M. Ibbotson - Professional english in use engineering

CAMBRIDGErofessionalEnglishMark IbbotsonProfessionalEnglish inUseEngineeringTechnical English for ProfessionalsMark Ibbotson.. :·:... CAMBRIDGE:::UNIVERSITY PRESSCAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESSCambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo, DelhiCambridge University PressThe Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UKwww.cambridge.orgInformation on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521734882© Cambridge University Press 2009This publication is in copyright.

Subject to statutory exceptionand to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,no reproduction of any part may take place without the writtenpermission of Cambridge University Press.First published 2009Produced by Kamae Design, OxfordPrinted in the United Kingdom at the University Press, CambridgeA catalogue record for this publication is available from the British LibraryISBN 978-0-521-73488-2 Edition with answersCambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence oraccuracy of URLs for external or third-party Internet websites referredto in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on suchweb sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Informationregarding prices, travel timetables and other factual information given in thiswork are correct at the time of going to print but Cambridge UniversityPress does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter.ContentsINTRODUCTION6m Material typesDESIGNDDrawings8A Drawing types and scalesB Types of views used on drawingsDDesign development10A Initial design phaseB Collaborative developmentII Design solutions12A Design objectivesB Design calculationsMEASUREMENTII Horizontal and verticalmeasurements1416A Centrelines and offsetsB GridsaDimensions of circlesD1820A Precision and toleranceB FitaNumbers and calculations22A Decimals and fractionsB Addition, subtraction, multiplicationand divisionII Area, size and mass2430OJ Non-ferrous meta ls32A Carbon steelsB Alloy steelsc CorrosionA Common non-ferrous engineeringmetalsB Plating with non-ferrous metalsm Polymers34m Minerals and ceramics36A Mineral and ceramic engineeringmaterialsB Glass38A Concrete mix designB Reinforced concretem Wood401m Material properties 142A Categories of woodB Solid structural timberc Engineered woodA Tensile strength and deformationB Elasticity and plasticityc Stages in elastic and plasticdeformation1m Material properties 244A HardnessB Fatigue, fracture toughness and creepc Basic thermal propertiesA AreaB Weight, mass, volume and densityIDJ Measurable parametersm Steel1m ConcreteA Key dimensions of circlesB Pipe dimensionsDimensional accuracy28A Metals and non-metalsB Elements, compounds and mixturesc Composite materialsA Natural and synthetic polymersB Thermoplastics and thermosettingplasticsA Linear dimensionsB Level and plumbII locating and setting outMATERIALS TECHNOLOGY26A Supply, demand and capacityB Input, output and efficiencyProfessional English in Use Engineering3STATIC AND DYNAMIC PRINCIPLESf1!J Forming, working andheat-treating metal46A Casting, sintering and extruding48MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLY50A 3D forms of edges and jointsB 3D forms of holes and fastenersm Machining 1Machining 25254mMechanical fasteners 1586062Engine revsD FrictionIJB Energy76IDJ Heat and temperature78m Fluid containment80C Pumps, fans and turbinesNon-mechanical joints 2A Specialized welding techniques8 Brazing and soldering474A Pipes, ducts and hosesB TankstechniquescSimple machinesFLUIDSA Welding8 Common gas and arc weldingfiJcA Changes of temperature and stateB Heat transferRivetsEm Non-mechanical joints 172A Forms of energyB Energy efficiencyC Work and powerA ScrewsB Screw anchorscmachinesENERGY AND TEMPERATUREC WashersMechanical fasteners 2ID Motion and simplec56A Bolts8 Preload in bolted jointsfJJgravityFrames and trussesA Angular motionB Rotary and reciprocating motionA Attaching and supportingB Fitting togetherfll70A Statically determinate structuresB Resultant forces and centre ofIIJ Moving partstechniquesLaser cutting and UHP waterjetsInterconnection68A Acceleration and motionB InertiaA Guillotining and punching8 High-temperature metal cuttingcm Structural mechanicscA Machining and CNCB Machining with cutting toolsfiJm failureForce, deformation andA Types of force and deformationB Types of failureA Raw materials for processingB Formats of processed materialsm 30 component features66A LoadB Stress and strainmetalB Working metalc Heat-treating metalm Material formats1m Load, stress and strainAdhesivesProfessional English in Use Engineering64~ Fluid pressureA Gauge pressure and absolutepressureB Hydrostatic pressure and siphonicaction82OJ Fluid dynamics84Appendix I98Three-dimensional drawingsA Fluid dynamics and aerodynamicsB Dragc Laminar flow and turbulent flow0 AerofoilsAppendix II99ShapesAppendix IllMECHANISMS100Units of measurementIIi)Engines and motors86A Types and functions of engines andmotorsB Internal combustion enginesCD Transmission 1104Chemical elementsAppendix V88A GearsB Gear ratiosC Types of gear wheelID Transmission 2Appendix IV106Structural elements and types of loadAppendix VI108Moments90Appendix VII109Vapour, cooling and thermal inertiaA Chains, sprockets and pulleysB Conversion between reciprocatingand rotary motionAppendix VIII110The electromagnetic spectrumELECTRICITYGD Current, voltage andresistanceAppendix IXPipe and hose fittings and valves92A Electric currentB Voltage and resistancec Electrical powerm Electrical supplyA Simple circuitsB Mains AC circuits and switchboardsc Printed and integrated circuitsD Electrical and electronic componentsAppendix X112Siphonic actionAppendix XI94A Direct current and alternatingcurrentB AC generation and supplyc DC generation and useem Circuits and components111113Managing rotary motionAppendix XII114Electrical and electronic componentsAppendix XIII96118Sensing, measuring and regulatingdevicesAnswer key119Index130Acknowledgements143Professional English in Use Engineering5IntroductionWho is this book for?Professional English in Use Engineering presents around 1,500 of the most importanttechnical words and phrases in English that engineers and engineering technicians needfor their work.

The vocabulary has been carefully chosen to include:•terms that are essential in all fields of engineering - for example, all engineers need todiscuss dimensions and tolerances, know the names of common materials, and describehow components are fitted and fixed together•language for discussing and applying key engineering concepts - for example, stressand strain, work and power, and fluid dynamics•more specific language for mechanical, electrical and civil/structural engineering.This book is for professional engineers who are already familiar with engineeringconcepts and for students of engineering.

Language teachers who teach technical Englishwill also find the explanations helpful. The level of English used is intermediate to upperintermediate (Levels B1 to B2 in the Common European Framework).You can use the book on your own for self-study, or with a teacher in the classroom,one-to-one or in groups.Professional English in Use Engineering is part of the Professional English in Use seriesfrom Cambridge University Press.

More information on this series is available atwww.cambridge.org/eltHow is the book organized?The book has 45 units which are grouped into nine themes. Each theme covers animportant area of engineering such as Materials technology, Static and dynamic principlesand Mechanisms.

Each unit has two pages. The left-hand page explains key words andphrases and shows you how they are used in context. The right-hand page has exerciseswhich allow you to practise the new language and improve your understanding of how itis used. The Over to you activities at the end of each unit (see opposite) are discussionand/or writing activities.There are 13 appendices which provide the professional and student engineer with areference of English terms used in key engineering activities.

For example, language fordescribing three-dimensional drawings and shapes, the names for the chemical elementsand terms for sensing, measuring and regulating devices.The answer key at the back of the book contains answers to all the exercises on the righthand pages. Most of the exercises have questions with only one correct answer.The index lists all the key words and expressions presented in the book, together withthe numbers of the units in which they are presented. It also shows how the terms arepronounced.The left-hand pageThis page presents the key words and phrases for each topic in bold.

Key vocabulary isintroduced using short texts, scripts, diagrams and tables. Many vocabulary items areillustrated. Each unit is divided into sections {usually A and B) and each section has aspecific title.Some sections include notes on the key language - for example, explanations of wordsthat have different meanings in technical English and in everyday English, and referencesto other units where related topics or words are covered in more detail.6Professional English in Use EngineeringThe right-hand pageThe exercises on the right-hand page allow you to check your understanding of the wordsand expressions presented on the left-hand page, and to practise using them. There isa wide range of different types of exercise: for example, short texts, gap fills, matchingexercises, crosswords and notes to complete.'Over to you' sectionsAn important feature of Professional English in Use Engineering is the Over to yousection at the end of each unit.

These sections give you the opportunity to use the wordsand expressions you have just learned, and to relate them to your own work or studies.How to use the book for self-studyYou can work through the book unit by unit, or use the contents page at the front of thebook to choose specific units that are relevant to you.Read the texts on the left-hand page and concentrate on the key words and phrases inbold. If you find technical terms that are not in bold, look at the index to see if theyare explained in another unit. You can also look at the index to help you learn how topronounce new words.

Do the exercises on the right-hand page, then check your answersin the key. If you have made mistakes, go back to the left-hand page and read the textsagain. Do the Over to you section. Try to use as many new words as possible. It is best todiscuss your ideas out loud and to record yourself if you can.How to use the book in a classroomTeachers can use Professional English in Use Engineering to provide a framework for an'English for Engineering' course.The illustrations can often be used as a warm-up activity or as a talking point duringthe lesson. Sometimes, the left-hand page may be used as the basis for a presentation,by either the teacher or the learners. Learners can do the exercises individually or insmall groups. They can then compare answers with other groups or in a whole-classfeedback session.