the ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of india - ccras ( pdfdrive )

THE AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIAOF INDIATHE AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIAOF INDIAPART - II (FORMULATIONS)VOLUME - IFirst EditionGOVERNMENT OF INDIAMINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFAREDEPARTMENT OF AYURVEDA, YOGA & NATUROPATHY,UNANI, SIDDHA AND HOMOEOPATHY,NEW DELHI2007CONTENTSLEGAL NOTICESGENERAL NOTICES--PAGEXIIXIIIPREFACEINTRODUCTION--XXIIIXXX( A.F.I. ( A.F.I. ( A.F.I. ( A.F.I. ( A.F.I.

( A.F.I. ( A.F.I. ( A.F.I. ( A.F.I. ( A.F.I. ( A.F.I. ( A.F.I. -1247101317202326293235MONOGRAPHSAvaleha:General Description1. A¾°ā¬gāvaleha2. Bhallātakādi Modaka3. Bilvādi Leha4. Citraka Harītakī5. Cyavanaprāśa6. Kalyā´aka leha7. Kūsmāndaka Rasāyana8. Mrdvīkādi lehya9.

Pūga Kha´²a10. Sū¨anāvaleha11. Vāsāvaleha12. Vyāghrī HarītakīCūr´a:General Description13. Āmalakyādi Cūr´a14. Avipattikara Cūr´a15. Bālacāturbhadrikā Cūr´a16. Elādi Cūr´a17. Hi¬gva¾°aka Cūr´a18. Navāyasa Cūr´a19. Nimbādi Cūr´a20. Pañcasama Cūr´aII )I)I)I)I)II )I)I)I)I)I)II )38( A.F.I. - I )( A.F.I.

- I )( A.F.I. ( A.F.I. - I )( A.F.I. - I )( A.F.I. ( A.F.I. ( A.F.I. -3941I)434547I)I)I)49515321. Pu¾yānuga Cūr´a( A.F.I. - I )5522. Tālīsādya Cūr´a23. Vaiśvānara Cūr´aGh¨ta:General Description24. Brāhmī Gh¨ta( A.F.I. - I )( A.F.I. - I )575961( A.F.I. - I )6325. Daśamūla Gh¨°a26. Daśamūla¾a°palaka Gh¨°a27. Dhātryādi Gh¨°a28. Jātyādi Gh¨°a29. Kalyā´aka Gh¨°a( A.F.I. ( A.F.I. ( A.F.I. ( A.F.I. - I )( A.F.I. -I)I)I)656871I)7530.

Pañcagavya Gh¨°a31. Pañcatikta Gh¨°a32. Phala Gh¨°a33. Sārasvata Gh¨°a34. Traika´°aka Gh¨°a35. Triphalā Gh¨°aGuggulu:General Description36. Kaiśora GugguluGutika:General Description37. Maricādi Gut#ikāāra$Ks / Lava´aGeneral Description38. Apāmārga Ks$āra39. Arka Lava´a40. Kalyā´aka Ks$āra41. Mūlaka Ks$āra42. Palāśa Ks$āra43. Yava Ks$āraTaila:General Description44.Balāgu²ūcyādi Taila45.Dhānvantara Taila46.Gandharvahas°a Taila47.Ko°°amcukkādi Taila48.K¾īrabalā Taila49.Saindhavādi TailaLepa:General Description50.Dārvī Malahara (Gel)( A.F.I.

( A.F.I. ( A.F.I. - I )( A.F.I. ( A.F.I. - I )( A.F.I. -I)I)78807382I)8587I)90( A.F.I. - I )939497(A.F.I. - I )98( A.F.I. - I )( A.F.I. - I )( A.F.I. - I )( A.F.I. - I )( A.F.I. - I )( A.F.I. - I )( A.F.I. ( A.F.I. ( A.F.I. ( A.F.I. ( A.F.I. ( A.F.I. -100101103105107109111I)I)I)I)I)I)(Based on Charaka Chi. 25/93)APPENDIX – 1.

Apparatus for Tests & Assays1131151171201221241261281291331.1 Nessler Cylinders1.2 Sieves1331331.3 Thermometers1.4 UV Lamps1.5 Volumetric Glassware1.6 Weights and Balances1.7 Muslin Cloth134134135135135APPENDIX – 2. Tests and Determinations1362.1 Microscopic Identification2.2 Determination of Quantitative Data2.2.1 Net Content2.2.2 Foreign Matter2.2.3 Total Ash2.2.4 Acid-Insoluble Ash2.2.5 Water-Soluble Ash2.2.6 Sulphated Ash2.2.7 Alcohol-Soluble Extractive2.2.8 Water-Soluble Extractive1361401401401401401401401411412.2.9 Ether-Soluble Extractive (Fixed Oil Content)2.2.10 Moisture Content (Loss on Drying)2.2.11 Volatile Oil in Drugs2.2.12 Special Processes Used In Alkaloidal Assays2.2.13 Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)2.2.14 Starch Estimation (Mont Gomery, 1957)2.2.15 Sugar Estimation (Mont Gomery, 1957)2.2.16 Fatty oil Estimation2.2.17 Protein Estimation (Lowry et al, 1951)2.2.18 Method for Alkaloid Estimation2.3Limit Tests2.3.1 Limit Test for Arsenic2.3.2 Limit Test for Chlorides2.3.3 Limit Test for Heavy Metals2.3.4 Limit Test for Iron2.3.5 Limit Test for Lead2.3.6 Limit Test for Sulphates2.3.7 Heavy Metals by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry1411411421431441461471471471471471481531531561561581582.4.

Microbial Limit Tests2.4.1. Total Aerobic Microbial Count2.4.2. Tests for Specified Micro-organisms2.5. Pesticide Residues1631721751792.5.1 Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Pesticide Residues2.5.2. Test for Pesticides2.5.3. Quantitative Analysis2.6. Gas Chromatography2.7. Test for Aflatoxin181182183186188APPENDIX – 3. Physical Tests and Determinations3.1. Refractive Index3.2. Weight per Millilitre and Specific Gravity3.3. Determination of pH Value3.4.

Determination of Melting and Congealing Range3.4.1 Determination of Melting Range3.4.2 Determination of Congealing Range3.5 Determination of Boiling Range3.6. Determination of Optical Rotation3.7. Determination of Viscosity3.8. Determination Total Solids3.9 Solubility in Water3.10. Determination of Saponification Value3.11. Determination of Iodine Value3.12.

Determination of Acid Value3.13. Determination of Peroxide Value3.14. Determination of Unsaponifiable Matter3.15. Detection of Mineral Oil (Holde’s Test)3.16. Rancidity Test (Kreis Test)3.17. Determination of Alcohol Content190190190191191191194195196198199199199200201201202202203203APPENDIX – 4. Reagents and Solution207APPENDIX – 5. Chemical Tests and Assays2395.1.1. Estimation of Total Phenolics5.1.2. Estimation of Total Tannins5.1.3.

Estimation of Sugars5.1.3.1. Reducing Sugars5.1.3.2. Total Sugars5.1.3.3. Non-reducing Sugars5.1.4. Estimation of Curcumin by TLC Densitometer5.2.1. Determination of Aluminium5.2.2. Determination of Borax5.2.3. Determination of Calcium5.2.4. Determination of Copper5.2.5. Determination of Iron (Fe)5.2.6.

Determination of Magnesium2392392392402402402412412422422432432445.2.7. Determination of Mercury5.2.8. Determination of Silica (SiO2)5.2.9. Estimation of Sodium and Potassium by Flame Photometry5.2.10. Determination of Sodium chloride5.2.11. Determination of Sulphur5.2.12.- Qualitative Reactions of some Radicals:APPENDIX – 6. Ayurvedic Definition and Methods6.1. Kalpanā Paribhāsā6.1.1. Kalka6.1.2. Kvātha / Ka¾āya6.1.3. Cūr´a6.1.4.

Pu°apāka Svarasa6.1.5. Svarasa6.1.6. Hima Ka¾āya6.2. Sāmānya Paribhā¾ā6.2.1. Kajjalī6.2.2. Kā®jika6.2.3. K¾āra6.2.4 Cūr´odaka6.2.5. Prak¾epa6.2.6. Bhāvanā6.2.7. Śodhana6.2.7.1. Godanti Śodhana6.2.7.2. Gairika Śodhana6.2.7.3. Gandhaka Śodhana:6.2.7.4. Guggulu Śodhana:6.2.7.5. ¯a¬ka´a Śodhana:6.2.7.6. Tuttha Śodhana:6.2.7.7.

Bhallātaka Śodhana:6.2.7.8. Manaªśilā Śodhana:6.2.7.9. Vatsanābha Śodhana:6.2.7.10. Śilājatu Śodhana:6.2.7.11. Haritāla Śodhana:6.2.7.12. Hi¬gu Śodhana:6.2.7.13. Pārada Sāmānya Śodhana:6.2.7.14. A¾°asa¼skāra of Pārada6.2.8. Mūrchana6.2.8.1. Mūrchana of Era´²a Taila6.2.8.2. Mūrchana of Gh¨ta2442452452462462462482482482482482482482482492492492492492492502502502502512512512512522522522522532532532542572582586.2.8.3.

Mūrchana of Taila6.3. Yantra Paribhā¾ā6.3.1. Khalva Yantra6.3.2. Tiryak pātana Yantra2592592602606.3.3. ±amarū Yantra6.3.4. Dolā Yantra260260APPENDIX – 7. Weights and Measures.7.1 Metric Equivalents of Classical Weights and Measures.7.2 Metric System.261261262APPENDIX – 8.

Classical Ayurvedic References.263APPENDIX – 9. List of Single Drugs used in Formulation, with LatinNomenclatures276APPENDIX – 10. Bibliography.280LEGAL NOTICESIn India there are laws dealing with drugs that are the subject of monographswhich follow. These monographs should be read subject to the restrictions imposed bythese laws wherever they are applicable.It is expedient that enquiry be made in each case in order to ensure that theprovisions of the law are being complied with.In general, the Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1940 (subsequently amended in 1964 and1982), the Dangerous Drugs Act, 1930 and the Poisons Act, 1919 and the rules framedthereunder should be consulted.Under the Drugs & Cosmetics Act, the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India(A.P.I.), Part-II, Vol.

I, is the book of standards for compound formulations includedtherein and the standards prescribed in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-II,(Formulation) Vol. I, would be official. If considered necessary these standards can beamended and the Chairman of the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee’s authorised toissue such amendements. Whenever such amendments are issued the AyurvedicPharmacopoeia of India, Part-II (Formulation), Vol. I, would be deemed to have beenamended accordingly.GENERAL NOTICESTitle : The title of the book is “Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-II (Formulations)Volume-I. Wherever the abbreviation “API, Pt.-II,Vol.-I” is used, it may be presumed tostand for the same and the supplements or amendments thereto.Name of the Formulation: The name given on top of each monograph is in Samskrt, asmentioned in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India (AFI) and will be considered official.These names have been arranged in English alphabetical order under each category ofdosage form.Ingredients and Processes: Formulations are prepared from individual ingredients thatcomply with the requirements for those individual ingredients for which monographs areprovided in the volumes of API, Part-I.

Where water is used as an ingredient it shouldmeet the requirements for Potable Water covered by its monograph in the AyurvedicPharmacopoeia of India-Part-I.Monograph for each formulation includes the full composition together withdirections for its preparation. Such composition and directions are intended forpreparation of small quantities for short-term supply and use. When so prepared, nodeviation from the stated composition and directions is permitted. However, if such apreparation is manufactured on a large scale with the intention of sale or distribution,deviations from the directions given are permitted, but maintaining the same ratio asstated in the monographs with the ingredients complying with the compendialrequirements, and also that the final product meets the following criteria:(a) complies with all of the requirements stated in the monograph on compoundformulations,(b) in the composition of certain formulations it has been allowed that a specified part ofthe plant may be substituted by another part of the same plant.

In such cases themanufacturer should mention on the label the actual part of the plant used in theformulation.(c) wherever an ‘official substitute’ is provided for, deviation from the originalformulation is permitted, using the ‘official substitute’.(d) wherever a formulation composition specifies a drug that is banned from commerce,this may be omitted, and the fact mentioned on the label.If a preparation is intended to be stored over a period of time, deterioration due tomicrobial contamination may be inhibited by the addition to the formula of a permittedpreservative.