Hartl, Jones - Genetics. Principlers and analysis - 1998, страница 2

Lyon 1961Gene action in the X chromosome of the mouse (Mus musculusL.)276GeNETics on the Web303Chapter 8The Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses3068-1 The Genetic Organization of Bacteria and Viruses3088-2 Bacterial Mutants3118-3 Bacterial Transformation3128-4 Conjugation314Plasmids314Hfr Cells317Time-of-Entry Mapping319F' Plasmids3248-5 Transduction3258-6 Bacteriophage Genetics329Plaque Formation and Phage Mutants330Genetic Recombination in Virulent Bacteriophages331Fine Structure of the rII Gene in Bacteriophage T43368-7 Genetic Recombination in Temperate Bacteriophages340Lysogeny340Specialized Transducing Phage3458-8 Transposable ElementsTransposons in Genetic Analysis346349Chapter End MaterialChapter Summary350Key Terms351Review the Basics352Guide to Problem Solving352Analysis and Applications353Challenge Problems356Further Reading357Special FeaturesConnection: The Sex Life of BacteriaJoshua Lederberg and Edward L.

Tatum 1946322Gene recombination in Escherichia coliConnection: Is a Bacteriophage an "Organism"?Alfred D. Hershey and Raquel Rotman 1948Genetic recombination between host-range and plaque-typemutants of bacteriophage in single bacterial cells329Connection: ArtooSeymour Benzer 1955Fine structure of a genetic region in bacteriophage334GeNETics on the Web354Page viiiChapter 9Genetic Engineering and Genome Analysis9-1 Restriction Enzymes and Vectors358360Production of Defined DNA Fragments360Recombinant DNA Molecules362Plasmid, Lambda, Cosmid, and P1 Vectors3659-2 Cloning Strategies365Joining DNA Fragments366Insertion of a Particular DNA Molecule into a Vector366The Use of Reverse Transcriptase: cDNA and RT-PCR369Detection of Recombinant Molecules370Screening for Particular Recombinants372Positional Cloning3729-3 Site-Directed Mutagenesis3749-4 Reverse Genetics377Germ-Line Transformation in Animals377Genetic Engineering in Plants3809-5 Applications of Genetic Engineering382Giant Salmon with Engineered Growth Hormone382Engineered Male Sterility with Suicide Genes383Other Commercial Opportunities384Uses in Research386Production of Useful Proteins386Genetic Engineering with Animal Viruses387Diagnosis of Hereditary Diseases3889-6 Analysis of Complex Genomes388Sizes of Complex Genomes388Manipulation of Large DNA Fragments390Cloning of Large DNA Fragments390Physical Mapping392The Genome of E.

coli395The Human Genome395Genome Evolution in the Grass Family3989-7 Large-Scale DNA Sequencing400Complete Sequence of the Yeast Genome400Automated DNA Sequencing401Chapter End MaterialChapter Summary405Key Terms406Review the Basics406Guide to Problem Solving406Analysis and Applications407Challenge Problems409Further Reading409Special FeaturesConnection: Hello, Dolly!Ian Wilmut, Anagelika E.

Schnieke, Jim McWhir, Alex J. Kind,and Keith H. S. Campbell 1997Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells380Connection: YAC-ity YACDavid T. Burke, Georges F. Carle and Maynard V. Olson 1987Cloning of large segments of exogenous DNA into yeast bymeans of artificial chromosome vectors393GeNETics on the Web408Chapter 10Gene Expression41010-1 Proteins and Amino Acids41210-2 Relations between Genes and Polypeptides415What Are the Minimal Genetic Functions Needed for Life?10-3 Transcription416418General Features of RNA Synthesis418Messenger RNA42310-4 RNA Processing424Termination436Monocistronic and Polycistronic mRNA43610-5 Translation430Initiation431Elongation433Termination436Monocistronic and Polycistronic mRNA436Chapter End MaterialChapter Summary452Key Terms453Review the Basics453Guide to Problem Solving453Analysis and Applications455Challenge Problems457Further Reading457Page ix10-6 The Genetic Code438Genetic Evidence for a Triplet Code439Elucidation of the Base Sequences of the Codons442A Summary of the Code443Transfer RNA and Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Enzymes444Redundancy and Wobble445Nonsense Suppression447The Sequence Organization of a Typical Prokaryotic mRNAMolecule44910-7 Overlapping Genes44910-8 Complex Translation Units45010-9 The Overall Process of Gene Expression451Special FeaturesConnection: One Gene, One EnzymeGeorge W.

Beadle and Edward L. Tatum 1941Genetic control of biochemical reactions in Neurospora420Connection: Messenger LightSydney Brenner, François Jacob and Matthew Meselson 1961An unstable intermediate carrying information from genes toribosomes nature of the genetic code for proteind439Connection: Uncles and AuntsFrancis H. C. Crick, LeslieBarnett, Sydney Brenner, and R.

J. Watts-Tobin, 1961General nature of the genetic code for proteins442GeNETics on the Web454Chapter 11Regulation of Gene Activity11-1 Transcriptional Regulation in Prokaryotes45846011-2 Lactose Metabolism and the Operon462Lac- Mutants462Inducible and Constitutive Synthesis and Repression463The Repressor464The Operator Region464The Promoter Region465The Operon Model of Transcriptional Regulation465Positive Regulation of the Lactose Operon46811-3 Regulation of the Tryptophan OperonAttenuation47147311-4 Regulation in Bacteriophage λ47611-5 Regulation in Eukaryotes479Differences in Genetic Organization of Prokaryotes andEukaryotes11-6 Alteration of DNA480480Gene Dosage and Gene Amplification480Programmed DNA Rearrangements481Antibodies and Antibody Variability483Gene Splicing in the Origin of T-Cell Receptors487DNA Methylation48711-7 Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes488Galactose Metabolism in Yeast488Yeast Mating Type490Transcriptional Activator Proteins491Hormonal Regulation493Transcriptional Enhancers494The Logic of Combinatorial Control499Enhancer-Trap Mutagenesis499Alternative Promoters50011-8 Alternative Splicing50111-9 Translational Control50311-10 Is There a General Principle of Regulation?504Chapter End MaterialChapter Summary504Key Terms505Review the Basics506Guide to Problem Solving506Analysis and Applications508Challenge Problems509Further Reading509Special FeaturesConnection: Operator? Operator?François Jacob, David Perrin, Carmen Sanchez, and JacquesMonod 1960The operon: A group of genes whose expression is coordinatedby an operator467Connection: Sex-Change OperationsJames B.

Hicks, Jeffrey N. Strathern, and Ira Herskowitz 1977The cassette model of mating-type interconversion484GeNETics on the Web506Page xChapter 12The Genetic Control of Development51012-1 Genetic Determinants of Development51312-2 Early Embryonic Development in Animals514Autonomous Development and Intercellular Signaling514Early Development and Activation of the Zygote Genome518Composition and Organization of Oocytes51812-3 Genetic Control of Cell Lineages519Genetic Analysis of Development in the Nematode520Mutations That Affect Cell Lineages522Types of Lineage Mutations522The lin-12 Developmental-Control Gene52612-4 Development in Drosophila529Maternal-Effect Genes and Zygotic Genes532Genetic Basis of Pattern Formation in Early Development532Coordinate Genes534Gap Genes538Pair-Rule Genes538Segment-Polarity Genes538Homeotic Genes54012-5 Genetic Control of Development in Higher PlantsFlower Development in Arabidopsis543545Combinatorial Determination of the Floral Organs545Chapter End MaterialChapter Summary548Key Terms550Review the Basics550Guide to Problem Solving550Analysis and Applications551Challenge Problems552Further Reading552Special FeaturesConnection: Distinguished LineagesJohn E.

Sulston, E. Schierenberg, J. G. White, and J. N.Thomson 1983The embryonic cell lineage of the nematode Caenorhabditiselegans521Connection: Embryo GenesisChristiane Nüsslein-Volhard and Eric Wieschaus 1980Mutations affecting segment number and polarity inDrosophila535GeNETics on the Web552Chapter 13Mutation, DNA Repair, and Recombination55413-1 General Properties of Mutations55613-2 The Molecular Basis of Mutation557Base Substitutions557Insertions and Deletions558Transposable-Element Mutagenesis55913-3 Spontaneous Mutations561The Nonadaptive Nature of Mutation561Measurement of Mutation Rates563Hot Spots of Mutation56513-4 Induced Mutations566Base-Analog Mutagens567Chemical Agents That Modify DNA569Misalignment Mutagenesis571Ultraviolet Irradiation571Ionizing Radiation572Genetic Effects of the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident57513-5 Mechanisms of DNA Repair577Mismatch Repair578Photoreactivation580Excision Repair581Postreplication Repair582The SOS Repair System58213-6 Reverse Mutations and Suppressor Mutations583Intragenic Suppression583Intergenic Suppression585Reversion As a Means of Detecting Mutagens, Carcinogens58513-7 RecombinationThe Holliday Model586587Asymmetrical Single-Strand Break Model590Double-Strand Break Model590Chapter End MaterialChapter Summary593Key Terms594Review the Basics594Guide to Problem Solving594Analysis and Applications596Challenge Problems597Further Reading597Special FeaturesConnection: X-Ray DazeHermann J.

Muller 1927Artificial transmutation of the gene574Connection: Replication Slippage in Unstable RepeatsMicheline Strand, Tomas A. Prolla, R. Michael Liskay, andThomas D. Petes 1993Destabilization of tracts of simple repetitive DNA in yeast bymutations affecting DNA mismatch repair579GeNETics on the Web595Page xiChapter 14Extranuclear Inheritance14-1 Recognition of Extranuclear Inheritance598600Mitochondrial Genetic Diseases601Heteroplasmy602Maternal Inheritance and Maternal Effects60314-2 Organelle Heredity604RNA Editing605The Genetic Codes of Organelles605Leaf Variegation in Four-O'clock Plants606Drug Resistance in Chlamydomonas609Respiration-Defective Mitochondrial Mutants610Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Plants61214-3 The Evolutionary Origin of Organelles61314-4 The Cytoplasmic Transmission of Symbionts61414-5 Maternal Effect in Snail-Shell Coiling61714-6 In Search of Mitochondrial ''Eve"618Chapter End MaterialChapter Summary621Key Terms622Review the Basics622Guide to Problem Solving623Analysis and Applications623Challenge Problems625Further Reading625Special FeaturesConnection: Chlamydomonas MomentRuth Sager and Zenta Ramanis 1965Recombination of nonchromosomal genes in Chlamydomonas608Connection: A Coming TogetherLynn Margulis (formerly Lynn Sagan) 1967The origin of mitosing cells619GeNETics on the Web624Chapter 15Population Genetic and Evolution62615-1 Allele Frequencies and Genotype Frequencies628Allele Frequency Calculations628Enzyme Polymorphisms629DNA Polymorphisms63015-2 Systems of Mating632Random Mating and the Hardy-Weinberg Principle634Implications of the Hardy-Weinberg Principle635A Test for Random Mating635Frequency of Heterozygotes637Multiple Alleles638X-linked Genes63915-3 DNA Typing and Population SubstructureDifferences among Populations639642DNA Exclusions15-4 Inbreeding644645The Inbreeding Coefficient646Allelic Identity by Descent646Calculation of the Inbreeding Coefficient from Pedigrees647Effects of Inbreeding64915-5 Genetics and Evolution64915-6 Mutation and Migration650Irreversible Mutation650Reversible Mutation65215-7 Natural Selection652Selection in a Laboratory Experiment652Selection in Diploids654Components of Fitness654Selection-Mutation Balance655Heterozygote Superiority65615-8 Random Genetic Drift658Chapter End MaterialChapter Summary661Key Terms662Review the Basics662Guide to Problem Solving664Analysis and Applications664Challenge Problems666Further Reading667Special FeaturesConnection: A Yule Message from Dr.