Ответы на вопросы из коллекции "📚 Иностранный язык в профессиональной сфере 📚 1-4"

Read the description below: They are members of a police department or law enforcement agency. They are responsible for investigating crimes and determining who the perpetrator was and why it happened. They interview witnesses and suspects. They write official reports using the information they have. Who it is about? Prove your point of view.
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• These are police investigators. They are members of law enforcement agencies and they are busy investigating crimes. They work for clients or individuals who pay them for their investigative services
• These are police detectives. They are members of law enforcement agencies and they are busy investigating crimes
• These are private advocates. They interview witnesses and suspects. They write official reports using the information they have
  

State … house offenders who have committed state crimes, such as assault, arson, robbery or homicide
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… is a typical responsibility of the county sheriffs office
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• Operating a jail
• Responding to calls in a municipality
• Talking to criminals in the criminal and civil process
  

A … is a place for the purpose of imprisoning someone, typically someone who has been convicted of a minor offense or someone who is awaiting trial for the crime they are accused of having committed
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Arrange the milestone documents chronologically starting from last to first:
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1. The Universal Declaration on Human Rights
2. The Russian Federation Constitution
3. The Bill of Rights (UK)
4. The US Declaration of Independence
   

A political party in Russia that managed to gather the largest portion of the popular vote and secured a constitutional majority in the State Duma is …
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The process by which a legislative body or other legally constituted tribunal initiates charges against a public official for misconduct is called …
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Deputies of the … work full-time on their legislative duties; they are not allowed to serve simultaneously in local legislatures or hold Government positions
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• Parliament
• State Duma
• Federal Assembly
  

Short-term confinement, primarily used after a youth has been arrested, but before a court has determined the youth’s innocence or guilt, is called … detention _{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

Russia has passed legislation according to which police officers have the right to break into homes and cars without any …
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Many people think the terms “prison” and “jail” mean the same thing, but they actually refer to two very different aspects of the criminal … system
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The common law includes both substantive rules, such as the offence of robbery, and procedural ones, such as court procedure rules derived from the … jurisdiction of the court
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• inherent
• successive
• fundamental
  

The Russian Civil Law system descended from Roman Law through Byzantine tradition and has much in common with the … civil code
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Местоимения ‘This’, ‘that’ – это … местоимения в единственном числе
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Some of the different types of government include a direct democracy, a representative democracy, socialism, communism, a monarchy, an oligarchy, and an autocracy. What characterizes the Republican form of government established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation?
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• Work and health of people are protected. A guaranteed minimum wage is established. State support is provided for the family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood, the disabled and the elderly
• The highest authorities are elected or appointed for a fixed term. State pensions, allowances and other guarantees of social protection are established
• The head of state is elected by the people. The highest authorities are elected or appointed for a fixed term
  

A 30-year-old man is arrested and detained by police officers on suspicion that he has stolen a car. He was seen by the neighbour, who says he went to the same school as him, and who reported it to the police. The police take the man to the local police station, where they intend to interrogate him about the suspected offence. Assess if he has a right to a lawyer and, if so, at what point in the process that right applies according to the RF laws.
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• He doesn’t have a right to a state lawyer. If he has money, he can have a private lawyer. He is allowed to remain silent until the lawyer arrives
• He has a right to a lawyer. If he has no lawyer of his own, he will be assigned a state lawyer. He is allowed to remain silent until the lawyer arrives
• He has a right to a lawyer. If he has no lawyer of his own, he will be assigned a state lawyer. He is to be interviewed at the moment when he comes to the police department even in the absence of his lawyer
  

Read the following piece of the text about the USA: Senate Bill X has passed out of the Senate. Senators were happy with the way that it was drafted and did not amend it at all. It has gone through the committee review process in the House of Delegates. An amendment was made, and the Delegates agreed that the amendment made the bill much better, so they passed it out of the House. What may happen at this point?
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• First, the House will report the passage of the bill to the Senate and request their concurrence in the amendments. Next, the Senate will vote on whether or not they agree with the changes that the House has made. If they do agree, the bill moves on to be signed into law by the Governor. At this point, the Senate is not allowed to request that the House recede from their amendments or withdraw the amendments that they passed. The House doesn’t vote on whether or not to recede from their amendment
• First, the House will report the passage of the bill to the Senate and request their concurrence in the amendments. The Senate may also request that the House recede from their amendments or withdraw the amendments that they passed. The House then votes on whether or not to recede from their amendment
• First, the House will report the passage of the bill to the Senate and request their concurrence in the amendments. Next, the Senate will vote on whether or not they agree with the changes that the House has made. If they do agree, the bill moves on to be signed into law by the Governor. At this point, the Senate may also request that the House recede from their amendments or withdraw the amendments that they passed. The House then votes on whether or not to recede from their amendment

Imagine your American friend decided to become a police officer in the USA. What steps should he make?
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• It’s a seven-step hiring process. The first step is an online questionnaire. After that you take the written test and once you pass it, you move to the next step. The third step is the polygraph, after which you are sent to the department interview and the medical interview. A background investigator will do an approximate three-month-long investigation where they look at every place you’ve ever lived, every employer that’s ever hired you, your references, your neighbours, your friends
• It’s a six-step hiring process. The first step is an online questionnaire. After that you take the written test and once you pass it, you move to the next step. The third step is the polygraph, after which you are sent to the department interview and the medical interview. They’ll study your social media accounts, everything that you can possibly think of, to make sure that we really know who we’re hiring
• It’s a five-step hiring process. The first step is an online questionnaire. After that you take the written test and once you pass it, you move to the next step. The third step is the polygraph, after which you are sent to the department interview and the medical interview
  

Law of the Twelve Tables, Latin Lex XII Tabularum, the earliest written legislation of ancient Roman law, traditionally dated 451–450 BC. The Twelve Tables allegedly were written by 10 commissioners at the insistence of the plebeians, who felt their legal rights were hampered by the fact that court judgments were rendered according to unwritten custom preserved only within a small group of learned patricians. According to the Law of the Ten Tables, what was to be done to a person found guilty of giving false testimony?
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• A person who had been found guilty of giving false witness shall be killed by his enemy
• A person who had been found guilty of giving false witness shall be sent to prison for 10 long years
• A person who had been found guilty of giving false witness shall be hurled down from the Tarpeian Rock
  

​​​​A legislature is an assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city. They are often contrasted with the executive and judicial powers of government. What is the difference in the legislative system of the Russian Federation and the United Kingdom?
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• The executive power is vested in the Federal Assembly. It consists of 2 chambers. The Upper Chamber is Council of Federation; the lower chamber is the State-Duma. A bill must be approved by both Chambers and signed by the president than it becomes a law. The President may veto the bill. The United Kingdom is not a constitutional monarchy. Britain is administered from the palace of Westminster in London. Parliament is made up of two chambers – the House of Commons and the House of Lords
• The legislative power is vested in the Federal Assembly. It consists of 2 chambers. The Upper Chamber is Council of Federation; the lower chamber is the State-Duma. A bill must be approved by both Chambers and signed by the president than it becomes a law. The President may veto the bill. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. Britain is administered from the palace of Westminster in London. Parliament is made up of two chambers – the House of Commons and the House of Lords
• The legislative power is vested in the Federal Assembly. It consists of 2 chambers. The Upper Chamber is Council of Federation; the lower chamber is the State-Duma. A bill must be approved by both Chambers and signed by the president than it becomes a law. The President may veto the bill. The United Kingdom is a federal republic. Britain is administered from the palace of Westminster in London. Parliament is made up of two chambers – the House of Commons and the House of Lords

According to Article 13 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation the principle of political pluralism is enshrined. What does it mean?
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• Pluralism as a political philosophy is the recognition and affirmation of diversity within a political body, which is seen to permit the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions, and lifestyles. The ban is established on the recognition of any ideology as official. The freedom of political opinions and actions is proclaimed. The basis for the existence of a multi-party system in the country has been approved
• Pluralism as a political philosophy is the recognition and affirmation of diversity within a political body, which is seen to permit the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions, and lifestyles. The rights and freedoms of man and citizen are recognized
• Pluralism as a political philosophy is the recognition and affirmation of diversity within a political body, which is seen to permit the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions, and lifestyles. There is no state religion. The rights and freedoms of man and citizen are recognized
  

Intentions are mental states in which the agent commits themselves to a course of action. According to the Roman law, did the intention produce legal consequences?
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• The basis for Roman law was the idea that the exact form, not the intention, of words or of actions produced legal consequences. Romans recognized that there are witnesses to actions and words, but not to intentions
• The basis for Roman law was the idea that the intention, not the form produced legal consequences. Romans recognized that there are witnesses to intentions as well as to actions and words
• The basis for Roman law was the idea that the intention, the words and the form produced legal consequences. Romans recognized that there are witnesses to intentions as well as to actions and words
  

The part of the legal system that relates to punishing people who break the law is called the … law
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In the UK, every citizen aged 18 or over can vote once in the … in which they live
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… law, also known as private law, regulates disputes between private individuals or entities
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Match the words with the definitions:
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• A. Judiciary
• B. Legislature
• C. Juror
• D. the branch of government which administers justice according to law
• E. an assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city
• F. one of a group of persons sworn to deliver a verdict in a case submitted to them; member of a jury
  

Judges may be citizens of the Russian Federation over … years of age with a higher education in law
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In the UK, historically most members of the House of Lords have been what we called … peers
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The first Parliament of the UK was called together in …
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• 1530
• 1465
• 1160
• 1265

Arrange the courts in the UK according to their hierarchy (start from the lowest ones):
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1. Magistrates’ courts
2. Crown court
3. Court of Appeal
4. Supreme Court

Arrange the police officers according to their rank in the UK (start from the highest rank):
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1. Chief Constable
2. Chief Superintendent
3. Superintendent
4. Inspector
5. Constable

The Supreme Court acts as a … court in cases where regulatory acts of the president of the Russian Federation, are challenged
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• trial
• commercial
• turned

Match people to their descriptions:
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• A. Pickpocket
• B. Thief
• C. Juvenile delinquent
• D. Intruder
• E. a thief who steals from people’s pockets in transit or in crowds
• F. somebody who steals
• G. a minor who commits a crime
• H. a person who enters a house or business illegally
  

The … of the Russian Federation may take a decision on the resignation of the Government of the Russian Federation
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In the UK, there is no fixed number of members in the House of … and the number fluctuates because of deaths, retirements and new appointments
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Arrange the commercial courts in Russia according to their hierarchy (start from the lowest ones):
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1. The Supreme Commercial Court of the Russian Federation
2. Commercial cassation courts
3. Commercial appellate courts
4. Commercial courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

One of the most discussed powers of the police is the power to question or … persons suspected of crime
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• interview
• look for
• send off
  

Most counties in the United States are patrolled by a … department under the leadership of an elected official
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• sheriffs
• police
• constable’s
• state police
  

Special powers of the State Duma are enumerated in the …
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• Constitution
• Local acts
• Federal acts

… law is the aspect of law which emanates from and has effect on members of a specific state
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• Municipal
• Local
• Interior
  

Some countries use a method of election called … representation which means that there is a reasonable correlation between the percentage of votes cast for a particular political party and the number of seats or representatives won by that party
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A correctional facility for young offenders or delinquents, often under the supervision of a special court. is called … detention
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The duties of police officers include … (choose 3 correct answers)
_{Тип ответа: Множественный выбор}

• highway patrol
• traffic enforcement
• patrol of small towns
• serve civil process

In the UK, since 1945, there has been the … Convention that the House of Lords will not oppose a measure that was specifically mentioned in the last election manifesto of the political party forming the Government
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The British Parliament – like that of larger countries – is …; it has two chambers
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In the UK, currently there is a … Government in power
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In the UK, nowadays, almost all the members of House of Lords are life …
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State … house offenders who have committed state crimes, such as assault, arson, robbery or homicide
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

… law is the area of the law that covers most civil suits in the UK
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One unique feature of policing approach in Russia is the system of territorial … over citizens
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Arrange the milestone documents chronologically:
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1. The Bill of Rights (UK)
2. The European Convention on Human Rights
3. The Constitution of France
4. The Russian Federation Constitution
   

Match the types of law with examples:
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• A. Acquisition and possession
• B. Land rights
• C. Procedure
• D. Public law
• E. when one makes a bond and a conveyance of property, as he has made formal declaration so let it be binding
• F. a man might gather up fruit that was falling down onto another man’s farm
• G. if anyone summons a man before the magistrate, he must go; if the man summoned does not go, let the one summoning him call the bystanders to witness and then take him by force
• H. putting to death of any man, whosoever he might be unconvicted is forbidden
  

Match the courts with their functions:
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• A. District courts
• B. Arbitration courts
• C. The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation
• D. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation
• E. handle most civil, criminal and administrative cases
• F. hear cases dealing with a wide matter of contractual issues, such as rights of ownership, contract changes, performance of obligations, etc.
• G. heads the system of courts of general jurisdiction and the system of commercial courts
• H. resolves cases regarding the constitutionality of normative legal acts of all levels

Match the words with the definitions:
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• A. An amendment
• B. A bill
• C. A clause
• D. A debate
• E. a change to the wording of a Bill or a motion that is proposed by an MP or member of the House of Lords
• F. a proposal for a new law, or a proposal to significantly change an existing law
• G. part of a Bill
• H. a formal discussion of a specific proposal (motion) in the House of Commons or House of Lords
  

Match the types of law with examples:
_{Тип ответа: Сопоставление}

• A. Sacred law
• B. Tort law
• C. Land rights
• D. Private law
• E. the women shall not tear their faces nor wail on account of the funeral
• F. the use of another person’s property without their permission
• G. let them keep the road in order; if they have not paved it, a man may drive his team where he likes
• H. one party files a suit claiming a breach of contract, the first question the judge must answer is whether a contract existed between the parties
  

Match the words with their definitions:
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• A. Clerk
• B. Budget
• C. The Cabinet
• D. Frontbencher
• E. the senior permanent official of Parliament who advises on procedure and records the decisions of the house, and is the administrative head of the Parliament Secretariat
• F. a plan placed before Parliament each year showing what money the government expects to receive (revenue) and how the government wants to spend it (expenditure)
• G. the team of ministers in the Government who are chosen by the Prime Minister to lead on specific policy areas
• H. either a Government minister or an Opposition shadow spokesperson

The Archbishop discusses the implications of some interpretations of Western … legal systems
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• holy
• secular
• religious

In the UK, the Commons is chaired by the …
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• queen
• speaker
• chairman
  

Any criminal trial begins with the …
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• opening arguments of the defense attorney
• interviewing the witnesse
• selection of the jury
  

Early Roman law was drawn from … and statutes, but later during the times of the empire, the emperors asserted their authority as the ultimate source of law
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• custom
• cases
• tales

A … is an order that serves as a specific type of authorization and is regarded as a writ issued by a competent officer that permits an otherwise illegal act that would violate individual rights
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

In the UK, … is considered the “upper chamber”
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• the House of Lords
• the House of Knights
• the House of Commons
• the Senate
  

It is not correct that … belongs to the courts of the general jurisdiction
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• trial court
• mediation court
• court of cassation appeal
• court of supervisory appeal
  

The … of the Russian Federation is a judicial body of constitutional review, which independently exercises judicial power by means of constitutional judicial proceedings
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• Supreme Court
• Constitutional Court
• Administrative Court
  

In Russia, … laws shall be adopted by the State Duma
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

Traditionally, members of the British police must gain a certain level of academic … at school and undergo a period of intensive training
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• qualifications
• certificates
• aptitude
  

Two bodies of the British Parliament are …
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• The Senate and the House of Representatives
• The House of Lords and the House of Commons
• The Legislative and Executive branches
• The House of Commoners and the House of Lords
  

In Russia, the two chambers of the legislature also have the power to override a presidential … of legislation
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• veto
• vote
• election
  

The … deals primarily with issues of concern to the subnational jurisdictions
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• State Duma
• Federal Assembly
• Federation Council
  

The houses also form Parliamentary … and commissions to deal with particular types of issues
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• Chambers
• Committees
• Inner houses
  

Match the words with their definitions:
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• A. Session
• B. Term
• C. Direct tax
• D. Impeach
• E. the regular period of time during which a legislative body conducts business
• F. the specified length of time served by elected officials in their elected offices
• G. a tax that must be paid by the person on whom it is levied
• H. formal charge brought against a public official by the lower house in a legislative body

The Federation Council has less power than the …
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• State Duma
• Federal Assembly
• Federation Council
  

Each house elects a … to control the internal procedures of the house
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• speaker
• president
• chairman
  

The State Duma votes on the compromise …
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

Russia’s legislature is called the …
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• Senate
• Congress
• Federal Assembly
  

Consultation documents produced by the Government in the UK are called … papers
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• Red
• White
• Green
• Purple

Arrange the milestone documents chronologically:
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1. The Bill of Rights (UK)
2. The US Declaration of Independence
3. The Universal Declaration on Human Rights
4. The Russian Federation Constitution

The English legal profession is divided into two branches: … and barristers
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In the UK, one term in the lower chamber of the Parliament is … years
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• six
• five
• four
  

Solicitors can represent clients personally in the lower … and with specialist training are also able to … them in higher courts
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

MPs’ elections are called … elections
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• local
• general
• territorial
  

The Head of the Parliament in the UK is the …
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• queen
• prime minister
• speaker
  

The House of … represents the people of Britain
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• Lords
• Commons
• Nobles
  

In the UK, there are four Inns of Court: Middle Temple, … Temple, Gray’s Inn and Lincoln’s Inn
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

The Royal Mounted Police came from …
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• Russia
• Canada
• England
  

During police academy training in the UK, recruits required to test on themselves …
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• pepper spray
• rubber bullets
• fire arm

A … crime is a crime to possess, manufacture, or distribute drugs classified as having a potential for abuse
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• drug-defined
• drug-related
• drug-provided

Law … is a broad term that refers to the act of preventing, correcting, finding, and punishing any violations of the Law of the Land in the concerned country or organization
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• enforcement
• order
• disregard

The practice of police sketches appeared in … in the 19th century
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• Russia
• Italy
• France
  

Match the types of law with examples:
_{Тип ответа: Сопоставление}

• A. Sacred law
• B. Tort law
• C. Land rights
• D. Public law
• E. the women shall not tear their faces nor wail on account of the funeral
• F. if one is slain while committing theft by night, he is rightly slain
• G. let them keep the road in order; if they have not paved it, a man may drive his team where he likes
• H. treason: he who shall have roused up a public enemy or handed over a citizen to a public enemy must suffer capital punishment

… law is a body of religious law governing the conduct of members of a particular faith
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Trusts are now generally dealt with as part of the business of the … Division in the High Court
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

Nowadays legal scholars distinguish two vast areas of law. They are Public and Private law. What is the difference between these areas?
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• Private law refers to the relationship between individual citizens. Public law refers to the relationship between individual citizens and the state. Both private and public law relate to whom the law is applicable to. The classic distinction is that private law relates to the relationship between individual citizens, whereas public law relates to the relationship between the citizen and the state
• Public law refers to the relationship between individual citizens. Private law refers to the relationship between individual citizens and the state. Neither private law nor and public relates to whom the law is applicable to
• Private law relates to crimes committed inside the home and is about preventing these crimes. Public law relates to crimes committed in public places and the duty of the law enforcement agencies is to stop such crimes

… can be included in any legal system (chose 2 correct answers)
_{Тип ответа: Множественный выбор}

• Rules
• People
• Jobs
• Procedures
  

The … system is a legal system for assessing and collecting taxes
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

A legal system for determining the facts at issue in a lawsuit is called … system
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• tax
• law
• jury

All the laws begin as documents called ….
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}