Гричин С.В., Ульянова О.В. - Английский язык для инженеров сварочного производства, страница 10

Additionally, many processesproduce various gases, most commonly carbon dioxide and ozone, and fumesthat can prove dangerous if ventilation is inadequate. Furthermore, becausethe use of compressed gases and flames in many welding processes pose anexplosion and fire risk, some common precautions include limiting theamount of oxygen in the air and keeping combustible materials away fromthe workplace.3Read the texts above and find the English equivalents for the followingRussian phrases in the text.Положительно заряженный анод, остатки флюса, волна типа"синусоида", гармоническая волна/ прямоугольная волна, плавящийся55электрод, свариваемые металлы, пересечение нулевого уровня, пленкаПВХ, светофильтры, наплавка, горючие материалы4Say if the following statements are true or false. Correct the falsesentences.1. Filler material is always necessary for arc welding.2.

The amount of heat input at the welding point depends on the voltage.3. Shielded metal arc welding is a consumable electrode process.4. Consumable welding processes use any type of current.5. Consumable electrode methods are faster than none-consumable ones.6. TIG welding requires little operator training.7. Submerged arc welding is used to weld large work pieces.5Answer the following questions on the text.1. What is arc welding?2. What kind of current and electrodes are used in arc welding?3. What is the welded region protected by?4. Why is constant current power supply most often used for manual weldingprocesses?5. How does the type of the electrode charge (positive/negative) influence thespeed of welding and weld penetration?6.

What problem is related to the use of alternating current in gas tungstenwelding?7. What is the function of flux in shielded metal arc welding?8. What are the main advantages and disadvantages of manual metal arcwelding?9. Which type of metal arc welding uses a separate filler material?10. What do the welding protection clothes include?6Match the terms (1-10) and their meanings (A-J).1. Anode2. Ultraviolet(UV) light3. FluxA Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter thanthat of visible light, but longer than soft X-rays.B Difference of electrical potential between two points ofan electrical network, expressed in volts [1].

It is a measureof the capacity of an electric field to cause an electriccurrent in an electrical conductor.C Electrical current whose magnitude and direction varycyclically, as opposed to direct current, whose directionremains constant.564. Alternatingcurrent (AC)5. Oxidation6. Goggles andsafety glasses7. Toxicity8.

Stainlesssteel9. Arc eye10. VoltageD (from the Greek άνοδος = 'going up') is the electrode in adevice that electrons flow out of to return to the circuit.Literally, the path through which the electrons ascend outof an electrolyte solution. The other charged electrode inthe same cell or device is the cathode.E In metallurgy, a substance which facilitates soldering,brazing, and welding by chemically cleaning the metals tobe joined. Common ….s are: ammonium chloride or rosinfor soldering tin; hydrochloric acid and zinc chloride forsoldering galvanized iron (and other zinc surfaces); andborax for brazing, and welding ferrous metals.F In metallurgy a ferrous alloy with a minimum of 10%chromium content. The name originates from the fact that itdoes not stain, corrode or rust as easily as ordinary steel.This material is also called corrosion resistant steel when itis not detailed exactly to its alloy type and grade,particularly in the aviation industry.G Loss of an electron by a molecule, atom or ionH also known as arc flash, welder's flash, corneal flashburns, or flash burns, is a painful ocular conditionsometimes experienced by welders who have failed to useadequate eye protection.

It can also occur due to light fromsunbeds, light reflected from snow (known as snowblindness), water or sand. The intense ultraviolet lightemitted by the arc causes a superficial and painful keratitis.I From Greek τοξικότητα – poisonousness). It can refer tothe effect on a whole organism, such as a human or abacterium or a plant, or to a substructure, such as the liver.By extension, the word may be metaphorically used todescribe toxic effects on larger and more complex groups,such as the family unit or "society at large".

The skull andcrossbones is a common symbol for it.J Forms of protective eyewear that usually enclose orprotect the eye area in order to prevent particulates orchemicals from striking the eyes. They are used inchemistry laboratories and in woodworking. They are oftenused in snow sports as well, and in swimming. Goggles areoften worn when using power tools such as drills orchainsaws to prevent flying particles from damaging theeyes.577Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.1. Зона сварки при электродуговых процессах защищается защитнымгазом.2.

При сварке с использованием плавящихся электродов используетсякак постоянный, так и переменный ток.3.При РДС электрод является присадочным материалом.4. Благодаря разнообразию способов электродуговой сварки онанаходит широкое применение в различных отраслях производства.5. Для защиты сварщиков от ультрафиолетового излученияэлектрической дуги используются светофильтры.6. При недостаточной вентиляции газы могут представлять опасностьдля здоровья.7. Благодаря отсутствию дыма при дуговой сварке под флюсом условиятруда гораздо лучше, чем при других способах электродуговой сварки.8.

В целях предосторожности не следует держать воспламеняющиесяпредметы вблизи проведения сварочных работ.Speaking8Explain to a non-specialist the difference between consumableelectrode method and non-consumable electrode methods.Reading 29Below you will find information about some less frequently used arcwelding processes. After reading the text, think and say why these processesare less common in industry.

Consider their advantages and disadvantages.Atomic Hydrogen Welding (AHW) is an arc welding process that uses anarc between two metal tungsten electrodes in a shielding atmosphere ofhydrogen and without the application of pressure. Shielding is obtained fromthe hydrogen. Filler metal may or may not be used. In this process, the arc ismaintained entirely independent of the work or parts being welded. Thework is a part of the electrical circuit only to the extent that a portion of thearc comes in contact with the work, at which time a voltage exists betweenthe work and each electrode.Carbon Arc Welding (CAW) is a process which produces coalescence ofmetals by heating them with an arc between a nonconsumable carbon(graphite) electrode and the work-piece. It was the first arc-welding processever developed but is not used for many applications today, having beenreplaced by twin carbon arc welding and other variations.58Twin carbon arc welding (TCAW) in which the arc is established betweentwo carbon electrodesGas carbon arc welding (CAW-G) no longer has commercial significanceElectroslag welding is a highly productive welding process developed in theUnited States during the 1930s.

It involves the melting of the surfaces of themetal workpieces and the filler metal with a molten slag to causecoalescence. An electric arc is passed through the slag to heat it, but the arcitself is extinguished by the slag. Electroslag welding is commonly used toweld in a vertical orientation, and is particularly popular with steels.

In the1970s, it was used extensively in bridges, ships, and other large metalstructures. However, in 1977 the Federal Highway Administration banned itsuse in welds for some structural members of bridges, due to concerns of weldimperfections and poor properties. Benefits of the process include its highmetal deposition rates.

Many welding processes require more than one passfor welding thick workpieces, but often a single pass is sufficient forelectroslag welding. The process is also very efficient, since joint preparationand materials handling are minimized while filler metal utilization is high.The process is also safe and clean, with no arc flash and low weld splatter ordistortion.Electrogas welding (EGW) is a continuous vertical position arc weldingprocess developed in 1961, in which an arc is struck between a consumableelectrode and the workpiece. A shielding gas is sometimes used, but pressureis not applied. A major difference between EGW and its cousin electroslagwelding is that the arc in EGW is not extinguished, instead remaining struckthroughout the welding process. It is used to make square-groove welds forbutt and welding, especially in the shipbuilding industry and in theconstruction of storage tanks.

In EGW, the heat of the welding arc causes theelectrode and workpieces to melt and flow into the cavity between the partsbeing welded. This molten metal solidifies from the bottom up, joining theparts being welded together. The weld area is protected from atmosphericcontamination by a separate shielding gas, or by the gas produced by thedisintegration of a flux-cored electrode wire. The electrode is guided into theweld area by either a consumable electrode guide tube, like the one used inelectroslag welding, or a moving head. When the consumable guide tube isused, the weld pool is composed of molten metal coming from the parts beingwelded, the electrode, and the guide tube.

The moving head variation uses anassembly of an electrode guide tube which travels upwards as the weld islaid, keeping it from melting. Electrogas welding can be applied to moststeels, including low and medium carbon steels, low alloy high strengthsteels, and some stainless steels. Quenched and tempered steels may also be59welded by the process, provided that the proper amount of heat is applied.Welds must be vertical, varying to either side by a maximum of 15 degrees.Like other arc welding processes, EGW requires that the operator wear awelding helmet and proper attire to prevent exposure to molten metal and thebright welding arc.