Константинов Н.А., Лалин В.В., Лалина И.И. - Расчёт статически определимых стержневых систем с использованием SCAD, страница 12

ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɹ ɷɬɢ65ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɟ ɩɪɹɦɵɦɢ ɥɢɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɦ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɷɩɸɪɵ Mɫ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦɢ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 4.4).Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD. ɉɪɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɷɩɸɪɵ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɣ.Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ, ɛɟɡ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɟ, ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɜɵɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ SCAD ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɆɄɗ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɜɚ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɰɚɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ(ɫɦ.

[2, 19] ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ 6 ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ).ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɷɩɸɪɵ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɟ ɫ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɷɩɸɪ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɯɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɸ ɷɬɨɣ ɷɩɸɪɵ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɢ ɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD.ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɷɩɸɪɵ Ɇ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɟ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢɩɨ ɟɝɨ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢȿɫɥɢ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɞɥɢɧɟ Ʉɗ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ, ɬɨ ɷɩɸɪɚ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɧɟɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜɢɞ ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɵɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ.Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɷɩɸɪɵ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɱɟɪɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɪɢ ɟɟɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ: ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹɯ (ɧ) ɢ (ɤ) ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜ ɟɝɨɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ (ɫ).ɉɨɤɚɠɟɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɢ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɣ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɩɨ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɦ ɜ ɤɪɚɣɧɢɯ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹɯ Ʉɗ.ɉ ɪ ɢ ɦ ɟ ɪ 2.

ȼɵɪɟɠɟɦ (ɩɨ ɭɡɥɚɦ «ɧ» (1) ɢ «ɤ» (2) ɆɋɄ) ɢɡ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ, ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ q (ɪɢɫ. 4.5, ɚ).Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɟɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɛɚɥɤɭ ɧɚ ɞɜɭɯ ɨɩɨɪɚɯ, ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɩɨɤɨɧɰɚɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ (ɪɢɫ. 4.5, ɛ).Ⱦɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɯ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɜ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɟ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜɜɵɪɟɡɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɧ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɹɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ(ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ) ɛɭɞɭɬ ɧɭɥɟɜɵɦɢ.ɂɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ M c ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ (ɫɦ.

ɪɢɫ. 4.5, ɛ) ɦɨɠɧɨɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ M c ( ɥɨɦ) 0.5( M ɧ M ɤ (ɪɢɫ. 4.5, ɜ) ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣɷɩɸɪɵ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ (ɥɢɧɢɢ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɢɥɢ «ɥ.ɨ.ɦ») ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ M coql 2 / 8ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɩɸɪɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɛɚɥɤɟ ɧɚ ɞɜɭɯ ɨɩɨɪɚɯ ɨɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ (ɪɢɫ. 4.5, ɝ):(4.2)M c 0.5( M ɧ M ɤ ) MɈɛɟ ɫɭɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ66ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɫɧɢɡɭ ɨɬ ɨɫɢ ɛɚɥɤɢ.ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.6 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚ M c ( ɥɨɦ)(ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚ M co0.5( M ɧ M ɤ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɚql 2 / 8 ɩɪɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ q ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚ).ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.5 ɢ ɪɢɫ.

4.6 ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɝɪɚɮɨɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɩɸɪɵ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɦ ɟɟ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɦ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɦ ( M ɧ , M ɫ , M ɤ ) ɢ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɦɤɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤ ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɚɯ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ (ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵɤɪɟɫɬɢɤɨɦ).ɋɦɵɫɥ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɮɨɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɧɹɬɟɧ, ɟɫɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɧɚɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɯ ɷɩɸɪɭ M (R) ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɲɬɪɢɯɨɜɵɦɢ ɥɢɧɢɹɦɢ.ɗɬɚ ɷɩɸɪɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɩɸɪɨɣ ɜ ɛɚɥɤɟ ɨɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ Rql ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ. ȿɟ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɪɨɜɧɨ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ M ɫo ɨɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ (ɫɦ.

ɪɢɫ. 4.5, ɝ ɢ ɪɢɫ. 4.6).Ɋɢɫ. 4.567Ɋɢɫ. 4.6Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɷɬɨɣ ɷɩɸɪɵ, ɜ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɨɩɨɪ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɤɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤ ɷɩɸɪɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɵ. Ɍɪɟɬɶɹ ɤɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɤ ɤɪɢɜɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɷɩɸɪɟ M oɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɧɟɰ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ M ɫo (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 4.5, ɝ ɢ ɪɢɫ. 4.6).ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɢ ɫɭɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚ M ɫoɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɥ.ɨ.ɦ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɨɫɢ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹ, ɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɤ ɤɪɢɜɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣɷɩɸɪɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɚ ɥ.ɨ.ɦ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.

4.6).ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ (4.1) ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɟ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ. ȼɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.7 ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚ M c ( ɥ.ɨ.ɦ.) 0.5( M ɧ M ɤ ) ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɚ, ɚɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ M ɫoql 2 / 8 ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ M c ( ɥ.ɨ.ɦ.) . ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚ M c ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ.ȼ ɫɯɟɦɟ 3 ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.4 ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ q , ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɦ (ɧ) ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ (ɤ)ɤɨɧɰɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ (4.1) ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɪɚɜɧɵɦɢ:Ɇ ɧrR ˜ (0.5l )ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.

4.7.0.5ql ; M ɤr(4.3)0ɝɪɚɮɨɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɢɟɦɚɞɥɹɷɬɨɝɨɫɥɭɱɚɹɊɢɫ. 4.7Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɟ 3 ɪɢɫ. 4.4 ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɶɧɵɦ, ɬɨɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (4.1):68ql lql 2)˜( ) 0.125q .248Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD. ɉɪɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɷɩɸɪɵ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɣ.Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ, ɫ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɟ, ɫɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɜɵɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ SCAD ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɆɄɗ, ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɪɢɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ: ɞɜɚ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɰɚɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɨɞɧɨ ɩɨ ɟɝɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ (ɫɦ. [2, 19] ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ 6 ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ).M ɫr(Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɟɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ.

ɗɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ.4.3. ɗɩɸɪɚ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ Qɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɷɩɸɪɵ QȾɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɷɩɸɪɵ Q ɜ ɤɚɤɨɦ – ɥɢɛɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ:1. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɜ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɡɧɚɤ.2. Ɉɬɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɨɫɢ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨɡɧɚɤɨɦ Q , ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɟɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ (ɫɦ.

ɪɢɫ. 1.7 ɢ ɪɢɫ.3.10, ɪɢɫ. 3.11).ɉɪɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ (ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ) ɡɧɚɤɟ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɭ ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ (ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ) ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɫɢ Z1 ɆɋɄ, ɬ.ɟ. ɧɚ «ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ»(«ɧɢɠɧɟɣ») ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹ.ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɜ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɡɧɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ.ɋɩɨɫɨɛ 1. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɜ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹɢɡ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɫɥɟɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ ɨɬ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ Qk ɜ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ k ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹɪɚɜɧɨ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɚɥɝɟɛɪɚɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɵ ¦ i Pn, iɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɣ ɜɫɟɯɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɫɢɥ Pi , ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɫ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶ n ɤ ɨɫɢ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹ ɜ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ k :Qk¦ Pn, i ,i(4.4)69Ɂɧɚɤ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ Qk ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɟɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɜɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ k (ɫɦ.

ɪɢɫ. 1.7).ɉɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɭɡɥɚɦ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɬɢɩɚ 2 «ɋɬɟɪɠɟɧɶ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣɪɚɦɵ» ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɤɚ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ Ʉɗ ɛɵɥɨɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɜ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ 3.5.ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɷɩɸɪɵ Q ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹ(ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɹɦɨɦ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɟ) ɛɟɡ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɩɨ ɟɝɨ ɞɥɢɧɟȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɡɧɚɤɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ Qɧ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ (ɧ) ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ(ɪɢɫ. 4.8) ɢ ɨɬɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɟɟ ɜ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ ɨɬ ɨɫɢ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹ.Ɋɢɫ.

4.8ɉɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɩɨ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹ (ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɟ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ Qɧ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɧɟɬɫɹɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹ (ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ), ɜɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟ ( Qɤ Qɧ ). ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɷɩɸɪɚ Q ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜɢɞ,ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.8, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚ, ɢɥɢ ɜɢɞ,ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.9, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɧɚɤ «ɦɢɧɭɫ».ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹɯ «ɧ» (1) ɢ «ɤ» (2) Ʉɗ ɜ ɆɋɄ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɜɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ.ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɭ «ɬɭɩɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɚ»: ɟɫɥɢ ɢɞɬɢ ɩɨ ɷɩɸɪɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɹɧɭɬɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹ, ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹ, ɬɨ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɬɭɩɨɣ ɭɝɨɥ ɫ ɷɩɸɪɨɣ M (ɢɥɢ ɫ70ɤɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤ ɧɟɣ, ɟɫɥɢ ɷɩɸɪɚ M ɤɪɢɜɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɚ) (ɪɢɫ.