Гурова Г.Г., Николаева Н.С. - Обучение разговорной речи и чтению литературы на английском языке по специальности Сварка

Московский государственный технический университетимени Н. Э. БауманаУчебно-методическое пособиеГ. Г. ГУРОВА, Н. С. НИКОЛАЕВАОБУЧЕНИЕ РАЗГОВОРНОЙ РЕЧИИ ЧТЕНИЮ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫНА АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕПО СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТИ «СВАРКА»Издательство МГТУ им. Н. Э. БауманаМосковский государственный технический университетимени Н. Э. БауманаГ. Г. Гурова, Н. С. НиколаеваОбучение разговорной речи и чтениюлитературы на английском языкепо специальности «Сварка»Учебно-методическое пособиеМоскваИздательство МГТУ им.

Н. Э. Баумана2010УДК 808.0ББК 81.2 Англ.-923Г95Г95Гурова Г. Г.Обучение разговорной речи и чтению литературы на английскомязыке по специальности «Сварка» : учеб.-метод. пособие / Г. Г. Гурова, Н. С. Николаева. — М.: Изд-во МГТУ им. Н. Э. Баумана, 2010. —54, [2] с. : ил.В учебно-методическое пособие включены тексты из оригинальнойнаучно-технической английской и американской литературы по специальности «Оборудование и технология сварочного производства», предназначенные для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы студентов. В каждыйурок входят также задания по развитию навыков перевода с английскогоязыка на русский, ведения беседы по основным проблемам, затронутымв пособии, переводу с русского языка на английский и отработке лексических и грамматических трудностей, встречающихся в текстах.Для студентов старших курсов.УДК 808.0ББК 81.2 Англ.-923c МГТУ им.

Н. Э. Баумана, 2010ПредисловиеУчебно-методическое пособие состоит из трех разделов, в которых рассматриваются виды сварных соединений, их элементыи характеристики. В пособие включены тексты из оригинальнойнаучно-технической английской и американской литературы по специальности «Оборудование и технология сварочного производства», предназначенные для аудиторной и самостоятельной работыстудентов. В каждый урок входят также задания по развитию навыков перевода с английского языка на русский, ведения беседыпо основным проблемам, затронутым в пособии, задания по переводу с русского языка на английский, отработке лексическихи грамматических трудностей, встречающихся в текстах.Предназначено для студентов старших курсов машиностроительных специальностей, изучающих сварочные процессы.3Unit 1Weld Joints.

Parts of a JointPreview. In this unit you will study different types of weldjoints, ways of edge preparation and standard terms for thedescription of parts of a joint.Warming-up.1.1. Match the words in A with the definitions in B.AB1. A lap jointa. A joinery technique in which twomembers are joined by simply buttingthem together2. A butt jointb. A joinery technique in which twomembers are located at right angles toeach other3. An edge jointc. A joinery technique used to join theedges of two or more members lying inthe same plane4. Corner and tee jointsd.

A joinery technique used to produce ajoint by overlapping two ends or edges1.2. Before you start reading the text try to answer the followingquestions.1. What parameters are welds classified by? 2. What types of weldsdo you know? 3. How can joints be subdivided within these types?4. What does the choice of weld depend on?41.3. Look through the text and grasp the general idea.Weld JointsThe weld joint is where two or more metal parts are joined by welding.

Welds can be geometrically prepared in many different ways. Thefive basic types of weld joints are the butt, corner, tee, lap, and edge.Other variations exist as well — for example, double-V preparation jointsare characterized by the two pieces of material, each tapering to a singlecentre point at one-half their height. Single-U and double-U preparationjoints are also fairly common — instead of having straight edges likethe single-V and double-V preparation joints, they are curved, formingthe shape of a U. Lap joints are also commonly more than two piecesthick — depending on the process used and the thickness of the material,many pieces can be welded together in a lap joint geometry.A. Butt jointB.

Corner jointC. Tee jointD. Lap jointE. EdgeBasic weld jointsA butt joint is used to join two members aligned in the same plane.This joint is frequently used in plate, sheet metal, and pipe work. A jointof this type may be either square or grooved.5Corner and tee joints are used to join two members located at rightangles to each other. In cross section, the corner joint forms an L-shape,and the tee joint has the shape of the letter T.Various joint designs of both types have uses in many types of metalstructures.

A lap joint, as the name implies, is made by lapping one pieceof metal over another. This is one of the strongest types of joints available; however, for maximum joint efficiency, you should overlap themetals a minimum of three times the thickness of the thinnest memberyou are joining. Lap joints are commonly used with torch brazing andspot welding applications. An edge joint is used to join the edges oftwo or more members lying in the same plane.

In most cases, one ofthe members is flanged. While this type of joint has some applicationsin platework, it is more frequently used in sheet metal work. An edgejoint should only be used for joining metals 1/4 inch or less in thicknessthat are not subjected to heavy loads.Often, particular joint designs are used exclusively or almost exclusively by certain welding processes. For example, resistance spotwelding, laser beam welding, and electron beam welding are most frequently performed on lap joints.

However, some welding methods, likeshielded metal arc welding, are extremely versatile and can weld virtually any type of joint. Additionally, some processes can be used to makemultipass welds, in which one weld is allowed to cool, and then anotherweld is performed on top of it. This allows for the welding of thicksections arranged in a single-V preparation joint, for example. The typeof joint selected for any welding job may materially affect the qualityand strength of the weld; the cost of labour and materials; the time andexpense involved in preparing, jigging, and positioning the work; andother factors of like importance.

The selection of the proper joint typedepends on a number of factors, such as joint thickness and material,desired physical properties in the finished joint, size of the pieces beingwelded, accessibility of the joint, fit-up obtainable, available edge preparation equipment, number of pieces to be welded, and specifications ofregulatory codes (if applicable).(3219)From http://64.78.42.182/sweethaven/BldgConst/Welding/lessonmain.asp?lesNum=3&modNum=261.4. Vocabulary to the text “Weld Joints”. Try to memorize the following words and word combinations:1) a weld, n — сварной шов;2) to be subjected to heavy loads — подвергаться большим нагрузкам;3) to taper [ teıp@], v — сходить на конус, сужаться;4) a preparation joint — подготовленное соединение под сварку;5) to curve [k3:v], v — изгибаться;6) a right angle — прямой угол;7) a cross section — поперечное сечение;8) a multipass weld — многопроходный шов;9) the finished joint — чистовой шов;10) applicable [ æplık@bl], adj — применимый, пригодный;11) accessibility [@k sesı bıl@tı], n — доступность, удобство осмотра и обслуживания;12) to fit-up, v — сборка соединения под сварку;13) positioning [p@ zıS(@)nı ], n — установка в удобном для сваркиположении.Word study1.5.

Read the words correctly. Consult the dictionary if necessary.Geometrically, frequently, to characterize, various, structure, however, quality, to arrange, physical, strength, applicable, accessibility, toaffect, angle, virtually, regulatory, jigging, particular, height.1.6. Read the text again and find the correct endings for the phrasesbelow.1. Double-V preparation joints are characterizeda) by the two pieces of material each tapering to a single centre pointat one-half their width;b) by the two pieces of material each tapering to a single centrepoint at one-third their height;c) by the two pieces of material not tapering to a single centre pointat one-half their height;d) by the two pieces of material each tapering to a single centrepoint at one-half their height.72.

A butt joint is useda) to join two members located at right angles to each other;b) to join two members aligned in the same plane;c) to join two members by lapping one piece of metal over another;d) to join the edges of two or more members lying in the same plane.3. When making up a lap joint, for maximum joint efficiencya) you should overlap the metals a minimum of three times the thickness of the thickest member you are joining;b) you should overlap the metals a minimum of four times the thickness of the thinnest member you are joining;c) you should overlap the metals a minimum of three times the thickness of the thinnest member you are joining;d) you should overlap the metals not more than three times the thickness of the thinnest member you are joining.4.

An edge joint should only be useda) for joining metals one forth inch or less in thickness that are notsubjected to heavy loads;b) for joining metals one forth inch or more in thickness that arenot subjected to heavy loads;c) for joining metals one forth inch or less in thickness that aresubjected to heavy loads;d) for joining metals one fifth inch or less in thickness that are notsubjected to heavy loads.5. Resistance spot weldinga) is most frequently performed on edge joints;b) is most frequently performed on lap joints;c) is less frequently performed on lap joints;d) is most rarely performed on lap joints.6. Shielded metal arc weldinga) can weld only joints that are not subjected to heavy loads;b) is not versatile and can weld virtually only one type of joint;c) is most frequently performed on lap joints;d) is extremely versatile and can weld virtually any type of joint.7.

In cross section, the corner joint formsa) an L-shape;b) a T-shape;8c) a U-shape;d) a V-shape.8. What is one of the strongest types of joints available?a) a butt joint;b) a lap joint;c) an edge joint;d) a corner joint.9. The selection of the proper joint type doesn’t depend ona) the joint thickness and material;b) the number of pieces to be welded;c) the accessibility of the joint;d) the type of testing.10.