Language_Leader_Int_Binder (Language Leader Intermediate), страница 2

Anatomically, there are obviousdifferences between men and women and these are defined even before we are born. Men tendto be aggressive and assertive and are also often antisocial. It is also often said that men aregood at mathematical tasks. Finally, men are presented as being single-minded and unable tocope with more than one task at a time. On the other hand, women are described as peaceloving and sensitive people who are caring and sociable. Typically, they are presented as beingbetter at subjects such as literature and languages.

Finally, women are also referred to as multitaskers able to cope simultaneously with a number of situations.1 When writing comparative texts, there are typically two patterns which are used.One piece of writing may use one of these patterns or a combination of both. If youare aware of the two patterns, it can help to structure your writing.Texts A and B contain the same content. One represents the ‘horizontal’ pattern oforganisation and the other represents the ‘vertical’ pattern of organisation. Whichtext is ‘horizontal’ and which text is ‘vertical’?Horizontal patternVertical patternTaking notes while reading2 A good way to take notes when reading a comparative text is to use a table so youcan easily pick out the points of comparison. Take notes on the texts above using atable with two columns.MenWomenaggressive and assertiveCopyright © 2008 Pearson Education.All rights reserved.www.pearsonlongman.com/languageleader/UNIT 1: STUDY SKILLSTEACHER’S NOTESAim:Time:Materials:1to raise awareness of two typical comparative text patterns;to give practice in note-taking when reading.This worksheet is designed to be used after Lesson 1.5.30 to 60 minutesphotocopies of the worksheet for each studentIf Lesson 1.5 has not been done, students could brainstorm some of the differencesbetween men and women.

Students read the texts to see if they match their ownideas. Students then read Exercise 1 and study the texts again.Text A follows the horizontal pattern. This is where the points of comparison are presentedtogether. The horizontal pattern typically uses more linking words such as ‘while’,‘whereas’, ‘in contrast’ and ‘however’.Text B follows the vertical pattern. This is where all the points of comparison are presentedfor one of the subjects first (in this case ‘men’). Then, the points of comparison for theother subject (‘women’) are presented in the same order.

This pattern is more descriptiveand often uses fewer linking words and phrases.2Students take notes in a table. The point to realise is that a table is an excellent wayto take notes from comparative texts as it gives a visual comparison between themain points.Example answer:MenWomenaggressive and assertivepeace-loving and sensitiveantisocialnurturing, caring, sociablegood at mathematical tasksbetter at literature and languagessingle-minded, single tasks onlymulti-taskersPossible follow-up activities1Students brainstorm points of comparison between two things and write twoparagraphs, one in the vertical pattern and one in the horizontal. Cultural differencesbetween two countries are a good source of ideas.2Students take notes in tables from each other’s texts.Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education.All rights reserved.www.pearsonlongman.com/languageleader/UNIT 2: LANGUAGE PRACTICEPast simple or present perfect?1 Read the extract from the blog (online diary) of someone who has taken six months’leave from work to travel around Central and South America.

Fill in the gaps usingthe past simple or present perfect form of the verb given in brackets and any othergiven words. Do Exercise 2 before checking your answers.It is Saturday and finally I have arrived 1(arrive) in Arequipa in the south-westcorner of Peru after setting off from Quito2ten days ago. I __________ (not / write)anything on my blog since last week and I_____________3 (already / fill up) thememory stick on my new digital camera.

I4_____________ (do) so much this week,5it _____________ (be) truly incredible.I ____________6 (cross) the border with7Ecuador at Tumbes and ____________(look around) for a bit before taking aplane straight to Lima. When I____________8 (get to) Lima, I9____________ (take) a bus to the centreand then a taxi to the hostel that I hadbooked.

I ___________10 (only / stop off)in Lima for a day and then _________11(jump) on a bus straight down to Piscoand then Nazca. I ____________12(always / have) a lifelong ambition to seethe Nazca lines in the desert. I can13honestly say that I ___________ (never /see) anything so amazing in my life.In the middle of the desert, there are hugedesigns and drawings of shapes andanimals that can only be seen from the air.14I __________ (join) a group of five people15from my hotel.

We __________ (take off)in a small plane and ___________16 (circle)17the Nazca lines. The pilot ________ (tilt)the plane to the side so we could lookstraight down at the designs below. I___________18 (even / manage) to takesome photos so click the link to have a lookat my photo album! I must finish uploadingall my photos soon because I___________19 (not / do) them all yet and Ineed the space on my camera. There____________20 (be) too many distractionsthis week! With all this going on, I mustn’tforget that I am going on to Cuzco earlytomorrow morning by train.2 Before you check your answers, try to put the number of each gap in the text intothe table below. This will help you to think about the meaning of each sentence aswell as the form of the verb.Past simple for finishedactions in the past (oftenwhen describing asequence of events or witha specific date/time)Present perfect for finishedactions in a time period thatcontinues up to nowPresent perfect for generallife experience with nospecific time given1Phrasal verbs3 Find the phrasal verbs in the text that have the following meanings:123456leave set offfinish something (leaving no more space)explorearrive instay somewhere briefly / for a short timeleave the ground and go up into the skyCopyright © 2008 Pearson Education.All rights reserved.www.pearsonlongman.com/languageleader/UNIT 2: LANGUAGE PRACTICETEACHER’S NOTESAim:Time:Materials:to give further practice in past simple and present perfect forms;to give further practice in understanding usage of past simple and presentperfect;to revise and extend the phrasal verbs studied in Lesson 2.2.This worksheet is designed to be used after Lesson 2.3.40 to 60 minutesphotocopies of the worksheet for each studentPast simple or present perfect?1Clarify to students that they are recycling and extending the grammar and vocabularyaims of the unit.

Using the Unit 2 Reading worksheet will introduce the topic of onlineblogs and travel diaries. This could be useful to set this worksheet in context.1 have (‘ve) arrived 2 have (‘ve) not written 3 have (‘ve) already filled up 4 have (‘ve)done 5 has (‘s) been 6 crossed 7 looked around 8 got to 9 took 10 only stoppedoff 11 jumped 12 have (‘ve) always had 13 have (‘ve) never seen 14 joined 15 tookoff 16 circled 17 tilted 18 even managed 19 have (‘ve) not done 20 have (‘ve) been2Exercise 2 should help students to reflect further on their answers for Exercise 1.

Itpractises rules presented in Unit 2 of the Course Book.Past simplePresent perfect forPresent perfect forfinished actionsgeneral life experience6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16,17, 181, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 2012, 13Phrasal verbs31 set off 2 fill up 3 look around 4 get to 5 stop off 6 take offPossible follow-up activities1Students write a travel blog or diary about a holiday or journey they have done.Feedback on the texts focussing on the use of past simple and present perfect.Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education.All rights reserved.www.pearsonlongman.com/languageleader/UNIT 2: READINGREFLECTIONS ON MODERN LIFE: TRAVEL BLOGSFor people in the UK, taking a gap year totravel around the world is no longer a rare andunusual thing to do. Many students take ayear out to go travelling after leaving schooland before starting university.

Increasingly,older people are also choosing to take a yearaway from their work or careers in order tospend time travelling to discover new cultures,become more independent and broaden theirhorizons.One major difference between modern-daytravellers and those in the past is the rise oftechnology and the increasing use of onlinewebsites or ‘travel blogs’ to chart a traveller’sprogress around the world. Blogs (a short formof ‘web logs’) are online diaries that open upthe travelling experience to the world. Usingboth text and pictures, travellers cancommunicate their adventures to anyone withaccess to the web simply by stopping off oncein a while in an internet café. Suchadventurers are no longer solitary people whodisappear from society for a year to appear 12months later as changed and wiser people.They no longer carry a diary to fill with notesand sketches.

They are permanentlyconnected to the world.Those who believe that blogging is anessential part of modern life claim that thereare a number of advantages to using travelblogs. One suggested advantage is that youonly need to write once for all your family andfriends to be informed of where you are andwhat you are doing. It is also free. There is awhole range of sites available for you that donot require any payment and give you agenerous amount of storage space foruploading photos. Finally, it is supposed to bea secure way to store your information.

Onceuploaded, your photos are safe. Once saved,the text you have written should be there forgood. So, there is no need to carry a heavydiary with you and the risk of dropping yourvaluable information on a bus you will neversee again is significantly reduced.However, there is a growing feeling that theadvent of such online recording of travelling isactually detracting from the overall experience.There is a strong argument that travelling isessentially a solitary experience.