Wiley.Symbian.OS.Internals.Real.time.Kernel.Programming.Dec.2005.eBook-DDU (Symbian Books)

Symbian OS InternalsReal-time Kernel ProgrammingJane SalesWithAndrew Rogers, Andrew Thoelke, Carlos Freitas,Corinne Dive-Reclus, Dennis May, Douglas Feather,Morgan Henry, Peter Scobie, Jasmine Strong, Jason Parker,Stefan Williams and Tony LofthouseAndJon Coppeard and Martin TaskerReviewed byAndrew Ford, Andrew Jordan, Andrew Thoelke,David Bachelor, Dennis May, Jason Parker,Jonathan Medhurst, Jo Stichbury, Mark Shackman,Nigel Henshaw, Peter Scobie, Richard Fitzgerald,Simon Trimmer, Tony Lofthouse, Trevor Blight andWilliam RobertsSymbian PressHead of Symbian PressPhil NorthamManaging EditorFreddie GjertsenSymbian OS InternalsTITLES PUBLISHED BY SYMBIAN PRESSWireless Java for Symbian DevicesJonathan Allin0471 486841512pp2001PaperbackSymbian OS Communications ProgrammingMichael J Jipping0470 844302418pp2002PaperbackProgramming for the Series 60 Platform and Symbian OSDigia0470 849487550pp2002PaperbackSymbian OS C++ for Mobile Phones, Volume 1Richard Harrison0470 856114826pp2003PaperbackProgramming Java 2 Micro Edition on Symbian OSMartin de Jode0470 092238498pp2004PaperbackSymbian OS C++ for Mobile Phones, Volume 2Richard Harrison0470 871083448pp2004PaperbackSymbian OS ExplainedJo Stichbury0470 021306448pp2004PaperbackProgramming PC Connectivity Applications for Symbian OSIan McDowall0470 090537480pp2004PaperbackRapid Mobile Enterprise Development for Symbian OSEwan Spence0470 014857324pp2005PaperbackSymbian for Software LeadersDavid Wood0470 016833326pp2005HardbackSymbian OS InternalsReal-time Kernel ProgrammingJane SalesWithAndrew Rogers, Andrew Thoelke, Carlos Freitas,Corinne Dive-Reclus, Dennis May, Douglas Feather,Morgan Henry, Peter Scobie, Jasmine Strong, Jason Parker,Stefan Williams and Tony LofthouseAndJon Coppeard and Martin TaskerReviewed byAndrew Ford, Andrew Jordan, Andrew Thoelke,David Bachelor, Dennis May, Jason Parker,Jonathan Medhurst, Jo Stichbury, Mark Shackman,Nigel Henshaw, Peter Scobie, Richard Fitzgerald,Simon Trimmer, Tony Lofthouse, Trevor Blight andWilliam RobertsSymbian PressHead of Symbian PressPhil NorthamManaging EditorFreddie GjertsenCopyright  2005 Symbian LtdPublished byJohn Wiley & Sons, LtdThe Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester,West Sussex PO19 8SQ, EnglandTelephone (+44) 1243 779777Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.ukVisit our Home Page on www.wiley.comAll Rights Reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system ortransmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning orotherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms ofa licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP,UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher.

Requests to the Publisher should be addressed tothe Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, WestSussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to permreq@wiley.co.uk, or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620.Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks.

Allbrand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks orregistered trademarks of their respective owners. The Publisher is not associated with any product orvendor mentioned in this book.This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subjectmatter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in renderingprofessional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of acompetent professional should be sought.Other Wiley Editorial OfficesJohn Wiley & Sons Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USAJossey-Bass, 989 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94103-1741, USAWiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Boschstr.

12, D-69469 Weinheim, GermanyJohn Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd, 42 McDougall Street, Milton, Queensland 4064, AustraliaJohn Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2 Clementi Loop #02-01, Jin Xing Distripark, Singapore 129809John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd, 22 Worcester Road, Etobicoke, Ontario,Canada M9W 1L1Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content thatappears in print may not be available in electronic books.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataSales, Jane.Symbian OS internals : real-time kernel programming / Jane Saleswith Andrew Rogers [.

. . et al.].p. cm.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN-13 978-0-470-02524-6 (pbk. : alk. paper)ISBN-10 0-470-02524-7 (pbk. : alk. paper)1. Real-time control. I. Title.TJ217.7.S25 2005629.8—dc222005018263British Library Cataloguing in Publication DataA catalogue record for this book is available from the British LibraryISBN-13 978-0-470-02524-6ISBN-10 0-470-02524-7Typeset in 10/12pt Optima by Laserwords Private Limited, Chennai, IndiaPrinted and bound in Great Britain by Bell & Bain, GlasgowThis book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainableforestry in which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production.ContentsSymbian Press AcknowledgmentsixAbout this BookxiAbout the Authors1 Introducing EKA21.11.21.31.4The history of EKA2Basic OS conceptsSymbian OS designSummary2 Hardware for Symbian OS2.12.22.32.42.52.62.72.82.92.102.11xiii11341617Inside a Symbian OS phoneSystem-on-Chip (SoC)Random Access Memory (RAM)Flash memoryInterruptsTimersDirect Memory Access (DMA)Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)AudioPower managementSummary17202931333536373941423 Threads, Processes and Libraries453.13.23.33.43.53.6What is a thread?Nanokernel threadsSymbian OS threadsWhat is a process?DProcess classScheduling454662939498viCONTENTS3.73.8Dynamically loaded librariesSummary4 Inter-thread Communication4.14.24.34.44.54.6Client-server ITCAsynchronous message queuesKernel-side messagesPublish and subscribeShared chunks and shared I/O buffersSummary5 Kernel Services5.15.25.35.45.55.6Objects and handlesServices provided to user threadsExample user-accessible servicesServices provided by the kernel to the kernelTimersSummary6 Interrupts and Exceptions6.16.26.36.46.5Exception typesExceptions on real hardwareInterruptsAborts, traps and faultsSummary7 Memory Models7.17.27.37.47.57.67.77.8The memory modelMMUs and cachesThe memory model interfaceThe memory modelsProgrammer APIsMemory allocationLow memorySummary8 Platform Security8.18.28.38.48.5IntroductionUnit of trustCapability modelData cagingSummary9 The File Server9.1Overview112115117117145147150160160161161173183187195206207207210219236249251251253262274298309311314315315317320327330333333CONTENTS9.29.39.49.5The file server client APIThe file serverFile systemsSummary10 The Loader10.110.210.310.410.5E32 image file formatROM image file formatThe loader serverKernel-side code managementSummary11 The Window Server11.111.211.311.411.511.611.711.811.911.1011.1111.1211.13The kernel’s event handlerDifferent types of eventsHow WSERV processes eventsProcessing key eventsProcessing pointer eventsClient queuesA simple handwriting animation DLLWindow objects and classesProperties of windowsDrawing to windowsDirect screen accessPlatform security in WSERVSummary12 Device Drivers and Extensions12.112.212.312.412.512.6Device drivers and extensions in Symbian OSKernel extensionsThe hardware abstraction layerDevice driversDifferences between EKA1 and EKA2Summary13 Peripheral Support13.113.213.313.413.513.613.7DMAShared chunksMedia drivers and the local media sub-systemPeripheral bus controllersMultiMediaCard supportUSB device supportSummaryvii339347364385387387392393412427429429430435436438440442456462466471473474475476488494498544548549549562574589594602612viiiCONTENTS14 Kernel-Side Debug14.114.214.314.414.514.614.7OverviewArchitectureThe kernel debug interfaceTarget debugger agentsStop-mode debug APIKernel trace channelSummary15 Power Management15.115.215.315.415.515.6Power statesPower frameworkTypical power managementManaging idle timeAdvanced power managementSummary16 Boot Processes16.116.216.316.416.5Operating system startupAlternative startup scenariosOperating system shutdownOperating system sleep and wakeup eventsSummary17 Real Time17.117.217.317.417.517.6What is real time?Real time operating systemsEKA2 and real timeReal time application – GSMPersonality layersSummary18 Ensuring Performance18.118.218.3Writing efficient codeMaintaining real-time performanceSummary613613615625640643652658659661663688723727736737737747750762764765765767778788807823825826834850Appendix 1 Glossary851Appendix 2 The E32ImageHeader855Appendix 3 The TRomImageHeader861Appendix 4 Bibliography865Index867Symbian Press AcknowledgementsMany people put many hours into the creation of this book, none moreso than the authors and reviewers.

Symbian Press would like to thankeach of them without restraint for their perseverance and dedication,with a special mention for Dennis, who always seemed to be holding theshort straw.Thanks are also due to Stephen Evans and Akin Oyesola for theirpatience whilst some of their most vital engineers were distracted from‘‘real work’’ for week after long week.About this BookThe latest versions of Symbian OS are based upon Symbian’s new realtime kernel.