Y. Karpenkina_Summary (Советизация еврейского населения Западной Белоруссии (1939-1941 гг.)), страница 6
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The Jewish populationreceived desirable equality and - at the beginning - even some advantages over another ethnicgroups of the Borderland region. As a result, in first months after the annexation WesternJ. T. Gross. Revolution from Abroad: The Soviet Conquest of Poland’s Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002).2724Belorussian Jews were significantly presented in the local authority. However, the situationdramatically changed and in January 1940 the campaign of sending “loyal cadres” to govern newregions began. Taking the leading positions, vostochniki were replacing the locals, among whomthere were a lot of Jews.
In my opinion, this purge of the local party apparatus and administrativeinstitutions from Jews was the reaction to the consequences of Jewish activity expansion causedby providing them with equal rights.Meanwhile, there were categories of the Jewish population which had not been accepted intothe new social structure such as devoted Zionists and Bundists, active rabbis and prosperousentrepreneurs. Although the category of the lishentsy (“disenfranchised”) had ceased to exist inthe USSR by 1939, the above mentioned social groups of the Jewish population, in fact, could beconsidered as such.In these years, the events in the Borderlands developed quite fast. Although by June 1941 themajority of local Jews have been clearly disappointed in the Soviet system, nevertheless, theymanaged to get used to it.
Hence, by June 1941 Western Belorussian Jewish population had beenkeeping loyalty to the Soviet authority, being afraid of the Nazi regime which anti-Semitic policybecame more and more aggressive.The alternative came soon after the end of war. In June 1945, the former Polish Jews accordingto the Soviet-Polish agreement on repatriation got the possibility to reobtain the Polish citizenship.As a result, in the first post-war years about 180,000 of 230,000 Jews of Western Belorussia andWestern Ukraine managed to return to Poland.28 More than 30,000 of them emigrated from theUSSR in 1957.29 It was a real “foot voting”.
Does this story point the just negative experience of28According to the official note of A. N. Kosygin to V. M. Molotov (2.04.1946), by 1 April 1946, i.e. during the firsttwo years after signing the agreement on repatriation, 222 470 former Polish citizens in the USSR were registered,and 186 350 persons of them were approved to return to Poland // RGASPI. F. 82. Op. 2.
D. 1296. L. 2.D. Engel. “Poland since 1939” In YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Easternhttp://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Poland/Poland_since_1939. Access on 11 June 2017.29Europe:25Polish Jews living in the USSR? The issues connected with the post-war fate of WesternBelorussian Jewish population are beyond the scope of my study, and definitely requires muchdeeper engagement.26A full list of the author’s publications1. Karpenkina, Yanina V. “Metody sovetizacii evreev Zapadnoj Belorussii v 1939-1941 gg.” InEvrei Evropy i Blizhnego Vostoka: tradiciya i sovremennost'.
Istoriya, yazyki, literatura. Issue11 (Saint-Petersburg: Sankt-Peterburgskij institut iudaiki, 2016), 227-233.2. Karpenkina, Yanina V. “ Evrejskoe naselenie i ehkonomicheskie preobrazovaniya v ZapadnojBelorussii” In Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im. N.I. Lobachevskogo, No. 3, 2016: 2532.3. Karpenkina, Yanina V. “Evrei Zapadnoj Belorussii: vstrecha s Krasnoj armiej (sentyabr' 1939goda)” In Novoe v nauke i obrazovanii: Ezhegodnaya mezhdunarodnaya nauchnoprakticheskaya konferenciya. 13 aprelya 2016 g.: Sbornik trudov (Moscow: MAKS Press,2016), 285-291.4.
Karpenkina, Yanina V. “Sovetiziruya evreev: iz istorii sovetskoj obrazovatel'noj politiki vZapadnoj Belorussii, 1939-1941 gg.” In Rossijskaya istoriya, No. 5, 2017: 154-166.5. Karpenkina, Yanina V. “«Di Rusn!»: Evrei Zapadnoj Belorussii vstrechayut Krasnuyu armiyu,1939-1941 gg.” In Vestnik Tverskogo universiteta. Seriya: Istoriya, No. 3, 2017: 140-148.6. Karpenkina, Yanina V.
“«Kvartirnyj vopros» v Zapadnoj Belorussii i evrejskoe naselenie, 19391940 gg.” In The Soviet and Post-Soviet Review, No. 1, Vol. 45, 2018: 73-98.7. Karpenkina, Yanina V. “Zapretit' nel'zya razreshit': sovetskaya religioznaya politika v ZapadnojBelorussii po otnosheniyu k iudaizmu v 1939-1941 gg.” In Tirosh: Trudy po iudaike, No. 17,2018: 161-171.8.
Karpenkina, Yanina V. “Sovetskie grazhdane v Zapadnoj Belorussii v 1939-1941 gg.” InVoprosy istorii, No. 6, 2018: 48-56..
