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In 1987, a government-contractor teamwon the Collier Trophy for its work on the advanced turboprop project.MissionLewis Research Center defined and developed new propulsion, power,and communications technologies for aeronautical and space applications. Itmanaged a launch vehicle program and cooperated with other NASA activities and other research organizations in managing and supporting research andprograms of national interest.

The center managed research and technologydevelopment programs relevant to advanced aeronautical engines and complete propulsion systems for both civilian and military applications. Lewisalso had responsibility for developing the electrical space power system for thelife support systems and research experiments on the space station.Marshall Space Flight CenterLocationGeorge C.

Marshall Space Flight Center is located at the U.S. Army’sRedstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama. Marshall also manages theMichoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans, Louisiana, and the SlidellComputer Complex in Slidell, Louisiana.DirectorJames R. Thompson, Jr.

(September 1986–July 6, 1989)William R. Lucas (June 1974–July 1986)Rocco A. Petrone (January 1973–March 1974)Eberhard F.M. Rees (March 1970–January 1973)Wernher von Braun (July 1960–January 1970)Deputy DirectorThomas J. (Jack) Lee (December 1980–July 6, 1989)Richard G. Smith (November 1974–August 1978)HistoryMarshall Space Flight Center was established in 1960 and named inhonor of General George C. Marshall. The center became active on July**DB Chap 6(381-403)1/17/022:05 PMPage 401FACILITIES AND INSTALLATIONS4011, 1960, with the transfer of buildings, land, space projects, property, andpersonnel from the U.S. Army Ballistic Missile Agency. Dr.

Wernher vonBraun was the center’s first director.In 1961, Marshall’s Mercury-Redstone launch vehicle boostedAmerica’s first astronaut, Alan B. Shepard, on a suborbital flight. Thecenter’s first major program was the development of the Saturn rockets,the largest of which boosted a NASA crew to the Moon in 1969.

Saturnsalso lifted Skylab and the Apollo spacecraft into Earth orbit for the linkupwith the Russian Soyuz spacecraft in 1975.Other Marshall projects included Pegasus in 1965, the Lunar RovingVehicle in 1971 for transporting astronauts on the lunar surface, Skylab in1973 (the first U.S. crewed orbiting space station, the three High EnergyAstronomy Observatories to study stars and star-like objects, and theHubble Space Telescope.

Marshall was the lead center for NASA’sSpacelab missions. It also had responsibility for the definition and preliminary design of pressurized common modules, environmental control, lifesupport, and propulsive systems, and other elements of the space station.A Marshall-developed propulsion system launched the SpaceShuttle. Marshall provided the Shuttle orbiter’s engines, the externaltank that carried liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen for those engines,and the solid rocket boosters that assisted in lifting the orbiter from thelaunch pad.MissionMarshall Space Flight Center was a management, scientific, andengineering center and emphasized multiple projects involving scientificinvestigation and application of space technology to the solution of problems on Earth.National Space Technology Laboratories/Stennis Space CenterLocationThe National Space Technology Laboratories/Stennis Space Center islocated approximately eighty-eight kilometers northeast of New Orleansin Bay St.

Louis, Mississippi.DirectorJerry I. Hlass (September 1, 1976–January 23, 1989)2Jackson M. Balch (June 1974–August 1976)2Prior to the 1988 renaming of the National Space Technology Laboratoriesto Stennis Space Center, the director and deputy director held the titles of “manager” and “deputy manager,” respectively. Therefore, Hlass was “manager” untilMay 20, 1988, when he became “director.”**DB Chap 6(381-403)1/17/024022:05 PMPage 402NASA HISTORICAL DATA BOOKDeputy DirectorRoy Estess (August 1980–January 23, 1989)Harry Auter (1963–February 1979)HistoryStennis Space Center began as Mississippi Test Operations inOctober 1961 when the federal government selected the area in HancockCounty, Mississippi, for the site of a static test facility for launch vehiclesto be used in the Apollo lunar landing program. The center’s name waschanged to the Mississippi Test Facility in 1965.

It received independentNASA installation status in 1974 and became the National SpaceTechnology Laboratories. In May 1988, it was renamed the John C.Stennis Space Center in honor of U.S. Senator John C. Stennis, a staunchsupporter of the space program.The center has evolved into a multidisciplinary facility made up ofNASA and twenty-two other resident agencies engaged in space and environmental programs and the national defense.

The U.S. Navy was the center’s largest resident agency. During the early years, the center flight-certifiedall first and second stages of the Saturn V rocket for the Apollo program.When the Space Shuttle program got under way, the center flight-certified allthe engines used to boost the Shuttle into low-Earth orbit.MissionThe primary mission of Stennis Space Center was to provide thecapacity to test rocket propulsion engines, systems, and vehicles.

Itsmajor test program was the development and flight certification of theSpace Shuttle Main Engine, which powered the Shuttle during its firstminutes of flight.Wallops Flight CenterLocationWallops Flight Center is located on Wallops Island, off the DelmarvaPeninsula in Virginia, and on additional nearby property on the Virginiamainland.

It is approximately eighty kilometers southeast of Salisbury,Maryland.DirectorAbraham D. Spinak, Acting (August 1981–November 1981)Robert Kreiger (June 1948–August 1981) (actually retired in February1980 but stayed on at the request of the NASA Administrator to helpwith the consolidation with Goddard)**DB Chap 6(381-403)1/17/022:05 PMPage 403FACILITIES AND INSTALLATIONS403Associate DirectorAbraham D. Spinak (August 1966–November 1981)HistoryThe NACA established Wallops Flight Center in 1945 when it authorized Langley Research Center to proceed with the development ofWallops Island as a site for research with rocket-propelled models and asa center for aerodynamic research.

It is one of the oldest launch sites inthe world. Before NASA’s establishment, Wallops helped provide thefoundation for aerodynamic and heat transfer research through the establishment of a high-speed aeronautics launch site that used rockets to propel aircraft models. The facility allowed researchers to overcome thelimited capabilities offered by the wind tunnels of the day.With the establishment of NASA in 1958, research conducted atWallops included developing components for the human space program,including capsule escape techniques, maximum pressure tests, and recovery systems. Wallops provided range support for research in reentry andlife support systems, Scout launch vehicles, and mobile research projects.It also expanded its scope to include Earth studies of ocean processes andused the Wallops Research Airport for runway surface and aircraft noisereduction studies.Wallops met its requirements for propulsion with relatively smallsolid rockets staged in various ways to meet the needs of the researchtask.

The largest and most sophisticated of the launch vehicles was theScout four-stage solid-fuel vehicle that could launch small scientificsatellites, space probes, and reentry missions.The center was consolidated with Goddard Space Flight Center onOctober 19, 1981. At that time, it became Wallops Flight Facility, with thedesignation Suborbital Projects and Operations Directorate.MissionThe Wallops mission included managing and implementing NASA’ssounding rocket and balloon programs, conducting observational Earthsciences studies, providing flight services for scientific investigations,and operating the Wallops Test Range and Orbital Tracking Station.*DB Chap 6Tables(404-460)1/17/0240412:32 PMPage 404NASA HISTORICAL DATA BOOKTable 6–1.

NASA Centers’ Major Programs and Mission AreasInstallationAmes Research CenterMoffett Field, CaliforniaMajor ProgramsMission AreasAeronautics/Space Science Computational fluid dynamicsand ApplicationsAircraft flight simulation testingAstrophysical and biologicalsciencesRotorcraft technologyDryden Flight ResearchCenterEdwards, CaliforniaAeronautics/SpaceTransportation SystemsAeronautics flight testingShuttle landing siteGoddard Space FlightCenterGreenbelt, MarylandSpace Science andApplicationsSpace Tracking andData SystemsAtmospheric and Earth sciencePhysics astronomyNear-Earth space trackingJet Propulsion Laboratory Space Science and(JPL)ExplorationPasadena, CaliforniaSpace Tracking andData SystemsPlanetary explorationSpace sciencesDeep Space NetworkJohnson Space CenterHouston, TexasSpace TransportationSystemsShuttle program managementSpace station program managementIntegration and thermal systemsFlight and mission operationsSpace medicine and crew systemsKennedy Space CenterCape Canaveral, FloridaSpace TransportationSystemsCargo processing and checkoutLaunch operationsPrimary STS landing siteLangley Research Center Aeronautics/SpaceHampton, VirginiaTechnologyAerodynamicsMaterials and structuresGuidance and controlEnvironmental qualityLewis Research CenterCleveland, OhioAeronautics/SpaceTechnologyPower and propulsion technologySpace station power systemsSpace data and communicationsMarshall Space FlightCenterHuntsville, AlabamaSpace TransportationSystemsPropulsion systems developmentSpace station propulsion/common modulesStennis Space CenterBay St.

Louis,MississippiSpace TransportationSystemsSpace ApplicationsLiquid rocket engine and systemtestingRemote sensingWallops Flight FacilityWallops Island, VirginiaSpace ScienceScout expendable launch vehiclelaunchesSpace science research anddevelopmentSpace tracking4. Total investment value(1+2+3)Percentage change3. Fixed assets-in-progressvaluePercentage change304,5284.4380,40024.96,441,306 6,821,182 7,032,3877.15.93.1291,72729.17,735,73610.0381,4550.38,070,6154.3435,96514.34,291,3714.41,9621.01,9433.16,879,495–14.8495,79513.72,969,391–31.02,0152.71,474,8733.07,184,7374.4379,769–23.43,201,1477.82,0290.71,517,2862.919853,603,8215.6117,199–0.91,967,3078.17,721,1237.5426,51712.33,537,50610.52,1345.21,567,9603.319863,757,1004.3117,222a2,049,7844.27,495,488–2.9439,6133.13,167,448–10.52,1350.051,607,0962.519873,888,4273.5117,217a2,161,9795.57,704,7492.8467,6736.43,187,0040.62,1701.61,649,0972.619884,050,0724.2117,210a2,281,5955.512:32 PM4,111,98617.61,431,6972.31,400,1523.119843,414,3092.1118,2480.31,819,1731.51/17/023,210,678 3,431,887 3,496,0708.66.91.919833,343,2793.1117,9311.21,791,6893.919823,242,2952.7116,4761.01,723,7242.6Tables(404-460)2.