Гричин С.В., Ульянова О.В. - Английский язык для инженеров сварочного производства, страница 5

A major innovation was described in a patentthat defines the Submerged Arc Process by Jones, Kennedy and Rothermund.This patent was filed in October 1935 and assigned to Union CarbideCorporation.Russell Meredith working at Northrop Aircraft Company in 1939-1941invented the TIG process. This new process was called "Heliarc" as it used anelectric arc to melt the base material and helium to shield the molten puddle.Mr.Jack Northrop's dream was to build a magnesium airframe for a lighter,faster warplanes and his welding group invented the process and developedthe first TIG torches.

The patents were sold to Linde who developed anumber of torches for different applications. They also developed proceduresfor using Argon which was more available and less expensive than Helium.In 1957, the flux-cored arc welding process debuted, in which the selfshielded wire electrode could be used with automatic equipment, resulting ingreatly increased welding speeds, and that same year, plasma arc weldingwas invented.

Electroslag welding was released in 1958, and it was followedby its cousin, electrogas welding, in 1961.Other recent developments in welding include the 1958 breakthroughof electron beam welding, making deep and narrow welding possible throughthe concentrated heat source. Following the invention of the laser in 1960,laser beam welding debuted several decades later, and has proved to beespecially useful in high-speed, automated welding.

Both of these processes,however, continue to be quite expensive due the high cost of the necessaryequipment, and this has limited their applications.Vocabularyforgeoxyacetyleneporositybrittlenessshielding gaswelding rodMIGвыковывать, ковать1) автогенный 2) кислородно-ацетиленовыйпористостьхрупкостьзащитный газсварочный прутокmetal inert gas welding сварка металлическимэлектродом в инертном газе27torchmolten pool/puddleimpurities4горелкасварочная ванна, ванна жидкого металлапримесиFind equivalents for the following words combinations in the text.Tорговое судоходство, открытая печь, военный самолет, открытый горн,источник тепла, признавать преимущества, высокая стоимость,приводить к увеличению скорости сварки, оказаться особеннополезным.5Fill in the table with the scientists’ names and their inventions from thelists below.Scientists: Edmund Davy; A.

P. Strohmenger; Jones, Kennedy andRothermund; Benardos; C.J. Holslag; Oscar Kjellberg; Alexander; NikolaiSlavyanov and C.L. Coffin.Inventions: discovered acetylene; invented the electric arc; developed metalelectrode; brought a coated metal electrode; invented and patented thecovered electrode; invented alternating current; developed Submerged ArcWelding; patented Atomic Hydrogen Welding process.Date1540ScientistVannoccio Biringuccio18001800s.18361881Sir Humphrey Davy;Inventiondescribed forging operationdemonstrated the welding processwith carbon electrode19001904191919351924286Say if the following is true or false. Correct the false statements.1.

Arc welding was used to build the Iron pillar in Delhi, India.2. The discovery of acetylene made it possible to achieve higher heatingtemperatures.3. The first electrode used in welding was a covered one.4. Oxygen is used as shielding gas in TIG welding.5. The TIG process made it possible to construct planes faster.7Answer the following question on the text.1. Which process was developed earlier, MIG or TIG?2. Why is rod added in carbon electrode welding?3.

What is the difference between the Atomic Hydrogen Welding process andthe MIG process?4. What kind of gas was first used to shield the molten puddle?5. Is tungsten electrode consumable?8Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.1. Ковка – первый в истории метод соединения металлов, при которомбыло необходимо нагреть соединяемые металлы до высокойтемпературы на открытом пламени.2. Открытие ацетилена и соединение его с кислородом позволилозначительно повысить температуру нагрева свариваемых металлов.3. Российский изобретатель Бенардос впервые использовалнеплавящийся угольный электрод.4.

Использование электрода с покрытием значительно повысилокачество получаемых сварных соединений.5. Изобретение дуговой сварки под флюсом позволило ускоритьстроительство торговых судов.6. При дуговой сварке вольфрамовым электродом в качестве инертногогаза использовался гелий, который позднее был заменен более дешевымв получении аргоном.29Reading 29Read the text From the History of Welding and refer the statements1-4 to each of the passages of the text A-D1.

Application of welding techniques is decreasing nowadays.2. Welding originated from the attempts to shape metal into useful forms.3. Resistance welding is one of the earliest types of joining metals.4. Industrial development in the 1950-s expedited (ускорять) the advance ofwelding technologies.From the History of WeldingAWelding is a technique used for joining metallic parts usually throughthe application of heat. This technique was discovered during efforts tomanipulate iron into useful shapes. Welded blades were developed in the firstmillennium AD, the most famous being those produced by Arab armourersat Damascus, Syria.

The process of carburization of iron to produce hardsteel was known at this time, but the resultant steel was very brittle. Thewelding technique - which involved interlayering relatively soft and toughiron with high-carbon material, followed by hammer forging - produced astrong, tough blade.BIn modern times the improvement in iron-making techniques,especially the introduction of cast iron, restricted welding to the blacksmithand the jeweler.

Other joining techniques, such as fastening by bolts orrivets, were widely applied to new products, from bridges and railwayengines to kitchen utensils.CModern fusion welding processes are an outgrowth of the need toobtain a continuous joint on large steel plates.

Riveting had been shown tohave disadvantages, especially for an enclosed container such as a boiler.Gas welding, arc welding, and resistance welding all appeared at the end ofthe 19th century. The first real attempt to adopt welding processes on a widescale was made during World War I. By 1916 the oxyacetylene process waswell developed, and the welding techniques employed then are still used. Themain improvements since then have been in equipment and safety. Arcwelding, using a consumable electrode, was also introduced in this period,but the bare wires initially used produced brittle welds.

A solution was foundby wrapping the bare wire with asbestos and an entwined aluminum wire.The modern electrode, introduced in 1907, consists of a bare wire with acomplex coating of minerals and metals. Arc welding was not universally30used until World War II, when the urgent need for rapid means ofconstruction for shipping, power plants, transportation, and structures spurredthe necessary development work.DResistance welding, invented in 1877 by Elihu Thomson, was acceptedlong before arc welding for spot and seam joining of sheet. Butt welding forchain making and joining bars and rods was developed during the 1920s.

Inthe 1940s the tungsten-inert gas process, using a nonconsumable tungstenelectrode to perform fusion welds, was introduced. In 1948 a new gasshielded process utilized a wire electrode that was consumed in the weld.More recently, electron-beam welding, laser welding, and several solid-phaseprocesses such as diffusion bonding, friction welding, and ultrasonic joininghave been developed.Vocabularyarmourcarburizationinterlayeringhigh-carbonhammer forgingcast ironblacksmithjewelerrivetingboileroxyacetyleneconsumablebarecoatingspotseamsheetbutttungstenbondingбронянауглероживаниечередование слоеввысокоуглеродистыйсвободная ковка на молотечугункузнецювелирпроизводить клёпкупаровой котёл, бойлерацетилено-кислородныйрасходуемыйнепокрытыйпокрытиеточечнаяроликоваялистстыковаявольфрамсоединение, (с)крепление, связывание10Find the English equivalents for the following word combinations inthe text.Сварочная технология, твердое железо, кухонная утварь, листоваясталь,сложное покрытие,алюминиевая проволока,остраянеобходимость, проволока без покрытия.3111Say if the following is true or false.

Correct the false sentences.1. Only heat is used for joining metallic parts in welding.2. The process of carburization of iron is rather new.3. The blacksmith and the jeweler continue to use welding techniques in theirwork.4. Welding is the only technique of joining metallic parts.5. The modern electrode consists of a bare wire with asbestos.6. Arc welding was not used after World War II.7. Diffusion bonding and friction welding are solid-phase processes.8. Riveting is now widely used for producing an enclosed container such as aboiler.12Answer the following questions.1.

What is welding?2. How was welding discovered?3. Who were the first welders?4. What did the first welding technique for making blades involve?5. Did the improvement in iron-making techniques conduce to thedevelopment of welding?6. Is it efficient to apply riveting for making boilers?7. When did gas, arc and resistance welding appear?8. What was the quality of the welds produced by the arc welding using barewires like?9. What does the coating of the modern electrode consist of?10. What are the years 1877, 1916, and 1948 remarkable for in terms ofwelding?13Translate from Russian into English.1. Арабских оружейников, изготавливавших кованые клинки, можносчитать первыми сварщиками.2. Появление методов сварки плавлением было обусловленонеобходимостью производства изделий из крупнолистовой стали.3. Впервые сварка стала использоваться в массовом производстве вовремя первой мировой войны.4.

Вторая мировая война ускорила внедрение электродуговой сварки.5. Современный сварочный электрод имеет сложное покрытие,состоящее из композитных материалов.6. Помимо сварки, клепка и болтовые соединения являются основнымиметодами соединения металлов.32Writing14Write a short report on the history of welding mentioningDates: first millennium AD, 1540, 1800, 1836, 1881, , 1877, 1881, 1892,1900, 1904, 1907, 1924, 1935, 1948.Names: Alexander, Jones, Kennedy and Rothermund, Morehead and Wilson,Oscar Kjellberg, Benardos, Russell Meredith, Edmund Davy, NikolaiSlavyanov, C.L. Coffin, Vannoccio Biringuccio, Sir Humphrey Davy.Places: Syria, Russia, Sweden, the US, Britain;Inventions: modern electrode, resistance welding, oxyacetylene process,MIG, TIG, atomic hydrogen welding process, submerged arc welding, carbonelectrode..Project work15Read about The ASME Code. Find out the content of the ASME code.Make a presentation or a report.The ASME CodeIn the late 1920s and early 1930s, the welding of pressure vessels cameon the scene.