Основы светотехники на английском языке, страница 11

Please note that the lamp needs a certain warm-uptime before reaching full brightness. Do not look directly into the lamp, protect your eyes!Experiment:••Plug the high-pressurehalogen lamp into thesocket provided.L1First set up the circuit asshown in figure 4.1.3.1.N LAMP DQ1•Measure the voltage U andthe current I.•Calculate the active powerP of the halogen lamp fromthe measured values forvoltage and current or measure the active power witha power meter if available.Figure 4.1.3.1 Experiments setup 1 – primary side measurementP = U ⋅ I ⋅ cos ϕL1••Determine the power factorcos ϕ by calculation ormea-surement.Measure the illuminance Eonly at a distance of 0.5 mhorizontally to the lamp.•Enter all the measured values in table 4.1.3.•Then set up the circuit asshown in figure 4.1.3.2 andrepeat the experiment.E1NQ1NE1Figure 4.1.3.2 Experiments setup 2 – secondary side measurement68Experiments with the SPECIAL LAMP BOARDCharacteristic Values of a High-pressure Halogen LampU/VΙ/AP/Wcos ϕE / lxExperiment 1Experiment 2Table 4.1.3Evaluation:Question: What is the value of the power loss (active losses) of the operating equipment and the electrical efficiency of the illumination?Answer:Experiments with the SPECIAL LAMP BOARDCharacteristic Values of a Sodium Vapour High-pressure Lamp694.2Characteristic Values of a Sodium Vapour High-pressure Lamp4.2.1Characteristic valuesTask:Determine the characteristic values electrical power, illuminance, light current, light yield, luminous intensity and light quantity of the sodium vapour high-pressure lamp used here.

A lux meter and a power meterare required to conduct the experiment. Use the mains switch for switching on/off the unit. Please notethat the lamp requires a certain warm-up time before reaching full brightness. Do not look directly intothe lamp, protect your eyes!Experiment:•Screw the sodium vapour high-pressure lamp into the socket provided.•Set up the circuit as shown in figure 4.2.1.1.L1N LAMP DQ1E1NFigure 4.2.1.1 Experiments setup•Measure the consumed electrical power Pel. of the lamp with the power meter.Pel .

= WMeasure the illuminance E of the sodium vapour high-pressure lamp with the lux meter. The illuminance is made up of five different measured values as shown in figure 4.2.1.2. The measuring distance from the lamp is in each case r = 0.5 m.E=Then calculate the light current Φ of the lamp from the illuminance.The illuminated area is assumed here as 5/6 of the circumferenceof a sphere.E=EVEV + E H 1 + E H 2 + E H 3 + E H 4= lx5ΦAŸΦ = E⋅AwithΦ = E ⋅ A = lmEH2EH1EH4EH3A = 56 ⋅ 4 ⋅ π ⋅ r 2Figure 4.2.1.2 Measuring of theilluminance E70•Experiments with the SPECIAL LAMP BOARDCharacteristic Values of a Sodium Vapour High-pressure LampThen calculate the luminous efficiency η of the sodium vapour high-pressure lamp from the light current.η=•Pel .= lmWDetermine the luminous intensity Ι of the lamp at a solid angle of Ω = 10.47 sr (5/6 sphere).I=•ΦΦ= cdΩCalculate the light quantity Q for a life of t = approx. 10000 h.Q = Φ ⋅ t = Mlmh•Enter all the values in the table 4.2.1.Pel.

/ WTable 4.2.1E / lxA/m2Φ / lmη/mxW-1Ι / cdQ / MlmhExperiments with the SPECIAL LAMP BOARDCharacteristic Values of a Sodium Vapour High-pressure Lamp4.2.271Illuminance dependent on the warm-up timeTask:Record the characteristic E = f (t) of illuminance dependent on the warm-up time t. A lux meter and aclock (or preferably a stop watch) are required to conduct the experiment. Use the mains switch forswitching on/off the unit.

Please note that the lamp needs a certain warm-up time before reaching fullbrightness. Do not look directly into the lamp, protect your eyes!Experiment:•Screw the sodium vapourhigh-pressure lamp into thesocket provided.•Set up the circuit as shown infigure 4.2.2.1.•Measure the illuminance at adistance of 0.5 m horizontallyto the lamp every 30 seconds.••Enter the values in the table4.2.2.L1N LAMP DQ1E1NFigure 4.2.2.1 Experiments setupDraw the characteristic in thediagram in figure 4.2.2.2 using the values from the table.0t / min0.511.5232.53.544.55 … 10E / lxTable 4.2.2t / min12001000800E / lx 6004002000012345Figure 4.2.2.2 Illuminance of a sodium vapour high-pressure lamp67891072Experiments with the SPECIAL LAMP BOARDCharacteristic Values of a Sodium Vapour High-pressure LampEvaluation:Question 1: What can be said about the characteristic curve of illuminance?Answer:Question 2: Why can a sodium vapour high-pressure lamp not be re-ignited immediately in the warmstate?Answer:Experiments with the SPECIAL LAMP BOARDCharacteristic Values of a Sodium Vapour High-pressure Lamp734.2.3 Power ratiosTask:Determine the characteristic values current, voltage, active power, power factor and illuminance of the sodium vapour high-pressure lamp used here.

A lux meter and a power meter or cos-ϕ meter are required toconduct the experiment. Both the power and the power factor (phase angle) can be measured with theUniversal Power Meter (Type 1091). Measure the characteristic values on the primary and secondaryside. If only a power meter or a cos-ϕ meter is available, one variable must be calculated from the other.Use the mains switch for switching on/off the unit. Please note that the lamp needs a certain warm-uptime before reaching full brightness. Do not look directly into the lamp, protect your eyes!Experiment:••Screw the sodium vapourhigh-pressure lamp into thesocket provided.L1First set up the circuit asshown in figure 4.2.3.1.•Measure the voltage U andthe current I.•Calculate the active powerP of the sodium vapourhigh-pressure lamp fromthe values measured forvoltage and current ormeasure the active powerwith a power meter if available.N LAMP DQ1E1NFigure 4.2.3.1 Experiments setup 1 – primary side measurementL1P = U ⋅ I ⋅ cos ϕ•Determine the power factorcos ϕ by calculation ormeasurement.•Measure the illuminance Eonly at a distance of 0.5 mhorizontally to the lamp.•Enter all the measured values in the table 4.2.3.•Then set up the circuit asshown in figure 4.2.3.2 andrepeat the experiment.Q1NE1Figure 4.2.3.2 Experiments setup 2 – secondary side measurement74Experiments with the SPECIAL LAMP BOARDCharacteristic Values of a Sodium Vapour High-pressure LampU/VΙ/AP/Wcos ϕE / lxExperiment 1Experiment 2Table 4.2.3Evaluation:Question: What is the value of the power loss (active losses) of the operating equipment and the electrical efficiency of the illumination?Answer:Experiments with the SPECIAL LAMP BOARDCharacteristic Values of a Mercury Vapour High-pressure Lamp754.3Characteristic Values of a Mercury Vapour High-pressure Lamp4.3.1Characteristic valuesTask:Determine the characteristic values electrical power, illuminance, light current, light yield, luminous intensity and light quantity of the mercury vapour high-pressure lamp used here.

A lux meter and a power meter are required to conduct the experiment. Use the mains switch for switching on/off the unit. Please notethat the lamp requires a certain warm-up time before reaching full brightness. Do not look directly intothe lamp, protect your eyes!Experiment:•Screw the mercury vapour high-pressure lamp into the socket provided.•Set up the circuit as shown in figure 4.3.1.1.L1Q1NE1Figure 4.3.1.1 Experiments setup•Measure the consumed electrical power Pel. of the lamp with the power meter.Pel . = W•Measure the illuminance E of the mercury vapour high-pressure lamp with the lux meter. The illuminance is made up of five different measured values as shown in figure 4.3.1.2.

The measuring distance from the lamp is in each case r = 0.5 m.E=•Then calculate the light current Φ of the lamp from the illuminance.The illuminated area is assumed here as 5/6 of the circumferenceof a sphere.E=EVEV + E H 1 + E H 2 + E H 3 + E H 4= lx5ΦAŸΦ = E⋅AwithΦ = E ⋅ A = lmEH2EH1EH4EH3A = 56 ⋅ 4 ⋅ π ⋅ r 2Figure 4.3.1.2 Measuring of theilluminance E76•Experiments with the SPECIAL LAMP BOARDCharacteristic Values of a Mercury Vapour High-pressure LampThen calculate the luminous efficiency η of the mercury vapour high-pressure lamp from the light current.η=•Pel .= lmWDetermine the luminous intensity Ι of the lamp at a solid angle of Ω = 10.47 sr (5/6 sphere).I=•ΦΦ= cdΩCalculate the light quantity Q for a life of t = approx.

15000 h.Q = Φ ⋅ t = Mlmh•Enter all the values in the table 4.3.1.Pel. / WTable 4.3.1E / lxA/m2Φ / lmη/mxW-1Ι / cdQ / MlmhExperiments with the SPECIAL LAMP BOARDCharacteristic Values of a Mercury Vapour High-pressure Lamp774.3.2 Illuminance dependent on the warm-up timeTask:Record the characteristic E = f (t) of illuminance dependent on the warm-up time t. A lux meter and aclock (or preferably a stop watch) are required to conduct the experiment. Use the mains switch forswitching on/off the unit. Please note that the lamp needs a certain warm-up time before reaching fullbrightness.

Do not look directly into the lamp, protect your eyes!Experiment:•Screw the mercury vapour high-pressurelamp into the socket provided.•Set up the circuit as shown in figure4.3.2.1.•Measure the illuminance at a distance of0.5 m horizontally to the lamp every 30seconds.•Enter the values in the table 4.3.2.•Draw the characteristic in the diagram infigure 4.3.2.2 using the values from thetable.0t / min0.51L1Q1NE1Figure 4.3.2.1 Experiments setup1.5232.53.544.55 … 10E / lxTable 4.3.2t / min12001000800E / lx 6004002000012345Figure 4.3.2.2 Illuminance of a mercury vapour high-pressure lamp67891078Experiments with the SPECIAL LAMP BOARDCharacteristic Values of a Mercury Vapour High-pressure LampEvaluation:Question 1: What can be said about the characteristic curve of illuminance?Answer:Question 2: Why is no firing device necessary for operating the mercury vapour high-pressure lamp?Answer:Experiments with the SPECIAL LAMP BOARDCharacteristic Values of a Mercury Vapour High-pressure Lamp4.3.379Power ratiosTask:Determine the characteristic values current, voltage, active power, power factor and illuminance of themercury vapour high-pressure lamp used here.