popularityof reading amongst school-age children (especially boys), and this has beenblamed on the lure of television, films, computer gamesand excitinglypresented magazines. The popularity of the Harry Potter series was seen sounusual that many newspaper and magazine articles were written about it totry to understand its success.
The theme of the books is not very originalandtherehave been many similar talessame success. Why then, shouldpublished before without thethese books be so popular in this dayand age?4.Firstly, Harry, like all the best heroes or heroines, appears to be anormal child. Of course, this is only on the surface, as the lightning scar onhis forehead gives the reader a clue to who he really is.
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