Часть 1 (B. Alberts, A. Johnson, J. Lewis и др. - Molecular Biology of The Cell (5th edition)), страница 4

Simon(CaliforniaInstituteof Technology),JonathanSlack(CancerResearch,UK),AlisonSmith(JohnInnesInstitute,Norfolk,UK),JohnMaynardSmith(Universityof Sussex,UK),FrankSolomon(MassachusettsInstituteof Technology),Michael(UniversitySolurshof lowa),BruceSpiegelman(HarvardMedicalSchool),(HarvardTimothySpringerMedicalSchool),MathiasSprinzl(Universityof Bayreuth,Germany),ScottStachel(Universityof California,Berkeley),(UniversityAndrewStaehelinof Colorado,Boulder),(UniversityDavidStandringof California,SanFrancisco),(UniversityMargaretStanleyof Cambridge),MarthaStark(Universityof California,SanFrancisco),WilfredStein(HebrewUniversity,lsrael),(princetonMalcolmSteinbergUniversity),PaulSternberg(CaliforniaInstituteof Technology),ChuckStevens(TheSalkInstitute),MurrayStewart(MRCLaboratoryof MolecularBiology,Cambridge),Monroe(UniversityStrickbergerof Missouri,St.Louis),RobertStroud(Universityof California,SanFrancisco),MichaelStryxer(Universityof California,SanFrancisco),WilliamSullivan(Universityof California,SantaCruz),DanielSzollosi(lnstitutNationalde la RechercheAgronomique,France),JackSzostak(MassachusettsGeneralHospital),(KyotoMasatoshiTakeichiUniversity),CliffordTabin(HarvardMedicalSchool),DiethardTautz(Universityof Cologne,Germany),JulieTheriot(StanfordUniversity),RogerThomas(Universityof Bristol,UK),VernonThornton(King'sCollegeLondon),(UniversityCheryllTickleofDundee,Scotland),JimTill(OntarioCancerInstitute,Toronto),LewisTilney(Universityof Pennsylvania),NickTonks(ColdSpringHarborLaboratory),(lnstituteAlainTownsendof MolecularMedicine,JohnRadcliffe(AnthonyHospital,Oxford),PaulTraversNolanResearchInstitute,(UMDNJ,London),RobertTrelstadRobertWoodJohnsonMedicalSchool),AnthonyTrewavas(EdinburghUniversity,Scotland),NigelUnwin(MRCLaboratoryofMolecular(UniversityBiology,Cambridge),VictorVacquierofCalifornia,5anDiego),HarryvanderWesten(Wageningen,TheNetherlands),TomVanaman(Universityof Kentucky),HaroldVarmus(Sloan-KetteringInstitute),AlexanderVarshavsky(CaliforniaInstituteof Technology),MadhuWahi(UniversityofCalifornia,5anFrancisco),VirginiaWalbot(StanfordUniversity),FrankWalsh(Glaxo-Smithkline-Beecham,UK),TrevorWang(JohnInnesInstitute,Norwich,UK),Yu-LieWang(WorcesterFoundationfor BiomedicalResearch),AnneWarner(UniversityCollegeLondon),GrahamWarren(YaleUniversitySchoolof Medicine),(MountSinaiSchoolof Medicine),PaulWassarmanFionaWatt(CancerResearch,(TheScrippsUK),ClareWaterman-StorerResearchInstitute),FionaWatt(CancerResearch,UK),JohnWatts(JohnInnesInstitute,Norwich,UK),KlausWeber(MaxPlanckInstitutefor BiophysicalChemistry,Gottingen),MartinWeigert(lnstituteof CancerResearch,Philadelphia),HaroldWeintraub(deceased),KarstenWeis(Universityof California,Berkeley),lrving(StanfordUniversity),Weissman(UniversityJonathanWeissman(Stanfordof California,SanFrancisco),NormanWessellsUniversity),JudyWhite(Universityof Virginia),StevenWest(CancerResearch,UK),WilliamWickner(DartmouthCollege),Michael(ChironCorporation),Wilcox(deceased),LewisT.WilliamsKeithWillison(ChesterBeattyLaboratories,London),JohnWilson(BaylorUniversity),AlanWolffe(deceased),RichardWolfenden(Universityof NorthCarolina,ChapelHill),SandraWolin(yaleUniversitySchoolof Medicine),LewisWolpert(UniversityCollegeLondon),RickWood(CancerResearch,UK),AbrahamWorcel(Universityof Rochester),NickWright(CancerResearch,UK),JohnWyke(BeatsonInstitutefor CancerResearch,Glasgow),KeithYamamoto(Universityof California,5anFrancisco),CharlesYocum(Universityof Michigan,AnnArbor),peter(UMDNJ,YurchencoRobertWoodJohnsonMedicalSchool),RosalindZalin(UniversityCollegeLondon),PatriciaZambryski(Universityof California,Berkeley).A Noteto the ReaderStructure of the BookAlthough the chapters of this book can be read independently of one another,they are arranged in a logical sequence of five parts.

The first three chapters ofPart I cover elementary principles and basic biochemistry. They can serve eitheras an introduction for those who have not studied biochemistry or as a refreshercourse for those who have.Part II deals with the storage, expression and transmission of genetic information.Part III deals with the principles of the main experimental methods forinvestigating cells. It is not necessary to read these two chapters in order tounderstand the later chapters, but a reader will find it a useful reference.Part IV discusses the internal organization of the cell.Part V follows the behavior of cells in multicellular systems, starting withcell-cell junctions and extracellular matrix and concluding with tvvo chapters onthe immune system.

Chapters 2l-25 can be found on the Media DVD-ROMwhich is packaged with each book, providing increased portability for students.End-of-Chapter ProblemsA selection of problems, written by Iohn Wilson and Tim Hunt, now appears inthe text at the end of each chapter. The complete solutions to these problemscan be found in Molecular Biology of the CelI, Fifth Edition: The Problems Book.ReferencesA concise list of selectedreferencesis included at the end of each chapter. Theseare arranged in alphabetical order under the main chapter section headings.These references frequently include the original papers in which important discoveries were first reported.

Chapter 8 includes several tables giving the dates ofcrucial developments along with the names of the scientists involved. Elsewherein the book the policy has been to avoid naming individual scientists.Media CodesMedia codes are integrated throughout the text to indicate when relevant videosand animations are available on the DVD-ROM. The four-letter codes areenclosed in brackets and highlighted in color, like this <ATCG>.The interface forthe CeII Biology Interactiue media player on the DVD-ROM contains a windowwhere you enter the 4-letter code.

lVhen the code is typed into the interface, thecorresponding media item will load into the media player.GlossaryTermsThroughout the book, boldface type has been used to highlight key terms at thepoint in a chapter where the main discussion of them occurs. Italic is used to setoff important terms with a lesser degree of emphasis. At the end of the book isthe expanded glossary, covering technical terms that are part of the commoncurrency of cell biology; it is intended as a first resort for a reader who encounters an unfamiliar term used without explanation.Nomenclature for Genes and ProteinsEach species has its own conventions for naming genes; the only common feature is that they are always set in italics.

In some species (such as humans)' genenames are spelled out all in capital letters; in other species (such as zebrafish),case and rest in lower case; or (as in Drosophila) with different combinations ofupper and lower case,according to whether the first mutant allele to be discovered gave a dominant or recessivephenotype. conventions for naming proteinproducts are equally varied.This typographical chaos drives everyone crazy. lt is not just tiresome andabsurd; it is also unsustainable.

we cannot independently define a fresh convention for each of the next few million species whose genes we may wish tostudy. Moreover, there are many occasions, especially in a book such as this,where we need to refer to a gene generically,without specifliing the mouse version, the human version, the chick version, or the hippopotamus version,because they are all equivalent for the purposes of the discussion. \.A/hatconvention then should we use?We have decided in this book to cast aside the conventions for individualspecies and follow a uniform rule: we write all gene names, like the names of people and places, with the first letter in upper case and the rest in lower case,but allin- italics, thus: Apc, Bazooka, cdc2, Disheuelled,Egll. The corresponding protein,where it is named after the gene, will be written in the same way, but in romanrather than italic letters:Apc, Bazooka, cdc2, Dishevelled,Egll.

lvhen it is necessary to specify the organism, this can be done with a prefix to the gene name.For completeness,we list a few further details of naming rules that we shallfollow In some instances an added letter in the gene name is traditionally usedto distinguish between genes that are related by function or evolution; foi thosegeneswe put that letter in upper case if it is usual to do so (LacZ,RecA,HoxA4).we use no hyphen to separate added letters or numbers from the rest of thename. Proteins are more of a problem. Many of them have names in their ownright, assigned to them before the gene was named.

such protein names takemany forms, although most of them traditionally begin with a lower-case letter(actin, hemoglobin, catalase), Iike the names of ordinary substances (cheese,nylon), unless they are acronyms (such as GFB for Green Fluorescent protein, orBMP4, for Bone Morphogenetic Protein #4).To force all such protein names intoa uniform style would do too much violence to established usages,and we shallsimply write them in the traditional way (actin, GFB etc.). For thl correspondinggene names in all these cases,we shall nevertheless follow our standard rule:Actin, Hemoglobin, catalase, Bmp4, G/p. occasionally in our book we need tohighlight a protein name by setting it in italics for emphasis; the intention willgenerally be clear from the context.For those who wish to know them, the Table below shows some of the official conventions for individual species-conventions that we shall mostlv vioIate in this book, in the manner shor.tm.MouseHumanZebrafishCoenorhabditisDrosophilaYeastSoccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast)Schizosaccharomyces pombe(fissionyeast)ArabidopsisE.coliHoxo4Bmp4integrinu-|, ltgalHOXA4cyclops,cycunc-6sevenless,sey(namedafterrecessivemutantphenotype)Defarmed,Dfd (namedafterdominantmutantphenotype)CDC28Cdc2GAIuvrAHoxa4BMP4integrincr1HOXA4Cyclops,CycUNC-6Sevenless,SEVDeformed,DFDDeformed, DfdDeformed, DfdCdc28,Cdc28pCdc2,Cdc2pGAIUvrACdc28Cdc2Cdc28Cdc2GAIUvrAHoxA4HoxA4Bmp4lntegrin d,l,ltgalBMP4i n t e g r i na 1HoxA4HoxA4Cyclops,CycUnc6Cyclops,CycUnc6Sevenless,SevSevenless,SevGaiUvrAAncillariesMolecular Biolagy of the Cell,Fifih Edition:The ProblemsBookby Iohn Wilson and Tim Hunt (ISBN:978-0-8I 53-4f 10-9)The ProblemsBook is designedto help students appreciatethe ways in whichexperimentsand simple calculationscan lead to an understandingof how cellswork.

It providesproblemsto accompanyChaptersI-20 of MolecularBiologyofthe Cell. Each chapter of problems is divided into sectionsthat correspondtothose of the main textbook and review key terms, test for understandingbasicproblems.MolecularBiologyof the Cell,Fifthconcepts,and poseresearch-basedBookshould be useful for homework assignmentsand asEdition: TheProblem.sa basisfor classdiscussion.It could evenprovide ideasfor examquestions.Solutions for all of the problems are provided on the CD-ROMwhich accompaniesthe book.

Solutionsfor the end-of-chapterproblemsin the main textbookarealso found in TheProblemsBook.MBoCSMediaDVD-ROMThe DVD included with everycopy of the book contains the figures,tables,andpresentations,one formicrographsfrom the book,pre-loadedinto PowerPoint@eachchapter.A separatefolder containsindividual versionsof eachfigure,table,and micrograph in JPEGformat. The panels are availablein PDF format. Therearealsoover 125videos,animations,molecularstructuretutorials, and high-resolution micrographson the DVD.The authors have chosento include materialthat not only reinforcesbasicconceptsbut alsoexpandsthe contentand scopeof the book.The multimedia can be accessedeither asindividual files or throughthe Cell BiologyInteractiuemedia player.As discussedabove,the media playerhas been programmedto workwith the Media Codesintegratedthroughout thebook.