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In early 1947, the contingent was made a permanent facility, known as the NACA Muroc FlightTest Unit, under Langley management. The group used Muroc as a test sitewhen it designed and built a research aircraft to break the sound barrier.In 1949, Muroc was renamed Edwards Air Force Base. Also that year,the name of the NACA facility was changed to the NACA High SpeedFlight Research Station. It became an autonomous facility in 1954,reporting directly to NACA headquarters. In March 1976, the centerbecame the Hugh L. Dryden Flight Research Center, in honor of Hugh L.Dryden, the internationally renowned aerodynamicist who had been theNACA’s director from 1947 to 1957.

In October 1981, the center’s independent status was removed, and it was redesignated as Dryden FlightResearch Facility under the administration of the Ames Research Center.MissionAmes-Dryden’s mission was to research, develop, verify, and transferadvanced aeronautics, space, and related technologies. It was NASA’sprime installation for aeronautical flight research.

The facility was alsoactively involved in supporting the Space Shuttle program as a backuplanding site and as a facility to test and validate design concepts and systems used in the development and operation of the orbiters. It participated in the approach and landing tests of the Space Shuttle orbiterEnterprise and supported Shuttle orbiter landings from space as well asprocessing for ferry flights to the launch site.Goddard Space Flight CenterLocationGoddard Space Flight Center is located in Greenbelt, Maryland, sixteen kilometers northeast of Washington, D.C. In addition to its main site,until FY 1981, Goddard leased 620 acres of nearby land from theDepartment of Agriculture, where the Goddard Antenna Test Range, theMagnetic Test Facility, the Optical Tracking and Ground Plane TestFacility, the Bi-Propellant Test Facility, and the Network Test andTraining Facility were located. In 1981, 544 acres were transferred toGoddard.

The remaining land stayed with the Department of Agriculture.Goddard also managed the Goddard Institute for Space Studies in NewYork City. Established in 1961, the institute conducted basic research inspace and Earth sciences in support of Goddard programs by working coop-**DB Chap 6(381-403)1/17/022:05 PMPage 393FACILITIES AND INSTALLATIONS393eratively with New York area universities and research organizations. Theprogram focused particularly on the study of global change, in particularlong-range climate, biogeochemical cycles, and planetary atmospheres.Since October 1981, Goddard Space Flight Center’s facilities included theWallops Flight Facility on Wallops Island on the Eastern Shore of Virginia.DirectorJohn W. Townsend, Jr.

(June 1987–June 30, 1990)Noel W. Hinners (June 1982–June 1987)Leslie H. Meredith, Acting (March 1982–June 1982)A. Thomas Young (February 1980–March 1982)Robert E. Smylie, Acting (June 1979–February 1980)Robert Cooper (August 1976–June 1979)John F. Clark (May 1966–August 1976)Harry J. Goett (September 1959–July 1965)Deputy DirectorJohn J.

Quann (September 1982–January 1988)John McElroy (September 1980–September 1982)Robert E. Smylie (December 1976–February 1980)Donald P. Hearth (April 1970–September 1975)Vacant (July 1968–April 1970)John W. Townsend (July 1965–July 1968)HistoryGoddard Space Flight Center was created on January 15, 1959, andwas the first facility built for NASA. It was named in commemoration ofRobert H.

Goddard, the American pioneer in rocket research. The first157 employees were from the Vanguard project, transferred from theNaval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C.From early in NASA’s history, Goddard also managed the facilities ofthe Space Tracking and Data Network (STDN). Located around theworld, the number of tracking stations first increased, decreased duringthe early days of the Shuttle program, and then decreased as the Trackingand Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) became operational.

However,the STDN continued to support missions that could not be tracked by theTDRSS and provided additional Shuttle tracking support. See Chapter 4for a description of the STDN.MissionGoddard Space Flight Center’s mission was to expand knowledge ofEarth and its environment, the solar system, and the universe through thedevelopment and use of near-Earth-orbiting spacecraft. It was responsible**DB Chap 6(381-403)1/17/023942:05 PMPage 394NASA HISTORICAL DATA BOOKfor supporting NASA’s role in space and Earth sciences, conductingresearch and applying technology for sensors, instruments, and informationsystems, planning and executing spaceflight projects for scientific research,and tracking Earth satellites through a worldwide communications system.Jet Propulsion LaboratoryLocationThe Jet Propulsion Laboratory is located in Pasadena, California,approximately thirty-two kilometers northeast of Los Angeles.DirectorLew Allen, Jr.

(July 1982–December 31, 1990)Bruce C. Murray (April 1976–June 1982)William H. Pickering (October 1958–March 1976)Deputy DirectorPeter T. Lyman (September 1987–July 1992)Robert J. Parks (January 1984–September 1987)Charles H. Terhune, Jr. (1969–December 1983)HistoryThe Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) was transferred from Army jurisdiction to NASA’s control in December 1958. NASA’s contractual arrangementwith the California Institute of Technology for the performance of researchand development at JPL dates from 1962.

The NASA Management Office inPasadena administered the contract. JPL is a government-owned facility.MissionJPL’s primary mission was to explore the solar system with automated spacecraft. Its major programs involved exploring Earth and the solarsystem, managing the Deep Space Network for communications, dataacquisition, mission control, and radio-science space study, and performing basic and applied scientific and engineering research.Johnson Space CenterLocationJohnson Space Center is located at Clear Lake, near Houston, Texas.Additional facilities are located at Ellington Air Force Base, approximately eleven kilometers north of the main facility.**DB Chap 6(381-403)1/17/022:05 PMPage 395FACILITIES AND INSTALLATIONS395DirectorAaron Cohen (October 1986–August 20, 1993)Jesse Moore (January 1986–October 1986)Robert Goetz, Acting (January 1986—two weeks’ duration)Gerald Griffin (August 1982–January 1986)Christopher C.

Kraft, Jr. (January 1972–August 1982)Robert R. Gilruth (November 1961–January 1972)Deputy DirectorPaul J. Weitz (December 1986–April 1994)Robert C. Goetz (July 1983–October 1986)Charles E. Charlesworth (August 1979–May 1983)Sigurd A. Sjoberg (January 1972–May 1979)Christopher C. Kraft, Jr. (November 1969–January 1972)George S. Trimble (October 1967–September 1969)George M. Low (February 1964–April 1967)James C. Elms (November 1963–February 1964)HistoryJohnson Space Center was established in September 1961 as NASA’sManned Spacecraft Center.

It was NASA’s primary center for the design,development, and testing of spacecraft and associated systems for humanspaceflight, the selection and training of astronauts, the planning for conducting human spaceflight missions, and extensive participation in themedical, engineering, and scientific experiments carried aboard spaceflights.

It was renamed Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in February 1973.The White Sands Test Facility, a component installation of JohnsonSpace Center, was established in 1962 at Las Cruces, New Mexico, fortesting Apollo propulsion and power systems. It became the primaryground terminal for the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System in 1983.MissionJohnson Space Center had program management responsibility forthe Space Shuttle program. It also had a major responsibility for thedevelopment of the space station.Kennedy Space CenterLocationJohn F. Kennedy Space Center is located on the east coast of Florida,immediately north and west of Cape Canaveral. It is approximately241 kilometers south of Jacksonville and eighty kilometers east of Orlando.**DB Chap 6(381-403)1/17/023962:05 PMPage 396NASA HISTORICAL DATA BOOKDirectorForrest McCartney (October 1986–December 1991)Thomas E. Utsman, Acting (July 1986–October 1986)Richard G.

Smith (September 1979–July 1986)Lee R. Scherer (January 1975–September 1979)Kurt H. Debus (March 1962–October 1964)Deputy DirectorThomas E. Utsman (August 1985–January 1990)Horace Lamberth (Acting) November 1984–August 1985)George F. Page (July 1982–October 1984)Gerald D. Griffin (July 1977–August 1981; on Headquarters assignmentJuly 1980–May 1981)Miles Ross (June 1970–May 1977)HistoryThe site of Kennedy Space Center, halfway between Miami andJacksonville, Florida, had been used as a missile launching ground sincethe late 1940s. In 1951, it was used for test flights of the U.S. Army’sRedstone intermediate-range ballistic missile.